Engineering Commons^™

An Experimental Investigation Of The New Vibration Viscometer, Jamshidbek Ulugbek Ugli Shamuratov

Technical science and innovation

The characteristics of the new oscillating-plate viscometer have been investigated experimentally. The results obtained are as follows: the resonant frequency of plate oscillation decreases with increasing viscosity; the apparatus constant 𝐾 determined experimentally includes the end and slip effects; the dimensions of the plate should be determined by referring to empirical relations between 𝜌𝜇 and Λ(≡{(𝐸𝑎𝐸)−1}𝑛) for various dimensions of the plate; where 𝜌 is the density, 𝜇 is the viscosity; 𝐸𝑎 the resonant amplitude of plate in the air; E the amplitude of plate in a liquid, and 𝑛 a constant. If the distance between the plate and the …

Adaptation Algorithm For Self-Tuning Of Parameters Of Models Of Multi-Stage Flotation Processes, Nilufar Sharifzhanova, Maksadhan Yakubov, Francesco Gregoretti

Technical science and innovation

Modern methods for solving problems of planning the execution of batches of tasks in multi-stage systems are characterized by the presence of restrictions on their dimensionality, the impossibility of guaranteed obtaining better results in comparison with fixed packages for different values of the input parameters of the problem. In the article, the author solved the problem of optimizing the composition of job packages running in multi-stage systems using the branch and bound method. Research has been carried out on various ways to form package execution orders tasks in multi-stage systems (heuristic rules for ordering packages tasks in the sequence of …

Reducing Food Scarcity: The Benefits Of Urban Farming, S.A. Claudell, Emilio Mejia

Journal of Nonprofit Innovation

Urban farming can enhance the lives of communities and help reduce food scarcity. This paper presents a conceptual prototype of an efficient urban farming community that can be scaled for a single apartment building or an entire community across all global geoeconomics regions, including densely populated cities and rural, developing towns and communities. When deployed in coordination with smart crop choices, local farm support, and efficient transportation then the result isn’t just sustainability, but also increasing fresh produce accessibility, optimizing nutritional value, eliminating the use of ‘forever chemicals’, reducing transportation costs, and fostering global environmental benefits.

Imagine Doris, who is …

Nitrogen-Doped Graphite Felt On The Performance Of Aqueous Quinone-Based Redox Flow Batteries, Heng Zhang, Li-Xing Xia, Shan Jiang, Fu-Zhi Wang, Zhan-Ao Tan

Journal of Electrochemistry

Modification of electrode is vitally important for achieving high energy efficiency in aqueous quinone-based redox flow batteries (AQRFBs). The modification of graphite felt (GF) was carried out by means of urea hydrothermal reaction, and simultaneously, the effects of hydrothermal reaction time on the functional groups and surface structure of nitrogen-doped graphite felt were studied. The surface morphology and defect, element content and surface chemical state of the modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) test, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical performance of the modified electrodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance …

An In-Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study On The Interfacial Process Of Carbonate-Based Electrolyte On Nanostructured Silver Electrode, Yu Gu, Yuan-Fei Hu, Wei-Wei Wang, En-Ming You, Shuai Tang, Jian-Jia Su, Jun Yi, Jia-Wei Yan, Zhong-Qun Tian, Bing-Wei Mao

Journal of Electrochemistry

The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) plays a key role in anodes for rechargeable lithium-based battery technologies. However, a thorough understanding in the mechanisms of SEI formation and evolution remains a major challenge, hindering the rapid development and wide applications of Li-based batteries. Here, we devise a borrowing surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity strategy by utilizing a size optimized Ag nanosubstrate to in-situ monitor the formation and evolution of SEI, as well as its structure and chemistry in an ethylene carbonate-based electrolyte. To ensure a reliable in-situ SERS investigation, we designed a strict air-tight Raman cell with a three-electrode configuration. Based on …

Electrochemical Performance Of Porous Ceramic Supported Tubular Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Heng-Ji Wang, Wen-Guo Chen, Zhou-Yi Quan, Kai Zhao, Yi-Fei Sun, Min Chen, Ogenko Volodymyr

