Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Design, Fabrication, And Reliability Effects Of Additively Manufactured First Level Compliant Interconnects For Microelectronics Application, Tumininu David Olatunji

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Semiconductor packaging and development is greatly dependent on the magnitude of interconnect and on-chip stress that ultimately limits the reliability of electronic components. Thermomechanical related strains occur because of the coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch from different conjoined materials being assembled to manufacture a device. To curb the effect of thermal expansion mismatch between conjoined parts, studies have been done in integrating compliant structures between dies, solder balls, and substrates. Initial studies have enabled the design and manufacturing of these structures using a photolithography approach which involves a high number of fabrication steps depending on the complexity of the structures …

Mechanical And Frictional Behavior Of Textured And Non-Textured Surfaces, Raghuram R. Santhapuram

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Tribology is the study of surfaces where two objects are sliding against another. Significant energy is lost due to friction between the sliding surfaces. Therefore, developing or designing surfaces to minimize friction is critical for the durability and reliability of the mechanical components. Several researchers have identified that surface texturing at the nanoscale (nanotexture) would reduce the friction between the contacting surfaces. The nanotextured surfaces have several applications in microelectromechanical systems and nanoelectromechanical systems. This dissertation employs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the frictional and mechanical response of nanotextured aluminum (Al) and Al/amorphous silicon (a-Si) composite surfaces.

This study determines …

Application Of Percentage Within Limits Concepts On A Balanced Mix Design Of Asphalt Mixtures, Elvis Alexander Castillo Camarena

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Many agencies have incorporated rutting, and more recently cracking, laboratory test requirements in the design process of asphalt mixtures. The objective of each additional specification is to produce a balance between the stability and durability of the final product. Although a performance-engineered mixture design (PEMD), denoted here as a balanced mix design (BMD), offers compelling benefits, there is concern regarding the compatibility of the BMD with current construction practices. The objective of this work is to correlate a BMD method with realistic binder content construction tolerances by applying the concepts of a percent-within-limits (PWL) approach to field QC/QA. First, Chapter …

Synthesis And In Vivo Biomedical Applications Of Ultrasmall Metal Nanoparticles, Shahab Ranjbar Bahadori

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Over the past decade, metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained much popularity in the field of nanomedicine owing to their exceptional physiochemical properties. Easy surface functionalization and conjugation with therapeutic moieties, stability, inertness, and inherent anticancer activities make MNPs promising diagnostic and therapeutic agents. Among different sizes of MNPs, which greatly affect their biodistribution and clearance, ultrasmall metal nanoparticles with the size less than 5 nm demonstrate unique pharmacokinetic properties, making them suitable for nanomedicinal applications. Therefore, many efforts have been made to synthesize various kinds of ultrasmall metal nanoparticles. In this study, a revolutionary synthesis method, termed as liquid diffusion …

Development Of Functional Materials And Devices On Flexible Platforms Using Additive Print Manufacturing Processes For Biomedical And Environmental Applications, Dinesh Maddipatla

Dissertations

In recent years, considerable research has been vested into the development of printed electronics (PE) to explore the best ways of fabricating electronic devices on flexible platforms using additive print manufacturing processes. PE produces flexible devices that are compatible with complex geometries, foldable applications and conformal to curved surfaces, with a promising potential for large‐area device fabrication at relatively lower manufacturing costs. This dissertation focuses majorly on the design and fabrication of novel flexible functional materials and devices for biomedical and environmental applications using additive printing processes.

