Strategic Management Policy Commons^™

Board Attributes, Firm Performance, And The Moderating Role Of National Culture: A Meta-Analysis, Matthew Farrell, Chris H. Willis, Nathapon Siangchokyoo, Ryan L. Klinger, Jamil Kreugel, Hami Usta, Timiry R. Tian, Ying Thaviphoke, Samuel Wilson

Management Faculty Publications

Research Question/Issue

The impact of board structures on firm performance remains a contentious governance topic with competing theoretical paradigms and inconclusive empirical support. Scholars propose that national culture could reconcile contradictory evidence; yet, argumentation is fragmented and direct tests are rare. We meta‐analyzed 513 samples across 54 countries to examine relationships between board structures (i.e., board size, board independence, and CEO duality) and firm performance. We model national culture, using Hofstede's six cultural dimensions, as moderators to test whether these relationships align with agency or stewardship theory across different cultural settings.

Research findings/insights

Findings indicate a substantial moderating role of …

The Fox Versus The Hedgehog: Firm Survival During Unprecedented Crises, Sheng Fang, Shaomin Li, Liu Wang

Management Faculty Publications

This paper examines how sales channel diversification influences firm resilience during the COVID crisis. Drawing on a series of logit regressions analyzing 11,662 firms across 31 developing countries, we find that firms embodying an open mind-set and a diverse array of sales channels, akin to foxes, are more likely to survive, as compared to their hedgehog counterparts, which focus on one particular task. Our mediation analysis suggests that this is mainly due to their faster growth in sales and exports. Moreover, we find that the impact of fox-like traits on firm survival is moderated by female leadership and corporate innovation.

Beyond Price: How Platform Power Shapes Demand Allocation In Online Hotel Channels, Ling Ling, Timothy Webb, Zvi Schwartz

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Rate disparity remains a widely used but poorly understood pricing strategy in the hotel industry. While previous research generally assumes that lower prices shift demand toward less expensive channels, this study investigates whether such effects occur in practice. Using high-frequency booking and pricing data from five full-service hotels across multiple online travel agencies (OTAs), we analyze how rate disparity relates to the distribution of demand across channels. The findings show that the impact of price differences is limited, highly non-linear, and strongly dependent on contextual factors. Channel market power and hotel-specific characteristics seem to play a more significant role than …

Alert During What? Beyond The "Big O" To A Culturally-Cognizant, Process View Of Entrepreneurial Alertness, Robert J. Pidduck, Daniel R. Clark

Management Faculty Publications

Entrepreneurial alertness is a psychological aptitude generally associated with aspects of nascent venturing, centered on individuals' environmental observations, the association of resources, and idea evaluation. A decade following the Tang et al. (2012) consensus construct and scale, critiques remain questioning its utility and unique value to the major conversations in entrepreneurship. Proponents put great emphasis on entrepreneurial alertness's proven association with opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial actions. Yet, critics suggest it might be an unnecessary step offering little more than a positive association with opportunity recognition in a highly generalized and static way. The purpose of this paper is to address …

The Motives For Mergers And Acquisitions And Their Implications For Research And Practice, Kris Irwin, Craig Armstrong, Paul Drnevich, Mario Schijven

Management Faculty Publications

Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) have long intrigued scholars given their size, complexity, and frequent failure. Despite an extensive body of research on M&A, a key limitation in M&A research is the lack of focus on the motives underpinning acquisitions, which may explain frequent mixed and inconclusive results. Much of the existing literature struggles to fully capture the complex and multifaceted nature of these motives, limiting the ability to draw consistent conclusions. In this paper, we review academic and practical perspectives on M&A motives, highlighting both discrepancies and methodological challenges. Our key contributions include a comparison of theoretical and practical insights, …

Utilizing Artificial Intelligence As A Strategic Risk Management Tool For Public Sector Operations And Auditing Processes, Oğuz Ümit Tamer, Bruce D. Mcdonald Iii, Farouk Hemici, Georgia Kontogeorga

