Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Women's Studies (13566)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (7816)
- History (4604)
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies (4586)
- Sociology (4014)
-
- English Language and Literature (3257)
- Education (3231)
- Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies (3086)
- Business (2928)
- American Studies (2551)
- Accounting (2409)
- Gender and Sexuality (2213)
- Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (1901)
- Film and Media Studies (1854)
- Comparative Literature (1697)
- Creative Writing (1646)
- Women's History (1460)
- Literature in English, British Isles (1397)
- Reading and Language (1312)
- Race and Ethnicity (1283)
- Communication (1274)
- Theatre and Performance Studies (1203)
- Politics and Social Change (1147)
- Religion (1116)
- African American Studies (1063)
- Art and Design (1040)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (1031)
- Inequality and Stratification (1025)
- Institution
-
- University of Mississippi (2463)
- Bridgewater State University (2327)
- University of Southern Maine (1603)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (1539)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1231)
-
- Cal Poly Humboldt (684)
- Purdue University (680)
- Western Kentucky University (650)
- University of South Florida (500)
- SUNY Buffalo State University (498)
- Western Michigan University (482)
- SIT Graduate Institute/SIT Study Abroad (460)
- Old Dominion University (374)
- Brigham Young University (354)
- University of Rhode Island (334)
- Gettysburg College (277)
- University of North Florida (275)
- Walden University (268)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (249)
- University of Massachusetts Boston (231)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (219)
- Claremont Colleges (218)
- Chapman University (215)
- Portland State University (207)
- University of Kentucky (184)
- University of Denver (183)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (168)
- SUNY College Cortland (166)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (164)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (163)
- Keyword
-
- Gender (1264)
- Women (1193)
- Maine (1138)
- Feminism (1116)
- LGBTQ (797)
-
- Queer (558)
- Gay (554)
- Women's Studies Quarterly (553)
- The Feminist Press (551)
- WSQ (551)
- Women's Studies Newsletter (551)
- Lesbian (494)
- Newsletter (483)
- Western Kentucky University (453)
- Transgender (451)
- LGBT (402)
- Sexuality (394)
- Poetry (325)
- GLBTI (319)
- Family Affairs Newsletter (316)
- Intersectionality (309)
- Gender studies (302)
- Events (282)
- Support groups (278)
- Personals (277)
- Social groups (277)
- Job postings (276)
- Identity (249)
- Education (247)
- Gays--Periodicals (238)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Woman C.P.A. (2397)
- Journal of International Women's Studies (2285)
- The George Eliot Review Online, ISSN: 2831-5375 (691)
- CouRaGeouS Cuentos: A Journal of Counternarratives (608)
- CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture (567)
-
- Women's Studies Quarterly (551)
- Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection (420)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (384)
- Medieval Feminist Forum: A Journal of Gender and Sexuality (355)
- ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830 (325)
- Family Affairs newsletter (2004-2016) (321)
- Theses and Dissertations (304)
- WKU Administration Documents (293)
- AWE (A Woman’s Experience) (288)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (279)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (266)
- Publications and Research (260)
- Gay Community News (238)
- Eartha M. M. White Textual Material (166)
- Journal of Feminist Scholarship (160)
- Communiqué / Northern Lambda Nord (1981-1999) (159)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (152)
- Center for LGBTQ Studies (CLAGS) (151)
- Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies (142)
- All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations (137)
- Journal of Religion & Film (137)
- Journal of Women in Educational Leadership (137)
- Journal of Dracula Studies (130)
- Querying the Past: LGBTQ Maine Oral History Project Collection (129)
- Masters Theses (128)
- Publication Type
Articles 3901 - 3930 of 25437
Full-Text Articles in Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
Lady Gaga: Free Bitch, Karynne Henry
Lady Gaga: Free Bitch, Karynne Henry
Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works
I would be surprised if there was anyone under 45 who had never heard of Lady Gaga. Lady Gaga rose to fame in the Early 2000s as an eager songwriter turned pop sensation. Gaga grew to push the boundaries of pop music with her out-of-this-world performances and shocking lyrics. Many pushed out by society have clung to her uniqueness and connected with her niche, yet mainstream music. Lady Gaga, once a girl with dreams, now a pop sensation, is not without scars. The star has faced criticism, loss, and pain that has carried over into her life and music. There …
Inhabiting "Sore Butt Cracks": Queering The U.S. Long-Term Care System, Alison Lawrence
Inhabiting "Sore Butt Cracks": Queering The U.S. Long-Term Care System, Alison Lawrence
Women's and Gender Studies: Student Scholarship & Creative Works
In the face of a failing long-term care system, the author positions a queer theoretical lens as a potential source of creativity and empathy to help us build a care system that supports the dignity and personhood of all patients. The comedic work of a long-term care patient, Youtuber Clay-The-Comedian, is analyzed through a queer-theories lens as a new approach to long-term care that celebrates the personhood of all types of bodies, while also never diminishing the often difficult reality that folks in need of care face. This queer rhetoric engages with the messy, embodied experiences of patients to develop …
‘The Harvest Is So Great And The Laborers Are So Few’: The Public Ministry Of Two Evangelical Women Preachers In Nineteenth-Century Minnesota, Lisa R. Lindell
‘The Harvest Is So Great And The Laborers Are So Few’: The Public Ministry Of Two Evangelical Women Preachers In Nineteenth-Century Minnesota, Lisa R. Lindell
Hilton M. Briggs Library Faculty Publications
On a Sunday morning in July 1873, worshippers gathered for church in Brother Cheatham’s grove in Utica, Winona County, Minnesota, in the heart of America’s western frontier. Conducting the service was Ruth Matilda Rowell, an Advent Christian pastor. Assisting her was Minerva Ursula Cobb, an ordained minister in the Freewill Baptist church. The participation of two female ministers that day rendered the occasion notable. Both women were experienced preachers, with Rowell’s ministry in Minnesota dating back to the mid-1850s and Cobb’s to her arrival in 1864, with prior ministry in the state of Wisconsin. By exploring the vocational paths of …
Gender Liberation And Mutual Aid: A Blog Post, Chyenne "Chy" Tyler, Mary Jo Klinker
Gender Liberation And Mutual Aid: A Blog Post, Chyenne "Chy" Tyler, Mary Jo Klinker
Feminist & Queer Praxis
During the Spring 2023 semester, the WGSS 374: Queer Theories and Politics course studied the mutual aid and LGBTQ+ community organizing. Trans studies scholar Dean Spade defines “mutual aid is the radical act of caring for each other while working to change the world” (2020). Amidst national attacks on trans youth via anti-trans bills, our course imagined how collective care and mutual aid provide vehicles of gender-affirming safety in Winona.
Ua19/16/2 Women's Basketball Press Releases, Wku Athletic Media Relations
Ua19/16/2 Women's Basketball Press Releases, Wku Athletic Media Relations
WKU Administration Documents
Press releases and game statistics for WKU women's basketball team from January to July 2023.
