Materials Science and Engineering Commons^™

Studying The Effects Of New Additive Materials For The Improvement Of The Capacity And Cycle Life Performance Of The Lead-Acid Battery, Julian Kosacki

Doctoral Dissertations

"Lead-acid batteries are an established technology with nearly 99% recyclability; however, lead-acid batteries produce only 40% of their theoretical capacity due to poor active mass utilization and PbSO4 pore blockage, and the longevity of the batteries is hampered by secondary reactions during the cycle life such as corrosion and gassing.

Lead-acid batteries were investigated and improved through several different approaches: an alternative electrolyte to mitigate secondary reactions, graphite additives to improve positive active mass (PAM) utilization, and dispersant additives to help the industrial pasting process.

The thermodynamics and chemical reactions of a commercial electrolyte replacement called Tydrolyte^TM were investigated …

Supercapacitors From Nitrogen And Sulfur Co-Doped Graphene/Nickel Cobalt Sulfide, Nutthapong Poompiew

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research aims to develop high performance supercapacitors in term of capacitive efficiency, power density and long-term cycle stability. Supercapacitors are a kind of energy storages device which exhibit high power density when comparing with conventional batteries. However, most of them exhibits inefficient energy capacitance and long-term cycle stability. Thus, this research is focusing on development materials for using as supercapacitor electrodes. Thus, nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene and nickel cobalt compounds were synthesized using in situ hydrothermal process. This research is divided into two major parts (i) to sort out the optimum ratio of nickel and cobalt for the …

การเตรียมเซรามิกเซอร์โคเนียความหนาแน่นสูงจากเศษเจียระไนคิวบิกเซอร์โคเนีย, ณัชชา ปาลวัฒน์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

ในแต่ละปีอุตสาหกรรมเจียระไนเครื่องประดับคิวบิกเซอร์โคเนียในประเทศไทยมีปริมาณเศษเจียระไนคิวบิกเซอร์โคเนียปริมาณมากหลายร้อยตันถูกทิ้งอย่างสูญเปล่า จึงเกิดแนวคิดในการศึกษาวิจัยเพื่อพัฒนากระบวนการผลิตเซรามิกเซอร์โคเนียความหนาแน่นสูงโดยใช้เศษเจียระไนคิวบิกเซอร์โคเนียจากอุตสาหกรรมเป็นวัตถุดิบหลักในการทดลอง ร่วมกับการใช้สารตัวเติมแคลเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟตเพื่อช่วยทำให้โครงสร้างเกิดเฟสของเหลวในขั้นตอนการเผาผนึก โดยทำการเตรียมตัวอย่างจากการนำเศษเจียระไนมาผ่านการเผาแคลไซน์ที่อุณหภูมิ 1000 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลา 1 ชั่วโมง เพื่อกำจัดสิ่งเจือปนที่มาจากขั้นตอนการผลิตเครื่องประดับ ก่อนนำไปทำการบดผสมกับแคลเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟตในอัตราส่วนร้อยละ 5 และ 10 โดยน้ำหนัก บดผสมเป็นเวลา 24 และ 48 ชั่วโมง จากนั้นนำไปอัดขึ้นรูปที่ความดัน 50 MPa เพื่อให้ได้ชิ้นงานที่มีลักษณะเป็นแผ่นกลมขนาดเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง 20 mm และนำไปเผาผนึกที่อุณหภูมิ 1650 องศาเซลเซียส เป็นเวลา 1, 2 และ 4 ชั่วโมง และแบ่งการศึกษาเป็นการเปรียบเทียบการเผาผนึกแบบสถานะของแข็งที่ไม่มีการใช้เติมสารตัวเติม และการเผาผนึกแบบเฟสของเหลวที่มีการเติมสารตัวเติมช่วยในการเผาผนึก โดยจากผลการทดลองพบว่าเงื่อนไขที่ดีที่สุด คือ ชิ้นงานที่ผ่านกระบวนการบดผสมกับสารตัวเติมในอัตราส่วนร้อยละ 10 โดยน้ำหนัก บดผสมเป็นเวลา 24 ชั่วโมง และเผาผนึกเป็นเวลา 2 ชั่วโมง พบว่าได้ค่าความหนาแน่นสูงถึง 5.27 g/cm3 ค่าการดูดซึมน้ำร้อยละ 0.12 และมีค่าความแข็ง 6.72 GPa ดังนั้นจึงทำการเลือกเงื่อนไขนี้มาเตรียมเป็นชิ้นงานแท่งสี่เหลี่ยมขนาด 60x10x5 mm เพื่อนำไปทดสอบความแข็งแรงด้วยเทคนิค 3-point bending จากผลการทดสอบพบว่าค่าความต้านทานแรงดัดมีค่าเท่ากับ 90.66 MPa ซึ่งผลจากงานวิจัยนี้ชี้ให้เห็นว่าการใช้สารตัวเติมแคลเซียมไดไฮโดรเจนฟอสเฟตช่วยให้เกิดเฟสของเหลวในกระบวนการเผาผนึกที่ส่งผลต่อโครงสร้างทางจุลภาคและสมบัติทางกลของชิ้นงานเซรามิกเซอร์โคเนียความหนาแน่นสูง