Initially, a simple paper-based low cost and rapid prototypable platform with oxygen sensors …

Principles, Design, Fabrication, And Characterization Of Subwavelength Periodic Resonant Metasurfaces, Hafez Hemmati

Material Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Since the emergence of diffraction gratings containing periodic unit cells, innumerable advances in theoretical studies and practical applications have emerged. Recently, these classic structures have been categorized as subsets of “meta-surfaces” or “meta-materials” in which periodically aligned wavelength-scale features manipulate all key properties of the electromagnetic waves in a desired manner for a wide variety of applications. This includes manipulating of amplitude, phase, spectral distribution, polarization state, and local mode structure of light in the various available spectral expressions. Among the significant characteristic properties of metasurfaces is the coupling of incident light to laterally propagating leaky Bloch modes in the …

Magnetic Sensors And Geometrical Magnetoresistance: Areview, Abdelfattah Mohammed Mansour

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Magnetic sensing devices are of the extremely significant kind of detectors, that are used several important and useful applications. Geometrical extraordinary magnetoresistance (EMR) is thegeometrical kind of magnetoresistance associated with the non-magnetic semiconductor-metalhybrid structure and influenced by geometrical shape. As a result of Lorentz force, the current path change from metal (in absence of magnetic field) to semiconductor (under the subjection of themagnetic field) in semiconductor-metal hybrid structure is the key of EMR phenomena, i.e. once the metal is placed in a semiconductor, it works as a short circuit with the majority of applied current moving through metallic inhomogeneity and …

Properties And Performance Of The Basalt-Fiber Reinforced Texture Roof Tiles, Parinya Chakartnarodom, Wichit Prakaypan, Pitcharat Ineure, Nutthita Chuankrerkkul, Edward A. Laitila, Nuntaporn Kongkajun

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

The mechanical and the physical properties, and the performance of texture roof tiles reinforced with the basalt fibers were observed. The samples of the basalt-fiber reinforced texture roof tiles were produced on the industrial scale by using filter pressing method. After forming, the as-molded samples were air cured and characterized based on ASTM C1185 standard for their mechanical properties and physical properties. In addition, the roof-tile installation test was also performed. The results showed that the samples of the basalt-fiber reinforced texture roof tile (BFRT) could be produced on the industrial scale by using the common setting of the forming …

Soil-Cement Bricks Produced From Local Clay Brick Waste And Soft Sludge From Fiber Cement Production, Nuntaporn Kongkajun, Edward A. Laitila, Pitcharat Ineure, Wichit Prakaypan, Benya Cherdhirunkorn, Parinya Chakartnarodom

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Soil-cement bricks were produced using local clay brick waste (CBW) and soft sludge (SS) from fiber-cement industries, preserving raw resources by substituting with industrial wastes. The control formula to produce soil-cement bricks, is 15 wt% Portland cement, 15 wt% sand, and 70 wt% laterite. Clay brick waste was added with values from 10 to 50 % of laterite weight in the control formula. For SS, 5 and 10 % was used to replace the total weight of the dry mixture in the control formula. The samples were shaped by using a manual brick making machine. The results showed that the …

Quenched And Tempered High Strength Steel:A Review, Gadadhar Sahoo, Krishna Kumar Singh, Vinod Kumar

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Quenched and tempered steel are broadly classified as low alloy conventional grades with C contentof 0.15-0.40% and tool steels with C content as high as 2% alloyed with strong carbide forming elementssuch as Cr, V, Mo etc. in the range of 1-12%. In both the cases, steels are used in hardened/quenchedand tempered or auto tempered condition for improved toughness, strength and wear resistance. The C content and tempering temperature are optimized based on desired application. However, achieving high strength/hardness along with adequate toughness is a challenge. The chemistry designis one of the important parts of developing these grades. The judicious …

Characterization Of Tio2-Activated Carbon Onto Adsorption And Photocatalytic Propertiesand Its Application, Mark Chobchun, Pasakorn Jutakridsada, Puttiporn Thiamsinsangwon, Pornnapa Kasemsiri, Khanita Kamwilaisak, Prinya Chindaprasirt