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

Symbolizing a significant turning point in the historical landscape, AI is becoming an effective tool in today's public administration, not only for increasing capacity, quality, and speed in services, but also for strategic risk management. Regulators and algorithmic auditing play a central role in implementing fairness, transparency, and persistent controls against risks in AI systems. Discussing modern applications of AI, such as anomaly-based fraud detection, resource estimation, and continuous auditing, and their respective strengths and weaknesses, this study concludes that AI significantly enhances efficiency and oversight but also poses the risk of enshrining bias, opacity, and accountability gaps. By considering …

Exploring Clustering Patterns In Msmes And Large Enterprises In Maharashtra: Analyzing Industrial Dynamics Using Cluster Coefficient And Other Economic Indicators, Priyanshu Bist

2024 REYES Proceedings

The paper discusses an attempt to explore and assess the economic clustering in Maharashtra by focusing on the MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) and large enterprises in six major districts, namely Konkan, Nashik, Pune, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur. Cluster coefficients, total number of workers, and other economic indicators of units were considered to understand how industries are spread and perform regionally. Our research was a combination of exploratory and descriptive research, ensuring the data to be garnered had already been collected from the reports and records of the governments concerned and of industries. This entails that we have a …

Slack, Location, Diversification, Or R&D Intensity? How The Most (And Least) Innovative Firms Deploy Resources, Jamil Kreugel, Matthew Farrell, Chris H. Willis

College of Business (Strome) Posters

Firms frequently innovate by recombining knowledge components. Through bringing together diverse scientific or technological concepts, firms can reassemble these extant knowledge components into novel and useful innovations. At the same time, many of the mechanisms firms use to recombine knowledge components carry substantial agency costs. When firms conduct research and development, diversify, hold slack resources, or locate near close competitors, they become vulnerable to misappropriation of investor resources due to opportunistic actions by agents. Using patent citation data from semiconductor firms, we study how firms, which consistently produce high-quality innovations, balance the need for knowledge recombination with the need to …

Cluster Typologies And Firm Survival: Complementary And Substitutive Effects, Chris H. Willis, Matthew Farrell, Hami Usta

College of Business (Strome) Posters

Agglomerations, or "clusters," are typically defined as the idea that firms can benefit from shared locations through mutual knowledge, labor pools, and suppliers, and have long been a subject of scholarly interest. However, research in geographic economics has identified a broad array of agglomeration externalities beyond such supply-side clusters, which problematizes the use of the term "cluster" to refer to any geographic grouping of firms. Clusters can be groups of firms from the same country ("country-of-origin" clusters), demand side (clustering to lower search costs for customers), Jacobsian clusters (tight groups of diverse firms), internal (groupings of firms from the same …

Will Networks In Military Life Influence Veteran’S Entrepreneurial Intention? Institutional Impacts On Transitional Entrepreneurship, Jamil Kreugel, Timiry R. Tian, Nicklous Salzman, Jing Zhang

College of Business (Strome) Posters

This research studies how military and civilian networks influence military veteran’s perceived resource acquisition and consequently their entrepreneurial intention (EI). Building on social network theory and institutional theory, we argue that the effects of a network consisting of military ties may be more limited than its civilian counterpart in increasing veteran’s EI. The institutional gap between military and civilian life increases the difficulty of making the transition and therefore disconnects the link between one’s military network and their EI via resource acquisition. Using questionnaire survey data collected from 261 veteran students in a public university in the US, we found …

What Has Digital Transformation Changed? A Chinese Case Study Of Hidden Costs Using A Socio-Economic Approach To Management, Tony Huang, Emmanuel Monod, Alan Eisner, Helaine Korn, Yuewei Jiang, Bin Bai, Samuel Wilson

Management Faculty Publications

Digital transformation is regarded as a way to solve business problems in an organisation. However, the impact on the company’s hidden costs should also be more precisely analysed. This research relies on the socio-economic approach to management to describe the impact of digital transformation maturity growth on hidden costs in a Chinese manufacturing company. This paper combines the case study research method with some quantitative techniques by conducting correlation analyses of staff turnover, low-quality work and occupational injuries and diseases. The results indicate that digital transformation maturity growth is correlated with the financial consequences of staff’s excess salary in terms …