Journal of Electrochemistry

Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is an efficient and clean energy conversion technology that can utilize electricity obtained from renewable resources, such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy to electrolyze water and produce hydrogen. The conversion of abundant intermittent energy to hydrogen energy would facilitate the efficient utilization of energy resources. SOEC is an all-ceramic electrochemical cell that operates in the intermediate to high temperature range of 500–750 ℃. Compared with traditional low temperature electrolysis technology (e.g., alkaline or proton exchange membrane cells operating at ~100 ℃), the high-temperature SOEC can increase the electrolysis efficiency from 80% to ~100%, providing …

Isolation And Characterization Of Caffeine-Degrading Bacteria From Coffee Plantation Areas In Malaysia, Elvina Clarie Dullah, Mohd Fazli Farida Asras

Makara Journal of Technology

Decaffeination by microbial degradation is currently the most optimal and low-cost approach, involving only microbial cells and/or their enzymes. The bacterium was characterized using a series of biochemical tests. Positive results were obtained from carbohydrate fermentation, citrate utilization, and catalase tests, while negative results were obtained from Voges-Proskauer (VP) and indole tests. Three different caffeine concentrations of 0.25%, 0.4%, and 2% were tested and measured through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS) analysis. The highest caffeine reduction (89.25%) was found when 0.25% caffeine was used in the media. Only a small amount of caffeine was reduced to 0.4% and 2%, with 34.78% …

Optimization Of The Building Envelope And Roof Shading To Reduce The Energy Consumption Of College Low-Rise Buildings In Indonesia, Nasruddin Nasruddin, Azimil Gani Alam, Mohammad Imroz Sohel

Makara Journal of Technology

Energy consumption in buildings is a crucial concern globally, prompting researchers to explore innovative solutions to mitigate its impact. This study investigates the optimization of building envelopes and roof shading systems of existing buildings in Indonesia to realize notable energy savings. Multiple scenarios were explored, with modifications to building envelopes and roof shading, highlighting the overall thermal transfer value as a key parameter. Using EnergyPlus simulations, the efficacy of natural ventilation in corridors and roof shading modifications was assessed in reducing energy consumption. The findings revealed that renovating existing buildings by optimization of the building envelope and roof shading by …

Estimating And Detecting Slow-Wave Events In Eeg Signals, Zhenghao Xiong

McKelvey School of Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Slow wave activity (SWA) is an electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern commonly occurring during anesthesia and deep sleep, and is hence a candidate biomarker to quantify such states and understand their connection to various phenotypes. SWA consists of individual slow waves (ISW), high-amplitude deflections lasting for approximately 0.5 to 1 second, and occurring quasi-periodically. This latter fact poses a challenge for conventional power spectral density EEG analysis methods that perform best when there is persistency of oscillatory activity. In this work, we pursue a time-domain detection framework for identifying and quantifying ISWs as a metric for SWA. Our method works, in essence, …

Energy Efficiency And Fault Tolerance In Open Ran And Future Internet, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open Radio Access Networks (Open RAN) repre- sent a promising technological advancement within the realm of the future internet. Research efforts are currently directed towards enhancing energy efficiency and fault tolerance, which are critical aspects for both Open RAN and the future internet landscape. In the context of energy saving in Open RAN, there exists a spectrum of methods for achieving energy efficiency. These methods include the toggling of on/off states for different hardware resources such as base station units, distributed units, and radio units. Conversely, for enhancing fault tolerance in Open RAN, Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and OpenFlow based techniques …

Improved Brain-Storm Optimizer For Disassembly Line Balancing Problems Considering Hazardous Components And Task Switching Time, Ziyan Zhao, Pengkai Xiao, Jiacun Wang, Shixin Liu, Xiwang Guo, Shujin Qin, Ying Tang

Henry M. Rowan College of Engineering Faculty Scholarship

Disassembling discarded electrical products plays a crucial role in product recycling, contributing to resource conservation and environmental protection. While disassembly lines are progressively transitioning to automation, manual or human–robot collaborative approaches still involve numerous workers dealing with hazardous disassembly tasks. In such scenarios, achieving a balance between low risk and high revenue becomes pivotal in decision making for disassembly line balancing, determining the optimal assignment of tasks to workstations. This paper tackles a new disassembly line balancing problem under the limitations of quantified penalties for hazardous component disassembly and the switching time between adjacent tasks. The objective function is to …

