Engineering Commons^™

Lyapunov-Based Cyberattack Detection For Distinguishing Between Sensor And Actuator Attacks, Dominic Messina, Helen E. Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Control-theoretic cyberattack detection strategies are control strategies where control theory can be used in the design of the detection policies and analysis of stability properties with and without cyberattacks. This work provides a step toward understanding how to diagnose cyberattacks using control-theoretic cyberattack detection mechanisms. Specifically, we analyze the conditions under which a control-theoretic cyberattack detection strategy developed in our prior work to handle detection of simultaneous actuator and sensor attacks can be extended to distinguish between whether attacks are occurring on sensors or actuators. We present and evaluate heuristic concepts for attempting to diagnose sensor attacks; these again demonstrate …

Study Of The Application Of Blender For Simulation Of A Closed-Loop Image-Based Greenhouse Supplemental Lighting Control, Kip Nieman, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Image-based control and sensing has been applied in a wide variety of next generation manufacturing fields. Utilizing methods of simulating closed-loop image-based control may be advantageous for improving control performance and design without the need for an experimental setup. One software capable of these simulations is the open-source 3D modeling software Blender, which has many capabilities aided by a Python API. This work explores the use of Blender as an image-based control test bed, where both the process and the controller are simulated, in the context of a greenhouse supplemental lighting control system.

Safety With Non-Deterministic Control Action Selection Using Quantum Devices, Kip Nieman, Helen Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Recent increasing interest in quantum computers has spurred research into practical engineering applications for quantum algorithms. One potential application is process control. The unique quantum phenomena involved with quantum computing brings up interesting considerations for control. This work focuses on non-determinism, first through a motivating simulation utilizing a continuous stirred-tank reactor. Following this, two methods of potentially ensuring system stability in the presence of non-determinism are discussed. The first involves including an additional gate to the modified Grover’s algorithm presented in our previous work, which is designed to prevent a qubit state corresponding to an undesired control input from being …

Profit Considerations For Nonlinear Control-Integrated Cyberattack Detection On Process Actuators, Keshav Kasturi Rangan, Helen E. Durand

Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Faculty Research Publications

Prior research from our group developed a control-integrated active actuator cyberattack detection strategy. This strategy continuously probed for cyberattacks by updating target steady-states at every sampling time and then moving the process state toward these over the subsequent sampling period. Attacks were fagged if a Lyapunov function around the target steady-state did not decrease over a sampling period. This strategy had the benefit of ensuring safety of the process until an attack was detected. However, the continuous probing for attacks could decrease profit from the process compared to not probing for the attacks, which could limit the attractiveness of the …

Low-Power Sensor Design And Fusion To Edge Devices For High-Speed Object Detection And Enhanced Soldier Situational Awareness, Scott Patrick Wood

Theses and Dissertations

Threat detection and physiological monitoring of soldiers from fused sensor data collected in real time is currently limited to running deep neural networks with substantial computing needs. The lack of data acquisition from sensor readings and efficient detection of novel enemy signatures motivates the need for a low-power, low-cost, wireless multisensor fusion computing system. We propose the current trends in Internet of Things to deploy a chargeable, wireless multi-channel acquisition system that can be interfaced to a high speed, Single Board Computer (SBC) such as the NVIDIA Jetson Orin capable of running object detection models, such as YOLOv7-tiny to enable …

Utilizing Deep Learning In Smart Glass System To Assist The Blind And Visually Impaired, Asmaa A. Hekal, Mohamed S. Sharaf, Ahmed A. Sayed, Ibrahim R. Abdelrahman, Ahmed A. Salem, Ahmed M. Elhussieny, Saeed Y. Kouta, Eman S. Abass

Future Engineering Journal

This paper presents a groundbreaking assistive technology designed to empower visually impaired individuals in their daily lives. With an estimated global population of 2.2 billion facing visual impairments, addressing the challenges they encounter is of paramount importance. The research introduces a comprehensive electronic device integrating advanced computer vision and deep learning techniques. The system incorporates real-time object detection, robust facial recognition, and precise currency denomination identification. Powered by a Raspberry Pi 4 Model B+ and an ESP32-CAM Development Board, the device offers users unparalleled environmental awareness. Utilizing YOLOv4-tiny for object detection and a hybrid face recognition model combining HaarCascades, Histogram …