Social Movements And Institutional Entrepreneurship As Facilitators Of Technology Transition: The Case Of Free/Open-Source Software, Sanjay Jain, Habib A. Islam, Martin C. Goossen, Anil Nair

Management Faculty Publications

We integrate insights from the literature on social movements and institutional entrepreneurship into the strategic niche management (SNM) and multilevel perspective (MLP) frameworks to understand the emergence of Linux, a free/open-source operating system, in a regime dominated by proprietary operating systems such as Unix and Windows NT. Employing a “microhistories” methodology, we document how actors in the free/open-source movement took steps that enabled an alternate technological niche to form, gain momentum and eventually infiltrate the extant regime. Our account delineates the key role that actors play in shaping the identity of a niche, amplifying its presence, and finally mainstreaming it. …

The Acquisition Of Capabilities: How Firms Use Dynamic And Ordinary Capabilities To Manage Uncertainty, Kris Irwin, Collin Gilstrap, Paul Drnevich, Manoj Sunny

Management Faculty Publications

How organizations utilize capabilities to achieve competitive advantage and improve performance has received an abundance of scholarly attention. Both ordinary and dynamic capabilities (DC) enable organizations to achieve higher performance when leveraged appropriately and under favorable conditions. The complexity of an organization's motives for why and how different capabilities are acquired drives us further to explore what complementarities organizations might achieve and under what contexts. Specifically, we explore how firms engaging in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) to acquire dynamic and/or ordinary capabilities experience different market reactions and levels of short- and long-run value creation given environmental uncertainty. Our results support …

Firm Resources, Strategies, And Survival And Growth During Covid-19: Evidence From Two-Wave Global Surveys, Sheng Fang, Chorching Goh, Shaomin Li, L. Colin Xu

Management Faculty Publications

This study examines how firms have made strategic choices and performed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on the organizational resources and strategic change literature, it uses World Bank Enterprise Surveys and the COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys to examine how different endowments in organizational resources affected firm performance as measured by their survival status and sales growth, and how these resources interact with and affect strategic responses in the supply of inputs, response to changing demand, liquidity management, and innovation. The results indicate that larger firms, firms with foreign or state ownership, and subsidiary companies performed better during the pandemic by …

Effective Project Management And The Role Of Quality Assurance Throughout The Project Life Cycle, Monier Madison Ouabira, Hengameh Fakhravar

Engineering Management & Systems Engineering Faculty Publications

Quality is a fundamental requirement in effective project management. Effective project management entails a steady focus on quality management as well as achievement of all user requirements as defined during the requirements engineering phase of project implementation. Quality assurance must be executed throughout the project development cycle as a new normal in reducing errors and challenges during project development. Conducting quality assurance throughout the project development cycle has many benefits to both the project as well as the project development team. Understanding the research approach to use is critical in achieving high-quality findings in projects. There is a need to …

Technological Innovation Research: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach, Yu Sun, Zhaoyuan Yu, Ling Li, Yong Chen, Mikhail Yu Kataev, Haiqing Yu, Hecheng Wang

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

The paper explores the relationship among technological innovation, technological trajectory transition, and firms’ innovation performance. Technological innovation is studied from the perspectives of innovation novelty and innovation openness. Technological trajectory transition is categorized into creative cumulative technological trajectory transition and creative disruptive technological trajectory transition. A structural equation model is developed and tested with data collected by surveying 366 Chinese firms. The results indicate that both innovation novelty and innovation openness positively affects creative cumulative technological trajectory transition as well as creative disruptive technological trajectory transition. Innovation openness and creative disruptive technological trajectory transition both positively affect firms’ innovation performance. …

An Attention-Based View Of Strategic Human Resource Management, Soo-Hoon Lee

Management Faculty Publications

In spite of the designation, research in strategic human resource management (SHRM) has largely focused on tactical rather than strategic issues. These studies have attempted to explain whether firm performance is associated with “best-practice” or “best-fit” human resource management (HRM) practices. The focus on internally consistent (horizontal fit) HRM practices is better characterized as tactical implementation than as strategic formulation. In the latter, HRM leads rather than follows the firm’s long-term responses to shifts in the firm’s competitive and market environment. In this paper, I propose an attention-based view of the firm to reframe SHRM research and policy to support …