Helen Dupré Moseley: Artist, Author, Roller-Coaster Fan, And Air Stewardess On Flying Saucers, Lizzie Richards
Helen Dupré Moseley: Artist, Author, Roller-Coaster Fan, And Air Stewardess On Flying Saucers, Lizzie Richards
Gender Studies Student Scholarship
Helen Dupré Moseley (1887-1984) was a prominent woman from Spartanburg, South Carolina who deserves to be recognized for transcending gender norms through her education, professional career, and overall artistic prowess and pioneering artistic style. She was born into a family that clearly placed high value on personal achievement and general notoriety, playing a big factor into how Moseley viewed herself. Previous research about her remains local to Spartanburg and needed to be expanded upon to further understand Moseley and her importance to the city. Most importantly, Moseley will be highlighted as an artist creating both brushwork pieces and later oil …
Giving Voice To The Body: Slam Poetry In The Poet X, Stefanny Leung Yu
Giving Voice To The Body: Slam Poetry In The Poet X, Stefanny Leung Yu
Student Theses
When the world silences her, can slam poetry become her voice? Elizabeth Acevedo, an author and poet, uses her beautiful piece of slam poetry to explore how language can empower marginalized voices, speaking on behalf of those who are usually silenced. The Poet X is a verse novel that narrates the powerful story of a young Afro-Latina girl, Xiomara Batista, who navigates the intersecting pressures of school bullies, family issues, religious conservatism, patriarchal rules, and racialized body politics in her Harlem community. This research engages with Acevedo’s work to focus on how slam poetry serves as a powerful outlet and …
Out And About, Spring 2023, Queer Coalition
Out And About, Spring 2023, Queer Coalition
Queer Coalition
Newsletter of Queer Coalition, Illinois State University's sponsored LGBTQIA+ faculty, staff, and graduate student affinity group. Also available as a dynamic Foleon site: https://dig.illinoisstate.edu/isuqueercoalition/out-and-about/spring-2023/
Intergenerational Change In Hiv/Aids-Related Stigma In Cato Manor, Mijin Cho
Intergenerational Change In Hiv/Aids-Related Stigma In Cato Manor, Mijin Cho
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
In South Africa, the world’s epicenter of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, HIV-related stigma and stigma-enforcing stereotypes continue to serve as major health barriers to receiving adequate HIV prevention and treatment. While there continues to be a rise in research and advocacy, there is a need to study HIV stigma through a multigenerational lens that addresses the changing HIV/AIDS stigma in the post-apartheid era. Using qualitative methodology, this study aims to explore the generational differences in perceived HIV stigma between females in their 20s and above 50 years of age (as denoted by “50s+”) living in Cato Manor, South Africa. The study …
Women In Sustainable Leadership: A Case Study On The Perspectives, Opportunities, And Challenges Of Biologist And Conservationist Estrela Matilde, Ella Lyons
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Despite the relatively small population of 8,000 occupants and the minimal international recognition of the Island of Príncipe, located off of the Gulf of Guinea on the Western Coast of Central Africa, the region has increasingly become a leading example of sustainable practices to be taken on a global scale in the near future to combat our current climate crisis. This case study explores the sustainable practices that Príncipe has learned to embrace under the leadership of Portuguese conservation biologist and project manager for the NGO Fundação Príncipe, Estrela Matilde. Estrela integrates social, cultural, and environmental conservation to align with …
Las Barreras Sociales, Económicas, Y Políticas Que Deben Enfrentar Las Mujeres Víctimas De Violencia Al Momento De Realizar La Denuncia Y De Recibir Protección En El Departamento De Maipú, Provincia De Mendoza En El Año 2023 / The Social, Economic, And Political Barriers That Female Victims Of Domestic Violence Face When Reporting Violence Or Accessing The Corresponding Protection Services In Maipú, Mendoza In 2023, Amelia Opsahl