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study investigates the characterization of TiO2in conjunction with activated carbon(AC) on its adsorption and photocatalytic properties. TiO2in theabsence and presence of AC were preparedby the sol-gel method. TiCl4was used as a precursor to reduce using acidic solution during preparationprocess. The effects of the amount of AC on the characteristics of composites were investigated. TGA technique was used to evaluate the amount of TiO2and AC in TiO2/AC composite. The adsorptionproperties of TiO2/AC were characterized using XRD, TEM, N2adsorption/desorption, FTIR and UV - Visdiffuse reflectance spectroscopy techniques. The photocatalytic activitiesof the composites were investigated by measuring the removal of acid dye. …

Screen Printed Textile Electrodes Using Graphene And Carbon Nanotubes With Silver For Flexible Supercapacitor Applications, Norawich Keawploy, Radhakrishnan Venkatkarthick, Panyawat Wangyao, Jiaqian Qin

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The eco-friendly conductive cotton textile is promising alternatives for the flexible substrates in wearable devices since the cotton is as an inexpensive natural fabric material and compatible in modern portable electronics with adequate electrical conductivity. In this work, flexible conductive cotton-based electrodes areprepared via a screen-printing method using the carbonaceous nanomaterialssuch as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene with an additional component of conductive silver (Ag) powder and textile ink. The prepared conductive cotton electrodes exhibit lower sheet resistance (<10Ω) along with superior mass loading (20-30mgcm-2). On the basis of the performance of cottonelectrodes prepared, an all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor device was successfully fabricated whichexhibits a high specific areal capacitance of 677.12 mFcm-2at 0.0125 mAcm-2 for a suitable electrodecomposition (60% of Ag and 40% CNTs) using a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte. The flexible device endures a stable electrochemical performance under severe mechanical deformation using differentbending angles (0, 30, 45, 60and 90) of the device and possesses excellent cyclic stability with the capacitance retention of ~80% even after 3000 CV cycles.

The Usage Of Coal−Layered Double Oxide For Removal Of Toxic Dye Fromaqueous Solution, Pornnapa Tongchoo, Sonchai Intachai, Prakaidao Pankam, Chomponoot Suppaso, Nithima Khaorapapong

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

CoAl−layered double oxide derived from calcination of CoAl−layered double hydroxide at400Cfor 120 min, delivered the change in microstructure with increasing surface area. Spinel Co3O4was the majority in the product as confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared andUV-visible spectroscopies. The calcined product, CoAl−layered double oxide resulted in significantadsorption capacity on dye removal superior to that of CoAl−layered double hydroxide. The adsorbed amounts of the diverse dyes increased as follows: methylene blue phenolphthaleinmethyl orange orange II. The adsorption affinity between adsorbent and dyes relied on electrostatic interaction and physical adsorption.

Soldering Of Copper Using Graphene-Phosphoric Acid Gel, Gurudatt Puranik, Asis Sarkar, Nirankar Mishra, Sangam Chandrasekhar Gurumurthy, Shridhar Mundinamani

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Soldering is a physical process in which one metal melts and joins the other to form a strong bond,which further helps in electron conduction and increases the mechanical strength in any electronic circuits. The present work demonstrates the development of graphene-based flux comprising of 2 g of graphene and 2 ml of phosphoric acid for the residue-free, high stability, durable, and two-stepsoldering of copper wire on to the surface of the copper-based printed circuit board. The soldering fluxcan be applied to the copper, and wire can be soldered in ambient conditions using commercial solderingiron at a standard soldering temperature of …

Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of Ti6al4v Lattice Structures And Their Applications, Thywill Cephas Dzogbewu

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The study focused on producing lattice structures using rhombic and diagonal nodes and indicatingtheir logical biomedical and engineering applications. Laser powder bed fusion manufacturingtechnology a subset of additive manufacturing was used to manufacture the lattice structures with different struts geometry. Average elastic modulus value of 5.30.2 GPa was obtained for therhombic lattice structures and 5.10.1 GPa for the diagonal lattice structures. Generally, the mechanicalproperties of the lattice structures produced could be logically considered suitable for biomedical and engineering applications. The mechanical properties of the lattice structures could be fine-tunedfor a specific engineering or biomedical applications by varying the lattice properties …

