Delegated Gender Diversity, Hao Liang, Cara Vansteenkiste

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We revisit the value implications of female representation on boards by exploiting the board diversity campaign announcement by Norges Bank Investment Management (NBIM)—the world’s largest sovereign wealth fund. In February 2021, NBIM required its portfolio firms to have at least 30% female directors. Using NBIM’s announcement as a shock to investor expectations about female board representation, we document significantly positive returns for firms with a female director shortfall, concentrated in firms with low institutional ownership. Consistent with an investor demand view of board gender diversity, we find that these firms experienced a greater increase in ownership by socially responsible institutional …

Introduction To The Business Of Sustainability: An Organizing Framework For Theory, Practice And Impact, Gerard George, Martine R. Haas, Havovi Heerjee Joshi, Anita M. Mcgahan, Paul Tracey

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Human activity needs to become sustainable, and businesses have a massive role to play in it. Important progress has occurred. The Coronavirus pandemic has reinforced the importance of sustainability and resilience. Businesses have become champions of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), both by integrating them into their core activities and by developing strategies and metrics to achieve them. Despite this progress, more must be done to achieve sustainability targets on a timetable that is relevant. While the narratives of businesses are often exciting, their follow-through with implementation remains limited. So too is information on successful practices, conceptual knowledge …

To Buy Green Or Not To Buy Green: Do Structural Dependencies Block Ecological Responsiveness?, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx, Teemu Kautonen, Henri Hakata

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Despite the significant increase in interest in sustainable business practices, decisions on switching to more environmentally friendly input materials are understudied. In a conjoint experiment, we presented 267 Finnish manufacturing firms with an opportunity to acquire an alternative, more ecological input material and investigated their willingness to switch to that material. We find that in general, firms are willing to substitute their current principal input with a more ecological alternative under conditions of functional parity. However, such willingness is contingent on the firm’s value creation structures. Specifically, if the products and processes driving the firm’s value creation rely more on …

Impact Assessment And Measurement With Sustainable Development Goals, Hao Liang, David Fernandez, Mikkel Larsen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

With the rapid growth of sustainable and responsible investment and widespread adoption of the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) reporting and integration by organizations, how to assess and measure ESG impact has become a critical issue. Although the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a useful framework for investors and organizations globally to align their standards, the SDGs are vague on how to implement them at an organizational or activity level. Current practice relies heavily on third-party ESG rating providers, whose scores mostly apply to public equities only. They also suffer from biases, inconsistencies, and a lack of sufficient disclosure. …

Strategic Event Planning In Hospitality: The Need To Recommit, Post Covid, Nancy Hutson

Journal of Global Hospitality and Tourism

This viewpoint suggests that recharging the hospitality industry in post-pandemic world is a critical issue. The author discusses several steps towards having a strategic event plan in place within hospitality establishments, that can strive to regain, and potentially surpass, pre-Covid attendance and profits. These steps include (1) understanding who the guest currently is and who we want to encourage for further visits, (2) knowing the current market and what events might stimulate the attendance, and (3) identifying when an event is needed to boost visitation and profitability. The author also puts forward several research questions throughout the viewpoint.

The Impact Of Geopolitical Risk On Corporate Investment: Evidence From Turkish Firms, Omer Faruk Tan, Hakan Cavlak, Yasin Cebeci, Necati Güneş

The Indonesian Capital Market Review

This study analyzes the effects of geopolitical risk on the corporate investment of 164 Turkish manufacturing firms listed in Borsa Istanbul (BIST). The time covers the period from 2005 to 2019, applying the system Generalized Methods of Moments (GMM) estimator. The results indicate that geopolitical risk hurts corporate investment in Turkey. Under uncertainty induced by geographical risk, firms prefer to decline their investment. Additionally, financially constrained (non-dividend, small, young) firms are more negatively affected than financially unconstrained firms. Our findings are robust under alternative measures of geopolitical risk. Overall, this study reveals that geopolitical risk is a significant uncertainty affecting …