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Este informe analiza las barreras que enfrentan las víctimas de la violencia contra las mujeres al momento de realizar una denuncia y acceder a los servicios de ayuda en el departamento de Maipú, Mendoza en el año 2023. Realicé este trabajo a través de cinco entrevistas presenciales con profesionales que trabajan con el tema en el departamento. Cada una de mis entrevistadas tiene una profesión distinta y trabajan sea con las víctimas, sea con los políticos, o bien con los propios agresores. Por eso, mis entrevistas ofrecen una mirada amplia de la problemática y me permite investigar las barreras que …
La Ausencia/Presencia De La Asexualidad Y La Sexualnormatividad En La Educación Sexual Integral En Las Escuelas Secundarias En La Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires / The Absence/Presence Of Asexuality And Sexualnormativity In Comprehensive Sexual Education In Secondary Schools In The Autonomous City Of Buenos Aires, Marin Hart
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Este proyecto investiga el lugar de la asexualidad en la Educación Sexual Integral en el nivel medio en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Desde una mirada basada en la teoría queer, este trabajo analiza los lineamientos curriculares del nivel medio y entrevistas a personas involucradas en la ESI, y concluye que la asexualidad, como todas las identidades queer, no aparece en los lineamientos y aparece muy poco en la ESI en general. Además, cuando aparecen las identidades queer en la ESI, se presentan dentro del marco de la tolerancia y no discriminación, y por el modo de hacerlo, terminan …
El Impacto Del Diagnóstico De Cáncer De Mama En Los Vínculos En Mujeres De La Ciudad Autónoma De Buenos Aires (2023) / The Impact Of A Breast Cancer Diagnosis On The Relationships Of Women Living In The Autonomous City Of Buenos Aires (2023), Devin O’Loughlin
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
El siguiente trabajo de investigación busca describir las relaciones sociales de una persona con cáncer de mama. Para colectar datos, se entrevistó a cuatro mujeres argentinas CIS que han padecido cáncer de mama para investigar sus relaciones con sus amigos, sus parejas, y sus familias, y si estas relaciones han cambiado como resultado de su diagnóstico. Estas entrevistas estaban destinadas a informar cómo se distribuyen los roles de cuidado y acompañamiento durante el tratamiento por la enfermedad e indagar cómo pueden ayudar los amigos y la familia a la gente durante el tratamiento para el cáncer de mama. El trabajo …
Local Traditions, Global Influences, National Belonging: Conditional Acceptance Of Cross-Gender Dance In Central Java, Indonesia, Calla Rhodes
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
Indonesia has a long and rich history of cross-gender performance in which males embody femininity onstage. Until recently, these diverse, locally-specific traditions were a widely accepted cultural practice. However, modern negative associations with the LGBTQ+ community and, by extension, the West, threaten the survival of traditional Indonesian cross-gender dance. By investigating feminine male gender performance in Java, I will uncover how Indonesians draw from localized cultural traditions, as well as globalized practices like Western-style drag, to destabilize restrictive national constructions of gender. I posit that traditional cross-gender dance serves as a culturally- sanctioned outlet for male expressions of femininity that …
Exploring The Influence Of Globalization And Self-Expression In Shaping The Vietnamese Lgbtq+ Community In Urban Vietnam, Minh-Thy Tyler
Exploring The Influence Of Globalization And Self-Expression In Shaping The Vietnamese Lgbtq+ Community In Urban Vietnam, Minh-Thy Tyler
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
The LGBTQ+ community is estimated to make up around 9% to 11% of Vietnam’s total population. Over the past few decades, Vietnam has undergone significant changes, marked by its increasing interconnectedness with the global community. These changes have also brought about a shift in perceptions and advocacy toward the LGBTQ+ community. Also bringing along a change in attitude towards the LGBTQ+ community in Vietnam is self-expression and fashion. Through drag or wearing gender-nonconforming attire, queer individuals are able to challenge the restrictive gender binary prevalent in Vietnamese society. Self-expression and fashion are also critical in helping queer individuals form and …
Women's And Gender Studies Newsletter, V10, Spring 2023, University Of Northern Iowa. Women's And Gender Studies.
Women's And Gender Studies Newsletter, V10, Spring 2023, University Of Northern Iowa. Women's And Gender Studies.