Experimental Exploration Of Shared Magnetic Phases Between Diverse Systems Of Iron-Pnictide Superconductors, Ryan Scott Stadel

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

The exciting field of iron-pnictide superconductors offers unique opportunities for studying the relationship between magnetism and unconventional superconductivity. This is vital to developing an understanding of the microscopic origin of high-temperature superconductivity, which is itself an important step in harnessing such a potentially revolutionary technology.

Polycrystalline and crystalline samples are synthesized over a diverse collection of related iron-pnictide systems including (Ca,Sr,Ba)1-xNaxFe2As2, Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2 (122s), and LaFeAs1-xPxO, and TbFeAs1-xPxO (1111s). These compounds are characterized through various types of neutron and x-ray diffraction on multiple instruments, as well as muon spin resonance, and magnetic susceptibility measurements.

A thorough investigation into the conditions under …

Morphology Control Of One-Dimensional Gallium Nitride Nanostructures By Modulating The Crystallinity Of Sacrificial Gallium Oxide Templates, Yun Taek Ko, Mijeong Park, Jingyeong Park, Jaeyun Moon, Yong Ho Choa, Young In Lee

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

In this study, we demonstrated a method of controllably synthesizing one-dimensional nanostructures having a dense or a hollow structure using fibrous sacrificial templates with tunable crystallinity. The fibrous ga2o3 templates were prepared by calcining the polymer/gallium precursor nanofiber synthesized by an electrospinning process, and their crystallinity was varied by controlling the calcination temperature from 500oC to 900oC. gaN nanostructures were transformed by nitriding the ga2o3 nanofibers using NH3 gas. All of the transformed gaN nanostructures maintained a one-dimensional structure well and exhibited a diameter of about 50 nm, but their morphology was clearly distinguished according to the crystallinity of the …

Direct Energy Deposition Of Mo Powder Prepared By Electrode Induction Melting Gas Atomization, Goo Won Roh, Eun Soo Park, Jaeyun Moon, Hojun Lee, Jongmin Byun

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Research

Molybdenum (Mo) is used to form a barrier layer for metal wiring in displays or semiconductor devices. Recently, researches have been continuously attempted to fabricate Mo sputtering targets through additive manufacturing. in this study, spherical Mo powders with an average particle size of about 37 um were manufactured by electrode induction melting gas atomization. Subsequently, Mo layer with a thickness of 0.25 mm was formed by direct energy deposition in which the scan speed was set as a variable. According to the change of the scan speed, pores or cracks were found in the Mo deposition layer. Mo layer deposited …

Using Machine Learning To Interpret Dice Rolls, Hunter Wimsatt, Aarohi Panzade, Kaaustaaub Shankar, Warren Campbell

SEAS Faculty Publications

Gamers use polyhedral dice that come with 4 sides (D4), 6 sides (D6), 8 sides (D8), 10 sides (D10), 12 sides (D12) and 20 sides (D20). All dice are unfair, some more than others. The goal of this project was to develop a machine learning and computer vision solution for the interpretation of dice rolls. When combined with an automated dice roller it would facilitate the study of dice unfairness. In the machine learning literature, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are the preferred method of computer classification of images. The CNN convolves images with different weights and biases through multiple layers …

Modeling Of Rare Earth Solvent Extraction Process For Flowsheet Design And Optimization, Vaibhav Kumar Srivastava

Theses and Dissertations--Mining Engineering

The separation and purification of rare earth elements (REEs) into individual products has been a topic of significant interest for researchers and engineers for many decades. The prime reason for such sustained interest is due to REEs’ demand and application in modern technology, as well as the challenges associated with their separation and purification. The chemical similarity of rare earth group elements is responsible for difficult separability which makes purification of individual elements challenging. Despite associated complications, processes such as solvent extraction (SX) and ion-exchange have been successfully utilized in the separation and production of REEs on pilot and commercial …

Damage Assessment Of Glass Fiber Composites Using Dielectric Spectroscopy And Thermally Stimulated Depolarization Current, Bryan Durham, Gayathri Kola, Mohammadkian Mahroumi, Vamsee Vadlamudi, Rassel Raihan, Kenneth Reifsnider, Minhazur Rahman, Monjur Morshed Rabby, Partha Pratim Das, Muthu Ram Prabhu Elenchezhian