Nonprofit Capacity To Manage Hurricane-Pandemic Threat: Local And National Perspectives On Resilience During Covid-19, Nicole S. Hutton, Steven W. Mumford, Marina Saitgalina, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf, Joshua G. Behr, Rafael Diaz, John J. Kiefer

Political Science & Geography Faculty Publications

This paper examines nonprofits' capacity for responding to simultaneous hurricane-pandemic threat, addressing: (1) strategies nonprofits use to deliver services during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) how natural hazards may affect nonprofit roles in emergency service delivery during a pandemic. Data come from a survey of New Orleans-based nonprofits demonstrating effects of pandemic on local nonprofit service delivery, and workshops with U.S. coastal community stakeholders exploring expectations for nonprofit roles in emergency operations nationwide. Nonprofits have applied resilient strategies including virtual operations, staff reductions, and funding diversification, but vulnerabilities remain. Findings guide a research agenda for building nonprofit and community resilience.

Two Essays On Negotiations Between Entrepreneurs And Angel Investors, Aydin Selim Oksoy

Theses and Dissertations in Business Administration

This dissertation has two essays examining negotiations between entrepreneurs and angel investors. In Essay 1, I study the dual roles of equity from the angel investor’s perspective, where the equity position sought in an embryonic firm creates two concerns. The first concern relates to the risks involved in generating returns from the initial capital investment. The second is a governance concern due to the challenges involved in managing future interactions between the firm and its environment. Because the angel investor is beholden to the entrepreneur for the proper execution of the embryonic firm’s strategy, this governance concern involves incentivizing the …

Regime Type And Covid-19 Response, Ilan Alon, Matthew Farrell, Shaomin Li

Management Faculty Publications

From late 2019 to the first half of 2020, the world has witnessed the epic spread and destruction of the novel coronavirus which was discovered in Wuhan, China. The huge number of infections and deaths caused by the virus, the collapse of the healthcare system and the economic consequences have few modern equivalents. While governments of all countries are responding to the pandemic, a heated debate rages about which political system, democracy versus authoritarian, is better positioned to respond to the pandemic. While the worldwide effort to contain the virus continues, we offer a preliminary comparison between democracies and authoritarian …

Greenfield Or M&A? An Institutional And Learning Perspective On The Establishment Mode Choice Of Chinese Outward Investments, Ilan Alon, Stefano Elia, Shaomin Li

Management Faculty Publications

We develop and test a model of Chinese greenfield investments using institutional and learning theories. Both the host country institutional context and the firm's international characteristics affect the establishment mode. Using 152 Chinese emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) with 401 subsidiaries distributed in 26 countries from 2003 to 2013, we build a database of 284 pairs of host country/Chinese firms to test two hypotheses. We find that, first, governance environment affects the establishment mode: greenfield investments are preferred over acquisitions in relation-based host markets, and M&As are preferred in rule-based countries. Second, the depth of Chinese EMNEs' international experience (i.e. the …

The Arlington Way: Public Engagement As A Community Expectation, Ron Carlee

School of Public Service Faculty Publications

(First Paragraph) Civic engagement had long been deeply embedded in the DNA of Arlington County, Virginia, by the time I began working there in 1980. This commitment to engagement came to be known as the “Arlington Way.”