Preparation And Properties Of Fired Clay Bricks With Added Wood Ash, Anuwat Srisuwan, Supachai Sompech, Chiawchan Saengthong, Sukhontip Thaomola, Prinya Chindraprasirt, Nonthaphong Phonphuak

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study was designed to determine the effects of wood ash on the physical and mechanical properties of fired clay bricks. The clay bricks were fabricated with the addition of 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16% by weight of wood ash. Strength development of brick was cased byfired at 900, 1000, and 1100°C for 40 min. The experimental results demonstrated that the physical property and strength of the fired clay bricks depend on the wood ash contentand firing temperature. Higher wood ash content affected an increase in porosity and water absorption, while the bulk density of the clay brickswas reduced. …

Ultraviolet‐Shielding And Water Resistance Properties Of Graphene Quantum Dots/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite-Based Film, Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee, Pichitchai Pimpang

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The Ultraviolet‐shielding (UV‐shielding) and water resistance properties of graphene quantum dots/polyvinyl alcohol (GQDs/PVA) composite-based film have been investigated. The GQDs/PVA composite-based films were fabricated with different GQDs concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%. The optical property of GQDs was carried out by utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy. Characterizationsof GQDs/PVA composite-based films were performed byusing FT-IR spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy. It was found that GQDs exhibited the strongest excitation wavelength in the UV range. GQDs/PVA composite-based films offered an improved UV-shielding capacity when compared to PVA films and glass. Particularly, the GQDs/PVA composite-based film containing 20 wt% GQDs exhibited a …

Impact Of Boron Carbide And Graphite Dual Particulates Addition On Wear Behavior Of A356 Alloy Metal Matrix Composites, Pankaj R. Jadhav, Madeva Nagaral, Shivakumar Rachoti, Jayasheel I. Harti

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The current work gives the detailed microstructural analysis and wear behaviour of aluminiumalloy A356 based metal matrix composite. Here, boron carbide (B4C) and graphite (Gr) particulates were used as reinforcing phase to develop A356/ 4 wt% B4C, A356/ 4 wt% Gr composites along with A356/ 4 wt% Gr/ 12 wt% B4C hybrid composites. The composites were developed by conventional stir casting method to improve the wear properties. The developed composites were subjected to scanning electron microscope (SEM) formicrostructural analysis and then to DUCOM made wear test assembly to know the dry sliding wear behaviour. The wear tests were conducted for …

Influence Of Coconut Shell Powder Organic Reinforcement On Chemical, Microstructuraland Mechanical Properties Of Spark Plasma Sintered Ti-Ni Based Metal Matrix Composite, Peter Odetola, Abimbola Patricia Popoola, Emmanuel Ajenifuja, Olawale Popoola

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are currently used in place of pure alloys and polymer matrix composites because of their unique physical properties. Titanium and nickel powders were alloyed with coconut shell powder (CSP) as organic compound reinforcement to form a TiNi-based metal matrix composite (MMC) using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. The powders were mild-milledfor 16 h and then axially consolidated at 850C, heating rate of 100Cmin-1and 50 MPa sintering pressure. Characterizations were done using field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM-EDX) and x-ray diffractometer (XRD). Elemental and structural characterizations of the composites revealed the formation of the Ti-rich eutectic phase, …

Toward Understanding Underlying Mechanisms Of Drag Reduction In Turbulent Flow Control, Alex Rogge

Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The underlying mechanisms of three different flow-control strategies on drag reduction in a turbulent channel flow are investigated by direct numerical simulations. These strategies include the addition of a small concentration of long-chain polymers into a fluid, the incorporation of slip surfaces, and the application of an external body force. While it has been believed that such methods lead to a skin-friction reduction by controlling near-wall flow structures, the underlying mechanisms at play are still not as clear. In this study, a temporal analysis is employed to elucidate underlying drag-reduction mechanisms among these methods. The analysis is based on the …