How To Attract The Library Visitors? The Role Of Csr At The Library, Library Image, Customer Value, And Loyalty To The Library: Evidence From Indonesia, Sri Hartini, Masmira Kurniawati, Jovi Sulistiawan, Muhammad Ihwanudin

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study focuses on the impact of CSR on the library’s performance in collaboration with CSR programs. Using the purposive sampling method, the sample was 350 library service users in Indonesia. Data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire distributed on social media. SEM-PLS was used to analyze five hypotheses, which were accepted. This study indicates that CSR in the library is significantly positively related to library image, customer value, and loyalty. In addition, library image and customer value are positively related to library visitor loyalty. Currently, the social responsibility literature is only limited to the customer perspective, and not …

Qualitative Findings From The Practice Of Outsourcing By The Aviation Technical Services Industry In Northern Europe: Comparison With Literature, Jukka Holkeri

Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering

The outsourcing of maintenance and other technical services is a trend in both military and civil aviation. This article uses input from real outsourcing cases in Northern Europe to verify previous literature findings and to introduce new viewpoints to fill an identified research gap.

Interviews of deeply involved individuals from six cases were selected and analyzed using the Delphi method. The findings were synthesized using a framework that articulates contexts, observed outcomes, and generative mechanisms.

Many of the key literature findings were verified by this case analysis, but there were also some contradictions and new observations that had not been …

Target Costing As A Integrated Entrance For Management Cost And Achieving Competitive Advantage For Industrial Institution, Essa Tarawneh, Baker Al Tarawneh

Al Jinan الجنان

This research has to address the concept of Target Costing as one of the cost accounting inputs, and to show the goals of the cost strategy to serve the modern strategic management, especially in a market dominated by a lot of strong and sharp competition which force the companies to improve their competitive position and competitive advantage through a number of possible strategies to achieve this, including the command and leadership in the area of calculating cost and planning

Qalo: When Is It Time To Exit?, Jeff Cohu

Faculty Publications

The case follows the origin story of the startup company QALO from its inception and launch through the first few years of scaling up the business to a potential exit decision by a co-founder. The case is intended to be used in undergraduate entrepreneurship or sales and marketing courses at the junior and senior level. The case is designed to illustrate the challenges of scaling a fast-growing startup and to evaluate the options of a founder's exit strategy. The case is useful to demonstrate concepts such as lean startup methodology, sales channel selection, startup business model development, and exit strategy …

Play, Not Pay. Learn Languages The Duolingo Way, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

A Carnegie Mellon University Professor, who is also the creator of CAPTCHA and RECAPTCHA, wants to give everyone equal access to education through free lessons on a mobile app. He is Luis von Ahn

Chapter 10: Improving Organizational Commitment To Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, And Belonging, Abeni El-Amin Ph.D.

Management Faculty Publications

This chapter aims to provide useful information about the implementation of diversity equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) to improve organizational performance. This chapter provides a conceptual framework for organizational leaders who desire additional awareness and knowledge regarding the nature, extent, and impact of diverse employees’ barriers. Further, the purpose of this endeavor is to demonstrate that the persistent lack of recruitment, promotion, and retention of diverse employees is due to systemic, structural, organizational, institutional, cultural, and societal obstacles. Further, the theory of generative interactions (TGI) supports how obstacles must be acknowledged and eliminated through increased awareness of the issues linked …

Chapter 7: The Business Case For Implementing A Diversity And Inclusion Quality-Based Strategy, Abeni El-Amin Ph.D.

Management Faculty Publications

Diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging (DEIB) strategy consists of theories, concepts, and methods that managers can use to ensure organizations achieve profitability and long-term growth. A DEIB strategy utilizing quality management principles helps leaders make better decisions to improve competitive position and create value for its key stakeholders. This chapter provides managers and leaders a perspective on organizational development. Further, DEIB strategic thinking applies to organizations regardless of their activities. This chapter introduces DEIB leaders to the main theories, concepts, and models of strategic analysis from a quality perspective and emphasizes their role in diversity management practices.