Robust Visual Observer And Controller Design For System Modeled On Se(3) With Camera Measurements, Tong Zhang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a controlling method that utilizes visual observation to address the challenge of driving an autonomous vehicle with a kinematic model on SE(3), by using the data obtained from the onboard cameras. This controlling framework is applicable when direct retrieval of the vehicle's attitude information is not possible or when precision control of the vehicle is necessary. However, addressing several challenges to attain closed-loop stability for the observer-based control for autonomous vehicles on SE(3) is essential. 1. The analysis is further complicated by the presence of multiple equilibria in the error dynamics associated with the suggested method. 2. …

Improving Energy Efficiency In Open Ran Through Dynamic Cpu Scheduling, Saish Urumkar, Byrav Ramamurthy, Sachin Sharma

Conference papers

Open RAN is a promising cellular technology that is currently undergoing extensive research for future wireless radio access networks. Achieving optimal energy efficiency in Open RAN poses a significant challenge. This paper introduces a CPU scheduling algorithm that specifically targets this chal- lenge by optimizing energy consumption at the base station while maintaining optimal performance levels. With the goal of minimizing energy consumption, the proposed algorithm dynamically adjusts the CPU core states, seamlessly switching between active and sleep modes based on the load conditions. To evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness in terms of energy saving and performance, experimental testing is conducted …

Cost Minimization For Charging Electric Bus Fleets, Daniel Mortensen, Jacob Gunther, Greg Droge, Justin Whitaker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Student Research

Recent attention for reduced carbon emissions has pushed transit authorities to adopt battery electric buses (BEBs). One challenge experienced by BEB users is extended charge times, which create logistical challenges and may force BEBs to charge when energy is more expensive. Furthermore, BEB charging leads to high power demands, which can significantly increase monthly power costs and may push the electrical infrastructure beyond its present capacity, requiring expensive upgrades. This work presents a novel method for minimizing the monthly cost of BEB charging while meeting bus route constraints. This method extends previous work by incorporating a more novel cost model, …

A Symbiotic Content Caching Approach In Next-Generation Information-Centric Networks Based On Game Theory, Aisha B Rahman

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

The continuous growth of mobile data traffic with strict time requirements calls for the development of sustainable edge content caching solutions. This becomes more prominent in the setting of Information-Centric Networking (ICN) architectures, where different ICNs are leasing caching slices to the available content providers (CPs), who in turn offer their services to the users. In this thesis, we introduce a novel symbiotic content caching framework that provides the necessary economic benefits to the ICNs and the CPs to mutualistically collaborate among each other. The corresponding mutualistic interactions among the ICNs and CPs are studied under the prism of two …

Series Aperture Coupled Fed Phased Array Antenna, Guang Yang

Electrical Engineering Theses and Dissertations

Phased arrays are employed in a wide range of civil and Military contexts, including RADAR, cellular communications, and satellite communications. However, modern phased-array antennas require complex design and bulky structure at high costs, hindering their implementation in many applications. The critical aspect of a phased array design lies in power splitting with a proper phase to each radiating element. Conventional power splitters such as quarter-wavelength or Wilkinson power splitters suffer problems associated with complex array network and high power dissipation. Furthermore, popular phase shifters such as MEMS switch, ferrite-based or PIN diode have drawbacks of low power-handling capability, expensive packaging, …

A Bio-Inspired Alternative Positioning, Navigation, And Timing Approach Based On A Potential Game-Theoretic Model, Md Sadman Siraj

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

This thesis addresses the challenge of designing of alternative Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) solutions. Inspired by the evolution of biological ecosystems, we introduce a novel symbiotic PNT solution, based on the principles of Game Theory and the exploitation of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs). A set of actors, consisting of anchor nodes and RISs with known coordinates, collaborator nodes having a rough estimate of their positions, and targets of unknown positions, are cooperating to accurately determine the targets’ positioning and timing. The key objective is to minimize the estimation error of each target and collaborator node, as well as of …

Control Of Fully-Actuated Aerial Manipulators And Omni-Directional Multirotors, Riley M. Mccarthy

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

This thesis details the system modeling, design, control, simulation, construction, and
testing of both a fully-actuated and omni-directional multirotor aerial system created
for the primary purpose of performing active tasks with their environment. This work
verifies the capabilities of both systems through empirical testing, and demonstrates
how through the use of new control methods and physical designs multirotors can
expand their purpose from passive inspection based tasks to active contact based
tasks. These systems take advantage of newly implemented control allocation features present in the PX4 flight control software, version 1.14. The use of which makes designing controllers for such …

Design, Fabrication And Characterization Of Zero Power Sensor/Harvester For Smart Grid Applications, Zeynel Guler

Mechanical Engineering ETDs

This study presents a flexible sensor/harvester device to be used in both electromagnetic sensing and energy harvesting applications for smart grids. When a current passes through a wire, the sensor detects the magnetic field created by that current. The sensor magnet interacts with the wire magnetic field resulting in a transfer of energy through the piezoelectric cantilever. Piezoelectric, conductive, magnetic, and magnetostrictive composite thin films were prepared to fabricate this device.