Strategies To Mitigate Electrostatic Charging During Coffee Grinding, Joshua Méndez Harper, Robin E. Bumbaugh, Christopher H. Hendon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Summary: Coffee grinding generates electrostatically charged particles, causing clumping, spark discharge, and beyond. When brewing, the particle aggregates affect liquid-solid surface accessibility, leading to variable extraction quality. Here, we study four charge mitigation strategies. De-electrification is readily achieved by adding small amounts of water to whole beans or by bombarding the grounds with ions produced from a high-voltage ionizer. While these techniques helped reduce visible mess, only water inclusion was found to impact coffee extracts prepared as espresso. Wetting whole beans with less than 0.05 mL/g resulted in a marked shift in particle size distribution, by preventing clump formation and …

Precision Medicine For Apical Lesions And Peri-Endo Combined Lesions Based On Transfer Learning Using Periapical Radiographs, Pei Yi Wu, Yi Cheng Mao, Yuan Jin Lin, Xin Hua Li, Li Tzu Ku, Kuo Chen Li, Chiung An Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Shih Lun Chen, Wei Chen Tu, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments

An apical lesion is caused by bacteria invading the tooth apex through caries. Periodontal disease is caused by plaque accumulation. Peri-endo combined lesions include both diseases and significantly affect dental prognosis. The lack of clear symptoms in the early stages of onset makes diagnosis challenging, and delayed treatment can lead to the spread of symptoms. Early infection detection is crucial for preventing complications. PAs used as the database were provided by Chang Gung Memorial Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, with permission from the Institutional Review Board (IRB): 02002030B0. The tooth apex image enhancement method is a new technology in PA detection. …

Evaluating Mixed Reality Technology For Tracking Hand Motion For Shoulder Rehabilitation Assessment*, Sergio A. Salinas, Katarina Grolinger, Marie-Eve Lebel, Ana Luisa Trejos

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Shoulder injuries and conditions are common musculoskeletal complaints that can limit a patient’s range of motion and daily activities. Recently, serious games and mixed reality technologies, such as the HoloLens, have been proposed for shoulder rehabilitation. However, it is unclear if this technology accurately tracks 3D hand movementsfor reporting therapy-related kinematic metrics. This paper presents accuracy and repeatability tests of the HoloLens 2 in tracking hand movements, and its potential for shoulder rehabilitation assessment. Comparisons were made between index fingertip, palm, and wrist movements captured by the HoloLens 2 and an Aurora electromagnetic system, which was used as the ground …

Improving The Cooling Time Of Twisted Coiled Actuators In Soft Robotics, Alex Lizotte, Parisa Daemi, Brendan Difabio, Ana Luisa Trejos

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

Fabric cooling channels for twisted coiled actuators (TCAs) were recently proposed to achieve the required response times for motion assistance in a manner suitable for soft wearable robotic devices. While previous work demonstratedthat the fabric channel reduced the cooling time by 42% in comparison to the same TCA without the cooling channel, the TCAs were still not cooled quickly enough to support human motion. Therefore, in this paper, two variations to the channel are proposed to further reduce the cooling time of the TCAs. The variations include unsealing the inlet and adding vents along the length of the channel to …

Further Evaluations Of A Didactic Cpu Visual Simulator (Cpuvsim), Renato Cortinovis, Tamer Mohamed Abdellatif, Devender Goyal, Luiz Fernando Capretz

Electrical and Computer Engineering Publications

This paper discusses further evaluations of the educational effectiveness of an existing CPU visual simulator (CPUVSIM). The CPUVSIM, as an Open Educational Resource, has been iteratively improved over a number of years following an Open Pedagogy approach, and was designed to enhance novices’ understanding of computer operation and mapping from high-level code to assembly language. The literature reports previous evaluations of the simulator, at K12 and undergraduate level, conducted from the perspectives of both developers and students, albeit with a limited sample size and primarily through qualitative methods. This paper describes additional evaluation activities designed to provide a more comprehensive …

256-Level Honey Memristor-Based In-Memory Neuromorphic System, Harshvardhan Uppaluru, Zoe Templin, Mohammed Rafeeq Khan, Md Omar Faruque, Feng Zhao, Jinhui Wang