Preface: Implementing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, And Belonging Management In Organizational Change Initiatives, Abeni El-Amin Ph.D.

Management Faculty Publications

Implementing Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging Management in Organizational Change Initiatives is an indispensable reference source that provides an interdisciplinary perspective of how issues and challenges pertaining to Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging Management (DEIB) affect organizational performance. Additionally, there has been a fundamental shift in the importance of DEIB initiatives in organizations. Further, as leaders navigate change management, they must ask themselves critical questions: what went right, wrong, and what can be improved? Leaders must encourage stakeholders’ to openly share their experiences when DEIB issues arise. Leaders may find challenges engaging stakeholders’ due to a myriad of concerns yet …

Positive Psychological Capital To Help Combat The Mental Health Fallout From The Pandemic And Vuca Environment, Fred Luthans, Julie Dyrdek Broad

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

The major purpose of this article is to provide valuable insights and specific guidelines into how the now established “Positive Psychological Capital” or simply PsyCap can help prevent, treat, and sustainably recover from the current mental health global challenges. Specifically, we propose and demonstrate how PsyCap can play a realistic alternative, supplementary, non-stigma role in fighting the dramatically increasing mental illness due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the VUCA (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) environment. Moreover, our hope is the evidence based PsyCap perspective and approach presented in this article will have a spillover effect on improving performance and especially well-being …

9253y: Investigation Of A Ce Labelling Strategy For Mri Electromagnetic Field Probes, Erica Ai Li, Sherjeel Anwar, Shoubhik Pandit, Sinthuja Thiruchelvam, Tristan Hilker

Community Engaged Learning Final Projects

Executive Summary

As a business grows, there is pressure to expand into new markets, which led to this review. This report is connection with a company that aims to meet the MRI testing needs of its clients. The purposes of this review are (1) to assess the requirements for CE labeling certification and (2) to evaluate the European and the international markets.

Purpose 1: Requirements for CE certification

To obtain CE labeling, there is a need to follow the procedures outlined in the Measuring Instruments Directive. This includes meeting the essential requirements of reproducibility, repeatability, discrimination and sensitivity, durability, reliability, …

The Acquisition Of Capabilities: How Firms Use Dynamic And Ordinary Capabilities To Manage Uncertainty, Kris Irwin, Collin Gilstrap, Paul Drnevich, Manoj Sunny

Management Faculty Publications

How organizations utilize capabilities to achieve competitive advantage and improve performance has received an abundance of scholarly attention. Both ordinary and dynamic capabilities (DC) enable organizations to achieve higher performance when leveraged appropriately and under favorable conditions. The complexity of an organization's motives for why and how different capabilities are acquired drives us further to explore what complementarities organizations might achieve and under what contexts. Specifically, we explore how firms engaging in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to acquire dynamic and/or ordinary capabilities experience different market reactions and levels of short- and long-run value creation given environmental uncertainty. Our results support …

Firm Resources, Strategies, And Survival And Growth During Covid-19: Evidence From Two-Wave Global Surveys, Sheng Fang, Chorching Goh, Shaomin Li, L. Colin Xu

Management Faculty Publications

This study examines how firms have made strategic choices and performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the organizational resources and strategic change literature, it uses World Bank Enterprise Surveys and the COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys to examine how different endowments in organizational resources affected firm performance as measured by their survival status and sales growth, and how these resources interact with and affect strategic responses in the supply of inputs, response to changing demand, liquidity management, and innovation. The results indicate that larger firms, firms with foreign or state ownership, and subsidiary companies performed better during the pandemic by …

How A Supply Chain Stumble Changes A Company’S Policies And Progress 20 Years Later: A Case Study Of Gap Inc., Alexandra Futterman