Institute of Predictive Performance Methodologies (IPPM-UTARI)-Archive

A composite is generally defined as a material composed of two or more separate sub-materials that complement each other's characteristics when combined. Composites are widely used in several major industries due to their low density, high strength, and relatively predictable chemical and electrical properties. One of the significant challenges of integrating composites into more diverse fields is the ability to accurately and consistently test for damages. Due to the myriad number of microscopic structures available in composite materials, a single-use testing system is a large contributor to current research. One approach to the non-destructive testing of composites lies in exploiting …

Lightning Strike Response Of Composite Structures: A Review, Akhileshwar Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar Upadhyay, Karunesh Kumar Shukla

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Wind turbines and aircraft are generally made of less conductive carbon/glass composites. Significant damages may occur to these materials if they are struck by high energy lightning strikes. Damage and structural response of composites is essentially a multiphysics domain, involving thermal, electrical, magnetic and structural analysis. In this article, the fundamental physics of lightning, multiphysics analysis, numerical implementation and experimental studies about composite materials are reviewed. The relevant international standards and possible characterization methods of lightning strike damage are also reproduced in this article. In addition to this, the current and prospective technologies, to protect composite from lightning strikes are …

Wear Behavior Of Aluminium 6061 Alloy Reinforced With Coated/Uncoated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube And Graphene, Vijee Kumar, Kempaiah Ujjaini Nagegowda, Satish Babu Boppana, Ramesh Sengottuvelu, Palanikumar Kayaroganam

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The current study deals with the fabrication and investigation of wear characteristics of Aluminium 6061(Al6061) hybrid metal matrix composites (MMCs) processed through powder metallurgy technique. Al6061 hybrid MMCs involving fixed 2 wt% of coated/uncoated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and varying weight percentages of graphene were fabricated through ball milling procedure. To enhance the scattering of MWCNTs in the matrix, MWCNTs were coated by means of copper through electroless deposition method. Dry sliding wear conduct of Al6061 MMCs was investigated using a pin-on-disc wear testing machine. It was found that at lower load, composites exhibited lower wear resistance than base alloy …

Improvement On Cost-Performance Ratio Of Fiberglass/Carbon Fiber Hybrid Composite, Nathawat Poopakdee, Warut Thammawichai

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Fiberglass composite (FG) is widely used as a metal substitute in general applications due to its corrosion and chemical resistance, relatively high strength, and low cost. Still, the FG is deficient in performance and relatively heavy for airframes. Carbon fiber composite (CF) is utilized instead as it has greater performance and lower weight. However, the CF is brittle and expensive. Thus, in this work, we combine FG and CF into two types of hybrid composites to achieve a cost-effective solution with greater or comparable mechanical properties to those of CF. The first one uses FG as core and CF as …

Efficiency Of Tri-N-Octylamine For The Liquid-Liquid Extraction Of Co (Ii) From Acidic Chloride Medium, Aishwarya Mishra, Nilam Swain, Sanghamitra Pradhan, Sujata Mishra

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Cobalt criticality is increasing as a function of time and this concern has impelled researchers to ascertain efficient recovery schemes of cobalt. In this paper, an extraction strategy for cobalt utilizing tri-n-octyl amine (TOA) in kerosene from acidic chloride media has been developed. The extraction percentage was found to be 76.7 using 1.5M TOA. The extracted species has been formulated as (R3NH) CoCl3 based on the findings of slope analysis. Influence of various salting out agents like NH4Cl, KCl, and NaCl on the percentage extraction has been analysed and KCl emerged as beneficial for extraction. The estimated values of enthalpy …

Microstructure And Properties Of Zirconia-Alumina Composites Fabricated Via Powder Injection Molding, Nalattaporn Saelee, Nutthita Chuankrerkkul, Panitarn Wanakamol

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This study aimed to fabricate zirconia-alumina composites via powder injection molding and investigated the effects of alumina addition on microstructure as well as physical properties of the composites. Zirconia-alumina composites were prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) as binders.  The powder loading was fixed at 38 vol%, and PEG: PVB binder weight ratio was fixed at 80:20.  Alumina content within ceramic component was varied at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 vol% to observe the effect of alumina on the composite structures and properties. The injection molding was done at 190℃ followed by water debinding of …

Enhancing Stability And Antioxidant Efficacy Of Fisetin By Encapsulating As Β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex With Porous Polylactic Acid Film From Breath Figure, Charasphat Preuksarattanawut, Warinyupa Mangmee, Munchumas Prousoontorn, Ekasit Nisarattanaporn, Krisana Siraleartmukul