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Promising synaptic behavior has been exhibited by memristors based on natural organic materials. Such memristor-based neuromorphic systems offer notable benefits, including environmental sustainability, low production and disposal costs, non-volatile storage capability, and bio/Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) compatibility. Here, a 256-level honey memristor-based neuromorphic system is experimentally evaluated for image recognition. In detail, first, 256-level honey memristors are manufactured and tested based on in-house technology; next, the non-linear characteristics and inherent variation of honey memristor devices, which lead to imprecise weight updates and limit the inference accuracy, are investigated. Experimental results indicate that the inference accuracy of the 256-level honey memristor-based neuromorphic …

Dual Base Sige Is-Hbt For Use In Biosensing Applications, Liam Stephen Hayes

Master's Theses

The proposed research is for a novel SiGe-based Ion-Sensitive Dual Hetero-junction Bipolar Transistor (IS-HBT) to be used in both trans-dermal biological sensing as well as Lab-on-Chip (LOC) applications. The end goals for the device designed are two: For one, the research done for this work will be used to substantiate the claims made by Zafar et al. [1] that an HBT-style structure is better suited for biosensing application rather than a conventional Field Effect Transistor (FET) based geometries. Secondly, it provides the final element to be integrated along with a selectivity membrane, as well as with a reverse-iontophoresis system to …

Design And Implementation Of An Inverted Short Baseline Acoustic Positioning System, Jakob Frabosilio

Master's Theses

This document details the design, implementation, testing, and analysis of an inverted short baseline acoustic positioning system. The system presented here is an above-water, air-based prototype for an underwater acoustic positioning system; it is designed to determine the position of remotely-operated underwater vehicles (ROVs) and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in the global frame using a method that does not drift over time.

A ground-truth positioning system is constructed using a stacked hexapod platform actuator, which mimics the motion of an AUV and provides the true position of an ultrasonic microphone array. An ultrasonic transmitter sends a pulse of sound towards …

Electromagnetic Theory And Applications, 2nd Edition, Nicholas Madamopoulos, George Kliros

Open Educational Resources

This book intends to provide both the fundamentals of Electromagnetics but also some practical applications of the concepts covered. Having taught electromagnetics for several years, the authors feel that many times the field of electromagnetics comes as “old” and often times students do not appreciate the concepts and their importance in everyday applications. The authors intend to accompany the EM concepts with life applications. Hence, students may see the direct impact of the knowledge they acquire through the study of the field of electromagnetics and better appreciate the field.

Design And Analysis Of Self-Tanked Stepwise Charging Circuit For Four-Phase Adiabatic Logic, William Morell, Jin Woo Choi

Michigan Tech Publications

Adiabatic logic has been proposed as a method for drastically reducing power consumption in specialized low-power circuits. They often require specialized clock drivers that also function as the main power supply, in contrast to standard CMOS logic, and these power clocks are often a point of difficulty in the design process. A novel, stepwise charging driver circuit for four-phase adiabatic logic is proposed and validated through a simulation study. The proposed circuit consists of two identical driver circuits each driving two opposite adiabatic logic phases. Its performance relative to ideal step-charging and a standard CMOS across mismatched phase loads is …

Scene Decomposed Blind Deconvolution And Neural Network Based Multi-Frame Image Restoration Techniques For Astronomical Imagery, Joshua S. Sprang

Theses and Dissertations

Ground based astronomical imaging is an important method in gaining situational awareness of orbiting and far off objects in space. This method of imaging is accessible to everyone that can look up into the sky, but the accessibility to digital telescope systems allows for more exciting methods of extracting information. A use case for these telescopes is finding nearby objects to larger brighter known objects. The number satellites in low-earth orbit and geosynchronous earth orbit is becoming more congested as these orbits increase in population. Tens of thousands of satellites and debris now exist in this orbit, with the number …

Paper-Recorded Ecg Digitization Method With Automatic Reference Voltage Selection For Telemonitoring And Diagnosis, Liang Hung Wang, Chao Xin Xie, Tao Yang, Hong Xin Tan, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Tsung Yi Chen, Pao Cheng Huang, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

In electrocardiograms (ECGs), multiple forms of encryption and preservation formats create difficulties for data sharing and retrospective disease analysis. Additionally, photography and storage using mobile devices are convenient, but the images acquired contain different noise interferences. To address this problem, a suite of novel methodologies was proposed for converting paper-recorded ECGs into digital data. Firstly, this study ingeniously removed gridlines by utilizing the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) spatial properties of ECGs. Moreover, this study introduced an innovative adaptive local thresholding method with high robustness for foreground–background separation. Subsequently, an algorithm for the automatic recognition of calibration square waves was proposed …