CMC Senior Theses

Gap Inc. is the third-largest American retailer. Founded in 1969, Gap Inc. holds four brands, Gap, Banana Republic, Old Navy and Athleta. In the late 1990s and early 2000s Gap Inc. made headlines for child labor abuses along with many other large brands. After this negative attention, Gap Inc. began developing policies and practices to combat ethical supply chain issues. These policies included a Human Rights Policy, a Code of Vendor Conduct, working conditions standards, and even capacity building programs that boarded company reaches into communities they touch. In conjunction with the policies Gap Inc. has published several social responsibility …

Interlocking Directorates Among The S&P 500: Social Networks, Gender Diversity, And Corporate Governance, Eric P. Magistad

School of Business Student Theses and Dissertations

This multi-article investigation examines corporate board composition and the implications for regulatory penalties. Director diversity on key board committees and board interlocks influence board behaviors as they relate to regulatory risk. Directors bring experience and inter-industry ties to a board position and subsequently transfer and receive specific knowledge, practices, and contacts with other directors (Hillman & Haynes, 2010). Despite this exchange, firms may suffer regulatory oversight penalties because different directors perceive and respond to risk differently (Douglas & Wildavsky, 1983; Flynn et al., 1994). Leveraging the tenets of the cultural theory of risk perception (Douglas & Wildavsky, 1983) and of …

Merit Versus Maleness: How Strategic Positioning Can Mitigate External Gender Bias, Rachel Mui, Owen Parker, Varkey K. Titus Jr.

Department of Management: Faculty Publications

Despite the proactive efforts of many firms to combat gender bias within their organizations, societal prejudices still disadvantage women leaders and the firms who employ them. This external gender bias shapes outside stakeholder evaluations of women leaders’ efforts in various ways, and firms need strategies to cope with this external gender bias. We examine the conditions that might alleviate this burden of external bias and what women leaders and top executives can do to leverage these conditions—from a strategic positioning perspective—that will effectively allow female leaders to differentiate their work. To do this, we synthesize and build upon evidence that …

A Research On The Innovative Performance Of Clustering Enterprises In Industrial Parks: Evidence From Shenzhen, China, Jiangong Bai

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

How about the innovation performance of enterprises clustered in the industrial parks? This is the core question of this study. Based on the thinking and evolution of the question, this study will focus on the impact of industrial agglomeration on enterprise innovation performance with enterprise relations and informal institution as intermediate variables.

In this study, Shenzhen, as a city of innovation, is selected as the research area where sample parks and enterprises can be investigated to obtain data. This study constructs and measures the strength of informal institution and enterprise innovation performance through grounded theory and fuzzy matter-element method, evaluates …

Managing Information For Innovation Using Knowledge Integration Capability: The Role Of Boundary Spanning Objects, Chandan Acharya, Divesh Ojha, Rahul Gokhale, Pankaj Patel

Publications and Research

Knowledge Integration (KI) or the capability to collate and process distinctive stocks of organizational information is central to innovation. Although an essential capability, KI is also challenging to accomplish in practice due to relational obstacles. The relational obstacles arise because of knowledge boundaries: (a) syntactic boundary where the challenge is to transfer the knowledge; (b) semantic boundary where the challenge is to translate the knowledge; and (c) pragmatic boundary, where the challenge is to transform the knowledge to realize relational rents. In this paper, we propose that these relational obstacles could be resolved through a common lexicon, common meaning, and …

Partnering For Value Perfection And Business Sustainability In The Cloud Services Brokerage Market, Richard Shang, Robert John Kauffman

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The cloud computing and services market has advanced in the past ten years. They now include most IT services from fundamental computing to cutting-edge AI capabilities. With the widespread adoption of cloud services, clients are facing the fact that they are utilizing cloud resources at a sub-optimal level. Cloud services brokers (CSBs) grew from the market to fill the needs for cloud resource management and risk mitigation. Based on analysis of the cloud market and the case of cloud services brokerage and related activities in North America, we offer theoretical analysis for how value creation works, its impacts on the …