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

This research aims to investigate the scope of fisetin (FIT)/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes with the ratios of 1:2 and 2:1 mole by means of freeze-drying, kneading and physical mixing methods (controlled process). Moreover, the complex compounds are analyzed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The results show that the most suitable preparation method of fisetin (FIT)/β-CD complex is the freeze-drying method with the fisetin (FIT) to β-CD ratio at 1:2. The emission of FIT/β-CD was investigated and it is found that the emission rate of freeze-dried FIT/β-CD in 1:2 ratio by freeze-drying method is lower than …

Study Of Mechanical Properties And Characteristics Of Eco-Fibres For Sustainable Children's Clothing, Siti Shukhaila Shaharuddin, Marzie Hatef Jalil, Kaveh Moghadasi

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The aim of this paper is to study the application of eco-fibres as a new approach to achieve the multifunctional design for children’s clothing toward sustainability in the clothing industry. In this regard, this study focuses on the evaluation of the fabrics’ mechanical properties including tensile strength and microstructural details as critical points for multifunctional children's clothing purposes. The eco-fibre fabrics studied are organic cotton twill and recycled polyester. Studies have proven that frequent laundering and dry-cleaning result in increased pilling. Furthermore, high quality of colour fastness properties was found in 100% organic woven cotton fabric and recycled polyester fabric …

Effect Of Micro Graphite Particles On The Microstructure And Mechanical Behavior Of Aluminium 6061 (Al-Mg-Si) Alloy Composites Developed By Novel Two Step Casting Technique, Madeva Nagaral, Raghavendra Pai K., V. Auradi, Bharath V., Shanawaz Patil, Mahantesh S. Tattimani

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

In the present research, the effect of micron sized graphite addition on the microstructure and tensile failure of Al6061 alloy has been studied. The Al6061 alloy metal matrix composites reinforced with 6, 9 and 12 varying weight percentages of graphite particles were fabricated by novel two step stir cast route which helps in improving the wettability of Al6061 alloy matrix with graphite particles. The synthesized composites were subjected to microstructural studies, density, hardness and tensile properties testing. Microstructural characterizations of obtained samples were carried out by SEM microscopy, EDS and XRD patterns. The occurrence of graphite particles were confirmed by …

Sustainable Valorization Of Sugarcane Leaves For Succinic Acid And Biochar Production, Nuttaporn Chokesawatanakit, Pasakorn Jutakridsada, Khanita Kamwilaisak

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

The leaves of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) are agricultural waste that is burnt before harvesting. This project aims to find an alternative way to increase the value of sugarcane leaves and decrease air pollution by using the leaves as raw material to produce succinic acid and biochar. Reducing sugars were extracted from the leaves by H2SO4 hydrolysis. The sugars were then fermented by Yarrowia lipolytica TBRC 4417 to produce succinic acid. The solid residue was used as the raw material for biochar production by pyrolysis. The effects of pyrolysis temperature (350, 400, and 450℃) and nitrogen gas flow rate (5, 10, …

Assessment Of Hydrothermal Parameters On Alkaline Activation Of Fly Ashes Using A Central Composite Design, Ivan Supelano García, César Armando Ortíz Otálora, Carlos Arturo Parra Vargas, Julieth Alexandr Mejía Gómez

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Coal fly ash (CFA) is a powder generated during combustion of coal; its improper disposal constitutes an environmental issue. To minimize this problem, one of the uses of CFA is as feedstock for production of zeolite. Different studies have shown that zeolites may be easily obtained from CFA by relatively cheap and fast conversion processes. Most of these studies have been focused on the study of the zeolite synthesis using classical methods through changing one factor per time and fixing the other factors, where it illustrates the impact of each variable individually via a huge number of experiments, however it …

Debinding Behaviour And Sintering Temperature-Dependent Features Of Coloured Zirconia Fabricated By Ceramic Injection Moulding, Wantanee Buggakupta, Thanakorn Wasanapiarnpong, Nutthita Chuankrerkkul

Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Zirconia (ZrO2) is one of ceramic materials that has very good mechanical and chemical properties suitable for biomedical applications as well as other industrial applications. ZrO2 ceramics, in fact, has been used in orthodontic dentistry. Nowadays, ZrO2 has been played its role in decorative and jewelry purposes, such as watchcases and artificial stones. Ceramic injection moulding (CIM), a near-net shape manufacturing process that can produce small, complex-shaped components and is suitable for large volume production, is one of the best powder fabrication methods. In this work, CIM was carried out in order to form the coloured-ZrO2 specimens. Binders used in …