Women's and Gender Studies Newsletter
Inside this Issue:
Director's Note --- 2
Programming News --- 4
Scholarship & Awards --- 8
Graduating Student: Gideon Bawuah --- 9
Notables and Quotables --- 10
Strategies Of Liberation And Empowerment In Maya Angelou's And Audre Lorde's Black Feminist Literature, Lydia Jernigan
Strategies Of Liberation And Empowerment In Maya Angelou's And Audre Lorde's Black Feminist Literature, Lydia Jernigan
Student Works
The progression of second-wave feminism in America saw Black feminist writers such as Maya Angelou and Audre Lorde utilizing literature, and notably poetry, to resist against their oppression, due not only to their gender but also to their race. Lorde states in her 1977 essay, “Poetry is Not a Luxury,” that poetry, for women, “is a vital necessity of our existence. It forms the quality of light within which we predicate our hopes and dreams toward survival and change, first made into language, then into idea, then into more tangible action.” One of the aims of Lorde’s explicitly political poems—as …
Battling History: A Discussion Of How Controlling Images And The Matrix Of Domination Causes Recreations Of Oppression Affecting Black Female Athletes In Gymnastics Today, Nicole T. Cesanek
Battling History: A Discussion Of How Controlling Images And The Matrix Of Domination Causes Recreations Of Oppression Affecting Black Female Athletes In Gymnastics Today, Nicole T. Cesanek
Student Publications
The history of the slave era led to the creation of several different tropes of African American women used throughout history including the jezebel and the strong Black woman. Coupled with the matrix of domination, researchers are able to understand how this history has led to recreations of oppression among Black female athletes. This has been particularly evident among the sport of gymnastics in which several athletes have experienced severe oppression, which in many cases, has prevented them from speaking up about other serious concerns within their sport such as sexual assault and mental health. The creation of tropes for …
More Care And Less Pay: The Phenomenon Of Low Wages Among Care Occupations, Allison B. Dayton
More Care And Less Pay: The Phenomenon Of Low Wages Among Care Occupations, Allison B. Dayton
Student Publications
This research examines the phenomenon of care occupations paying less than other occupations with similar levels of human capital investment. The paper evaluates the high concentration of women, especially Black women, the resulting wage penalties, social closure theory, temporal flexibility, and positive externalities as possible explanations for this problem. Potential solutions like raising the minimum wage and subsidizing education for care workers are also addressed.
Consent In Conversation: Education Of Sexual Violence In Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Emily Benning
Consent In Conversation: Education Of Sexual Violence In Maya Angelou's I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Emily Benning
Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics
Maya Angelou’s memoir, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, is just one of many titles challenged and banned in public schools for “sexually explicit” content. On page 71 of her 281 page autobiography, Angelou discloses that she was raped at 8 years old by her mother’s boyfriend, and despite it being followed with scenes that emphasize the value of healing through literature, public attention has been directed to the (non-consensual) intercourse itself as a reason for censorship. As censorship efforts have expanded in the past two decades, challengers have continued to add more ban-worthy qualities to the list …
Gendered Stem Beliefs And Major Choice, Nicole T. Cesanek, Benjamin J. Durham
Gendered Stem Beliefs And Major Choice, Nicole T. Cesanek, Benjamin J. Durham
Student Publications
Beliefs and expectations about who can and should pursue STEM careers contribute to a student’s sense of STEM identity and may help to explain the gender gap in pursuing STEM in higher education. The formation of these beliefs is a long and complex process, starting very early on in an individual’s life. We analyze how gendered STEM beliefs of students, parents, and teachers in ninth grade affect a female student’s probability of majoring in STEM in college. We add to an analysis done by Sansone (2019) in an appendix of his paper by using actual majors instead of intended majors. …
Gender And Sexuality In Desperate Housewives, Berkley Smith
Gender And Sexuality In Desperate Housewives, Berkley Smith
Honors Theses
No abstract provided.
“Yellow Fever” + Pornhub Statistics: A Sociological Sickness, Patricia Plachno
“Yellow Fever” + Pornhub Statistics: A Sociological Sickness, Patricia Plachno
Audre Lorde Prize
This essay was written to explore the complexities behind "Yellow Fever," or the fetishization of Asian women. In further understanding the origins of "Yellow Fever", shining a light on historical stereotypes and microaggressions assist in problematizing this phenomenon. Pornhub's yearly statistics provide a tangible outline of the sheer volume of participants in racial fetishization.