Initially, the magnet of the cantilever was optimized considering its shape, thickness, length, taper angle etc. via both simulations and experiments. Peak to peak voltage versus cantilever position graph …

Location Aware Task Offloading Framework For Edge Computing Empowered By Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces, Md Sahabul Hossain

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

In this thesis, an energy efficient task offloading mechanism in a multi-access edge computing (MEC) environment is introduced, based on the principles of Contract Theory. The technology of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) is adopted and serves as the enabler for the energy efficient task offloading, from the perspective of location-awareness and improved communication environment. Initially a novel positioning, navigation, and timing solution is designed, based on the RIS technology and an artificial intelligent method that selects a set of RISs to perform the multilateration technique and determine the Internet of Things (IoT) nodes’ positions in an efficient and accurate manner …

Monitoring Time Domain Characteristics Of Parkinson's Disease Using 3d Memristive Neuromorphic System, Md Abu Bakr Siddique, Yan Zhang, Hongyu An

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of patients. Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation (CL-DBS) is a therapy that can alleviate the symptoms of PD. The CL-DBS system consists of an electrode sending electrical stimulation signals to a specific region of the brain and a battery-powered stimulator implanted in the chest. The electrical stimuli in CL-DBS systems need to be adjusted in real-time in accordance with the state of PD symptoms. Therefore, fast and precise monitoring of PD symptoms is a critical function for CL-DBS systems. However, the current CL-DBS techniques suffer from high computational demands for real-time …

Puf-Based Digital Money With Propagation-Of-Provenance And Offline Transfers Between Two Parties, Benjamin Bean, Cyrus Minwalla, Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou, Jim Plusquellic

Electrical and Computer Engineering ETDs

Building on prior concepts of electronic money (eCash), we introduce a digital currency where a physical unclonable function (PUF) engenders devices with the twin properties of being verifiably enrolled as a member of a legitimate set of eCash devices and possessing of a hardware-based root-of-trust. A hardware-obfuscated secure enclave (HOSE) is proposed as a means of enabling a PUF-based propagation-of-provenance (POP) mechanism, which allows eCash tokens (eCt) to be securely signed and validated by recipients without incurring any third party dependencies at transfer time. The POP scheme establishes a chain of custody starting with token creation, extending through multiple bilateral …

Solar-Powered Microgrids In Northern California: An Opportunity For Resilience, Marina Riddle

Master's Projects and Capstones

Planned and unplanned power outages have been increasing in frequency and duration, negatively impacting all public sectors, and threatening public safety. These outages are deadly to those who rely on medical devices. As climate change-fueled extreme weather events (wildfires, earthquakes, storms, etc.) also increase in frequency, our electrical grid must be prepared to bounce back. Microgrids provide necessary redundancy and reliability. Through a novel GIS suitability analysis, based on solar radiation, land use type, local energy demand, distance to transmission lines, distance to roads, and slope, optimal locations for solar-powered microgrids throughout Northern California were determined. The counties of Fresno, …

A Map-Algebra-Inspired Approach For Interacting With Wireless Sensor Networks, Cyber-Physical Systems Or Internet Of Things, David Almeida

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The typical approach for consuming data from wireless sensor networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) has been to send data back to central servers for processing and analysis. This thesis develops an alternative strategy for processing and acting on data directly in the environment referred to as Active embedded Map Algebra (AeMA). Active refers to the near real time production of data, and embedded refers to the architecture of distributed embedded sensor nodes. Network macroprogramming, a style of programming adopted for wireless sensor networks and IoT, addresses the challenges of coordinating the behavior of multiple connected devices through a …

Compact Vhf And Uhf Antennas For Integration With Saw Devices In Harsh Environment, Sri Lekha Srimat Kilambi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

With increasing demand for harsh environment (HE) wireless sensor applications, the need for antennas capable of operating under temperatures up to 1000° C and under corrosive and erosive environments also increases. These environments place severe survivability, stability, and performance demands on antennas designed and fabricated to operate in such conditions.