Corporate Governance Deviance, Ruth V. Aguilera, William Q. Judge, Siri A. Terjesen

Management Faculty Publications

We develop the concept of corporate governance deviance and seek to understand why, when, and how a firm adopts governance practices that do not conform to the dominant governance logic. Drawing on institutional theory, coupled with both the entrepreneurship and corporate governance literature, we advance a middle-range theory of the antecedents of corporate governance deviance that considers both the institutional context and firm-level agency. Specifically, we highlight the centrality of a firm's entrepreneurial identity as it interacts with the national governance logic to jointly create corporate governance discretion (i.e., the latitude of accessible governance practices) within the firm. We argue …

Event-Driven Simulation Of The State Institution Activity For The Service Provision Based On Business Processes, M. Yu. Kataev, N. V. Loseva, A. A. Mitsel, L. A. Bulysheva, S. V. Kozlov

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

The paper presents an approach, based on business processes, assessment and control of the state of the state institution, the social insurance Fund. The paper describes the application of business processes, such as items with clear measurable parameters that need to be determined, controlled and changed for management. The example of one of the business processes of the state institutions, which shows the ability to solve management tasks, is given. The authors of the paper demonstrate the possibility of applying the mathematical apparatus of imitative simulation for solving management tasks.

Knowledge Development Approaches And Breakthrough Innovations In Technology-Based New Firms, Dzidziso Samuel Kamuriwo, Charles Baden-Fuller, Jing Zhang

Management Faculty Publications

Compared to large established firms, technology-based new firms (TBNF) seem well placed to produce breakthrough innovations although questions remain as to their adeptness at subsequent exploitation. Building on the innovation and strategy literatures, the study identifies two different knowledge-development approaches or modes (business models) in TBNFs—internal versus external—and examines their relation to breakthrough innovation and subsequent progression of the product to market. The internal mode assembles knowledge inside the firm to generate its innovations, whereas the external mode relies heavily on alliances to develop and assemble knowledge among firms embedded in a creative network. The study uses a unique panel …

Corruption May Worsen In Democratizing Economies: But Don't Let It Erode Our Faith In Democracy, Shaomin Li, Ilan Alon, Jun Wu

Management Faculty Publications

This commentary is based on a recent study we conducted on the relationship between regime type, corruption, and economic development. We build a theory that links corruption and regime type to economic growth and test it on 158 countries, using multiple databases including Polity IV, transparency international, the World Bank, and others. We first distinguish three regime types, autocracy (dictatorship), anocracy (countries in early stage of democratization), and mature democracy. We found that when autocratic countries begin democratize, corruption usually gets worse. As the infant democracies mature, corruption decreases.

A Method For Key Performance Indicator Assessment In Manufacturing Organizations, Patrick Hester, Barry Ezell, Andrew Collins, John Horst, Kaleen Lawsure

VMASC Publications

Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are an essential element of an organization’s ability to monitor its strategic health, helping to ensure the strategic goals of the organization are achieved. However, KPI assessment and improvement is often an ad hoc and consultant-driven process rather than one undertaken using scientific principles. This paper outlines the development and subsequent deployment of a method for KPI assessment founded in scholarly literature and balancing practitioner concerns for ease of use. The proposed method draws heavily on organizational stakeholder involvement at varying levels throughout the KPI assessment process, improving current methods by introducing a mathematical foundation based …

Assessment Of And Outlook On China's Corruption And Anticorruption Campaigns: Stagnation In The Authoritarian Trap, Shaomin Li

Management Faculty Publications

Since the beginning of China's economic reform in the late 1970s, corruption has been progressing alongside of economic growth. In 2012, when Xi Jinping took power, he waged the largest and longest anticorruption campaign known in the history of the Chinese Communist Party. This study provides an assessment on his campaign and projects an outlook on the future of corruption and anticorruption in China. The author argues that China will enter into an "authoritarian trap," in which the authoritarian power enables the state to effectively carry out the economic reform and achieve economic growth, while suppressing the demand for the …

Empirical Identification Of Factor Models, Piyachart Phiromswad, Takeshi Yagihashi

Economics Faculty Publications

In the conventional factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR), the extracted factors cannot be used in structural analysis because the factors do not retain a clear economic interpretation. This paper proposes a new method to identify macroeconomic factors, which is associated with better economic interpretations. Using an empirical-based search algorithm, we select variables that are individually caused by a single factor. These variables are then used to impose restrictions on the factor loading matrix, and we obtain an economic interpretation for each factor. We apply our method to time-series data in the USA and further conduct a monetary policy analysis. Our method …

Photos Of Major Social Turmoils In China Since 1900, Shaomin Li

Management Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.