Gender As An Environmental Stressor In Individuals Genetically Predisposed To Mood Disorders: A Preliminary Analysis, Kara West
Audre Lorde Prize
Given the recent ‘epidemic’ of mental health disorders, we urgently need to better understand who is suffering and how. One aspect of this that research has come closer to identifying is where symptoms and diagnoses are missed in certain individuals, especially based on gender. However, if certain genders are actually more likely to deal with certain disorders we need to understand why and where that comes from. There is a general consensus in the medical field that some individuals are simply genetically predisposed to various disorders based on sex, but there is limited evidence that sex actually determines genetic predisposition. …
Anti-Queer Policy & Rural Schools: A Framework To Analyze Anti-Queer Policy Implementation In Rural Schools, Clint Whitten, Courtney Thomas
Anti-Queer Policy & Rural Schools: A Framework To Analyze Anti-Queer Policy Implementation In Rural Schools, Clint Whitten, Courtney Thomas
The Rural Educator
No abstract provided.
The Postmodern And The Personal In Edna St. Vincent Millay’S Aria Da Capo, Roxanne Rankin
The Postmodern And The Personal In Edna St. Vincent Millay’S Aria Da Capo, Roxanne Rankin
Munn Scholars Awards
Aria Da Capo, Edna St. Vincent Millay’s 1919 play, has thus far been largely ignored in literary criticism. This essay, through a historical survey of Millay’s previous critical reception followed by a close reading of Aria Da Capo, attempts to explain and then bridge this gap in academic scholarship. A postmodernist reading of the play will then illustrate why Millay’s work still confounds scholars today and how Aria Da Capo specifically continues to be relevant more than 100 years after it was first produced.
"Real Women Have Bodies": A Study In Adaptation, Madison Ephlin
"Real Women Have Bodies": A Study In Adaptation, Madison Ephlin
Honors Projects
The art of adaptation is a difficult process, and is often hard to please general audiences that have a connection to the source material. As a student who studies both English Literature and Film Production, the question asked through this study is what does it take to write a “successful” adaptation? What qualifies as “successful”? How does an adaptation balance the themes, characterization, and plot of a piece of literature with the continuous momentum and visual complexity that the medium of film requires, all in 120 pages or less? This study engages with these questions by actively practicing adaptation, adapting …
Contemporary Environmental Art: The Multidimensional Relationship Between Black Communities And The American Landscape, Sophia Perkins
Contemporary Environmental Art: The Multidimensional Relationship Between Black Communities And The American Landscape, Sophia Perkins
Honors Capstones
Contemporary environmental art can be inspired by personal experience and reflections between the artist and their surroundings. Black women have a unique interaction with and relation to their environment. I would like to unpack the relationships between Black women and the environment by exploring a few different artists’ work, and by dissecting the effects race and gender have on one’s view of the natural world. I have studied the work of four artists: Torkwase Dyson, Allison Jane Hamilton, LaToya Ruby Frazier, and Calida Garcia Rawles. Environmentally, I have a specific interest in bodies of water / Black waterways because of …
Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah: Navigating The Intersection Of Gender Nonconformity And Islam In Indonesia, Tali Hastings
Pesantren Waria Al-Fatah: Navigating The Intersection Of Gender Nonconformity And Islam In Indonesia, Tali Hastings
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
No abstract provided.
The Dialectics Of Leadership Identity Construction: Case Studies From Indigenous Women Leaders, Mariana De Santibanes, Sonia M. Ospina, Seulki Lee, Angela Santamaria, Michelle Marie Evans, Dunen Muelas, Nazareth Guerrero
The Dialectics Of Leadership Identity Construction: Case Studies From Indigenous Women Leaders, Mariana De Santibanes, Sonia M. Ospina, Seulki Lee, Angela Santamaria, Michelle Marie Evans, Dunen Muelas, Nazareth Guerrero
Research Collection School of Social Sciences
Challenging oversimplified models, the leader identity literature calls for new perspectives of leadership identity construction (LIC). Using a collective leadership lens and narrative methods, this collaborative study explores how Indigenous women’s leadership identities develop within a contest for power and voice. Observations, interviews, and micro-ethnographies helped identify how history, community dynamics and cultural contradictions influence LIC. We find the LIC process to unfold as a dialectical spiral, informed by contradictions experienced when enacting social identities in various spheres of influence. This highlights the intersectionality of salient identities when theorizing LIC, and suggests that minoritized leaders can resignify and ultimately, capitalize …