This work focuses on the design, fabrication, simulation and performance investigation of a compact (~1/25th to 1/10th of a wavelength) combined helical and microstrip antenna design operating as a normal mode helical antenna structure (NMHAS) around 300MHz. The ground plane of the microstrip line also serves as a ground plane …

Assuring Netlist-To-Bitstream Equivalence Using Physical Netlist Generation And Structural Comparison, Reilly Mckendrick, Jeffrey Goeders, Keenan Faulkner

Faculty Publications

Hardware netlists are generally converted into a bitstream and loaded onto an FPGA board through vendor-provided tools. Due to the proprietary nature of these tools, it is up to the designer to trust the validity of the design’s conversion to bitstream. However, motivated attackers may alter the CAD tools’ integrity or manipulate the stored bitstream with the intent to disrupt the functionality of the design. This paper proposes a new method to prove functional equivalence between a synthesized netlist, and the produced FPGA bitstream. The novel approach is comprised of two phases: first, we show how we can utilize implementation …

Multi-Dimensional Qos And Collaborative Mac Layer Design For Dense, Diverse, And Dynamic Iot Network, Jiyang Bai

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

With the ubiquitous proliferation of Internet of Thing (IoT) devices, Access Points (APs) of future Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks are expected to support dense Stations (STAs) with diverse Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements under dynamic channel conditions. On account of high access collision and optimization problem complexity, the performance degradation brings new challenges to the existing Media Access Control (MAC) layer design in Wi-Fi. This thesis proposes novel technologies to enable low-latency high-performance MAC layer designs, which support dense access of STAs with real-time solutions of resource allocation and link adaptation problems. Both grouping and collaborative architectures are utilized based on game …

Finding Ideal Parameters For Recycled Material Fused Particle Fabrication-Based 3d Printing Using An Open Source Software Implementation Of Particle Swarm Optimization, Shane Oberloier, Nicholas G. Whisman, Joshua M. Pearce

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 2

As additive manufacturing rapidly expands the number of materials including waste plastics and composites, there is an urgent need to reduce the experimental time needed to identify optimized printing parameters for novel materials. Computational intelligence (CI) in general and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms in particular have been shown to accelerate finding optimal printing parameters. Unfortunately, the implementation of CI has been prohibitively complex for noncomputer scientists. To overcome these limitations, this article develops, tests, and validates PSO Experimenter, an easy-to-use open-source platform based around the PSO algorithm and applies it to optimizing recycled materials. Specifically, PSO Experimenter is used …

The Need For Energy Storage On Renewable Energy Generator Outputs To Lessen The Geeth Effect, I.E. Short-Term Variations Mainly Associated With Wind Turbine Active Power Output, Tony Kealy

Articles

Many studies investigating the short-term variations associated with the power output from wind turbine generators utilise simulated or modelled data in the analysis. This current study uses short-term empirical data downloaded directly from operational wind turbines via electrical power quality meters. The empirical data shows that the short-term variations (one-second or sub-one-second timeframe) occur continuously over most of the power output range. A novel name is proposed, the Geeth Effect, for this variability phenomenon. The Geeth Effect is measured using the coefficient of variation mathematical expression and is likely contributing to (i) lower-than-expected financial and environmental benefits associated with …

Traffic Light Detection And V2i Communications Of An Autonomous Vehicle With The Traffic Light For An Effective Intersection Navigation Using Mavs Simulation, Mahfuzur Rahman

Theses and Dissertations

Intersection Navigation plays a significant role in autonomous vehicle operation. This paper focuses on enhancing autonomous vehicle intersection navigation through advanced computer vision and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication systems. The research unfolds in two phases. In the first phase, an approach utilizing YOLOv8s is proposed for precise traffic light detection and recognition, trained on the Small-Scale Traffic Light Dataset (S2TLD). The second phase establishes seamless connectivity between autonomous vehicles and traffic lights in a simulated Mississippi State University Autonomous Vehicle Simulation (MAVS) environment resembling a small city with multiple intersections. This V2I system enables the transmission of Signal Phase and Timing …