Design Frameworks For Ventilative Cooling: Perceptions From Building Design Practitioners In Ireland And The United Kingdom, Maha Sohail, Adam O'Donovan, Paul D. O'Sullivan

Publications

The global increase in building cooling demands poses a challenge for designers striving for net zero energy consumption. The prevalent use of mechanical cooling underscores the necessity for designers to consider Ventilative Cooling as a viable alternative in the early stages of building design. This paper presents findings from an exploratory survey and semi-structured interviews of industry experts in Ireland and the United Kingdom about their design processes and experienced-based approaches to designing Ventilative Cooling. The findings suggest that the pre-design stage has the same influence for promoting ventilative cooling strategies as the schematic and detailed design stages for practitioners, …

Performance Evaluation And Integration Of Distortion Mitigation Methods For Fisheye Video Object Detection, John Benedict Du, Gian Paolo Mayuga, Maria Leonora Guico

Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Faculty Publications

The distortion observed in fisheye cameras has proven to be a persistent challenge for numerous state-of-the-art object detection algorithms, instigating the development of various techniques aimed at mitigating this issue. This study aims to evaluate various methods for mitigating distortion in fisheye camera footage and their impact on video object detection accuracy and speed. Using Python, OpenCV, and third-party libraries, the researchers modified and optimized said methods for video input and created a framework for running and testing different distortion correction methods and object detection algorithm configurations. Through experimentation with different datasets, the study found that undistorting the image using …

Gamifying Energy Management: Leveraging Lokalytica Smartmeter For Sustainable Future, Emilio Roman Perez, King Harold A. Recto

Electronics, Computer, and Communications Engineering Faculty Publications

The gamification of software applications has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance user engagement and promote desired behaviors. This paper explores the gamification of the Lokalytica SmartMeter application, an energy management platform that leverages data from meter readings through its users. By incorporating a challenge-based system and a points-based leaderboard, Lokalytica rewards users who reduce their energy consumption. The gamification application of Lokalytica was built using NextJS, a full-stack framework, along with Tailwind CSS and DaisyUI for UI design, MongoDB Atlas for the database, and GitHub for version control, collaboration, and tracking. This paper discusses the development process, the …

Two-Dimensional Quantum Material Identification Via Self-Attention And Soft-Labeling In Deep Learning, Xuan Bac Nguyen, Apoorva Bisht, Benjamin Thompson, Hugh O.H. Churchill, Khoa Luu, Samee U. Khan

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detecting two-dimensional (2D) materials in silicon chips presents a significant challenge in the field of quantum machines due to the difficulty of data collection. Specifically, among thousands of flakes, not all flakes are useful or well-annotated, resulting in noisy and hard samples within the dataset, which challenges the deep neural network (DNN) to learn. To address this problem, we propose a novel method for identifying quantum 2D flakes even when there is a high rate of missing annotations in the input images. In particular, we first propose a new mechanism for automatically detecting false negative flakes that are missing annotations. …

An Analysis Of Electrical Energy Resilience Technologies As Applied To Air Force Operations, Eric D. Danko

Theses and Dissertations

An analysis of 46 Resilient Energy Devices and Technology Concepts was conducted to determine their suitability for use in supporting Air Force Operations both at home station and abroad. The research consisted of two endeavors: an extensive literature review and a rank-ordering matrix. The dual nature of the efforts was designed to maximize usability and understanding for the End User, who may not be familiar with some principles of energy technologies, resilience, or design. The results showed the superiority of novel Solid (Metal) Fuels and Lead-Acid Batteries for Energy Storage and Thermoelectric Generators, Solar Photovoltaic Panels, Geothermal Extraction, Diesel Generators, …

Machine Visual Perception For Autonomous Docking Maneuvers, Derek B. Worth

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation presents a novel approach to autonomous docking using machine learning for visual perception, particularly during probe and drogue aerial refueling. Autonomous vehicles have become pervasive in both civilian and defense sectors, and their ability to interact with their surroundings and each other autonomously is critical for future operations. Traditional methods relying on signals or inertial sensors face significant limitations such as interference, jamming, and drift. This research focuses on developing a computer vision-based solution to overcome these limitations. A novel pipeline, termed relative vectoring, is introduced, which utilizes dual object detection and machine learning to estimate relative positions …