Organizational Networks, And Management Of Disruptions In The Airline Ground Operation Process During Seasonal Crises, Gökhan Tanrıverdi, Senem Besler

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

This study focuses on informal relationships between airlines and suppliers in managing disruptions in the airline ground operation process during peak times in the summer seasons. In this context, the study investigates the change between actors’ formal and informal networks after they face disruptions in the airline ground operation process and their informal exchanges in this process. Antalya Airport was chosen as the research area since it is a leader airport for especially non-scheduled flights during the summer seasons in Turkey. The study was carried out as network research and the network data were collected through face-to-face meetings with actors …

How Does Firm Scope Depend On Customer Switching Costs? Evidence From Mobile Telecommunications Markets, Niloofar Abolfathi, Simone Santamaria, Charles Williams

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the relative advantages of single-product and multiproduct firms following changes in customer switching costs. Whereas a single-product firm can closely tailor offerings to customers' needs, a multiproduct firm can create value for customers in the form of flexibility, allowing them to change between product varieties as preferences evolve without needing to switch providers. We argue that this value-creation mechanism is more effective when customers face high switching costs and explore this prediction in the mobile telecommunications sector, using an exogenous policy change (mobile number portability) that suddenly decreases customer switching costs. Our results reveal that when customer …

Ideological Boundaries Of Status Advantages: Legislative Effectiveness In The House Of Representatives In The United States Congress, Francois Collet, Gianluca Carnabuci, Gokhan Ertug, Tengjian Zou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Prior research assumes that high-status actors have greater organizational influence than lower-status ones, that is, it is easier for the former to get their ideas and initiatives adopted by the organization than it is for the latter. Drawing from the literature on ideology, we posit that the status-influence link is contingent on actors’ ideological position. Specifically, status confers organizational influence to the degree that the focal actor is ideologically mainstream. The more an actor’s ideology deviates from the mainstream the less will her status translate into increased organizational influence. We find support for this hypothesis using data on the work …

What Does Homophily Do? A Review Of The Consequences Of Homophily, Gokhan Ertug, Julia Brennecke, Balaza Kovacs, Tengjian Zou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Understanding the consequences of homophily, which is among the most widely observed social phenomena, is important, with implications for management theory and practice. Therefore, we review management research on the consequences of homophily. As the consequences of homophily have been studied at the individual, dyad, team, organizational, and macro levels, we structure our review accordingly. We highlight findings that are consistent and contradictory, as well as those that point to boundary conditions or moderators. In conducting our review, we also derive implications for management research from insights gained by research in other disciplines on this topic. We raise specific issues …

Outsourcing Climate Change, Rui Dai, Rui Duan, Hao Liang, Lilian Ng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines whether and how firms combat climate change. Our study provides robust evidence that firms outsource part of their carbon emissions to foreign suppliers and shows how internal and external stakeholders significantly shape firms' environmental policies. Furthermore, firms tend to seek a foreign supplier and decrease their emission abatement efforts as pressure to reduce domestic emissions intensifies. These firms are also less incentivized to develop green technologies. Finally, we find that outsourcing emissions has real and economic consequences, with investors demanding a higher carbon premium for their exposures to carbon risks associated with increased outsourced emissions.

Factors Influencing The Decision Of Granting Credit At Commercial Banks In Jenin Governorate, Zakaria Al-Jamal

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

Banks perform many activities and functions and the most important function is the credit granted to current or prospective clients. This function will be profitable if it is managed by the credit department properly in terms of several factors .The decision of granting credit in banks is usually complicated and difficult, perhaps because the results of the credit decision only appear after a relatively long period of time. Therefore, understanding the determinants of credit risk plays a crucial role in the financial stability of the banks and decision of granting credit. The study aimed to identify the factors influencing …