Estimation Of Spo2 Levels And Heart Rate From Ppg Signals In The Presence Of Motion Artifacts, Chizhong Wang

Dissertations

In the rapidly advancing world of health technology, wearable devices are at the forefront, fundamentally changing how individuals monitor their health. The key to this transformation is photoplethysmography (PPG), a non-invasive optical method that measures blood flow variations through the skin by detecting changes in light absorption with each heartbeat. This capability makes PPG essential for monitoring vital signs such as heart rate and blood oxygen saturation(SpO₂). Furthermore, the utility of PPG signals has been extended beyond traditional health metrics to include human activity classification, offering a holistic perspective on an individual's physical health and activity levels, in …

Investigations On Structure-Related Properties Of Organic Inorganic Hybrid Materials For Multifunction, Anu Ranjani E Ms

Theses and Dissertations

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid halide perovskites have become a versatile material in diverse applications like optoelectronics, lighting and display, magnetism, etc. These materials are often termed as layered hybrid halide perovskites (LHHPs) due to their unique structure with alternate organic and inorganic layers. The presence of insulating organic layers separates the inorganic perovskite slabs, creating a quantum-confined architectural configuration. This unique configuration endows these materials with a spectrum of distinctive functionalities, encompassing photovoltaics, lighting and displays, second harmonic generation, optical limiting, ferroelectricity, and ferromagnetism. The exceptional attribute is that a single LHHP can respond autonomously to external stimuli, such as changes …

Deep Learning Technique For The Classification Of Stress Among The Students Using Physiological Biomarkers With A Hybrid Feature Approach, Rajendran Vg

Theses and Dissertations

Adolescence is a crucial part in life, and the presence of stress, anxiety, depression, and health issues during this stage is a great concern. This research aims to analyze and predict the cognitive stress in students during the examination period using EEG biomarkers. In this study, raw EEG data is acquired under two different experimental conditions, before and after examination, from 14 subjects with an eight-channel Enobio device. After preprocessing of the EEG signal, the brain rhythms such as theta, alpha, and beta sub-band energies and EEG band ratios such as neural activity, heart rate, arousal index, vigilance index and …

Remote Sensing Assessment Of Ionospheric Total Electron Content Over Thanjavur Gps Station Geomagnetic 2.91 N 152.22 E, Veera Kumar Maheswaran

Theses and Dissertations

A Global Positioning System (GPS) station for ionosphere studies was established during December 2019 in Thanjavur (Geographic 10.72◦ E, 79.01◦ N, Geomagnetic 2.91◦ N, 152.22◦ E). The study involved analysing Total Electron Content (TEC) data and correcting biases to estimate Slant Total Electron Content (STEC). STEC was then converted to Vertical Total Electron Content (VTEC), useful for space weather, navigation, surveying, and environmental monitoring.

During the course of our study, this Thanjavur station witnessed a Annular Solar eclipse of Dec-26, 2019. The Solar eclipses can impact ionospheric conditions, causing VTEC depletion. This study shows how the near-earth environment changes during …

Development Of Electrochemical Sensors For The Detection Of Pesticide Residues In Water, Indhu S

Theses and Dissertations

Intentional and unintentional events of pesticide poisoning and their accidental exposure have significantly raised the concerns of global organizations to classify these chemical compounds based on their toxicity, to assign permissible limits, and to appoint task force for periodic monitoring of their presence in water bodies.

In this context, researchers are continually seeking potential alternatives to develop water quality sensors with higher selectivity to obtain the desired performance during real-time assessment. Electrochemical sensors involving interface materials of distinguishing capacity at elevated matrix complexity are desirable. However, there remains a challenge in designing suitable techniques, methodologies, and appropriate validations to support …

Capacitive Sensors With Ultra-Small Capacitance For Smart Measurement And Control Systems, Rustam Baratov, Farrux Jabbor O'G'Li Ko'charov

Chemical Technology, Control and Management

This article discusses methods of low capacitance measurement of capacitive sensors. The results of the study of the amplitude-frequency (AF) and phase-frequency (PF) response of measurement circuits of capacitive sensors for low capacitances measurement, consisting of RC - differentiating elements are presented. The input and output parameters of the differentiating circuit and the complex transfer function are analyzed. The research results show that low capacitances measurement by measuring the rectangular pulses duration is the most effective measurement method.