Membrane Channel Gene Expression In Human Costal And Articular Chondrocytes,
2016
Old Dominion University
Membrane Channel Gene Expression In Human Costal And Articular Chondrocytes, A. Asmar, R. Barrett-Jolley, A. Werner, R. Kelly Jr., M. Stacey
Bioelectrics Publications
Chondrocytes are the uniquely resident cells found in all types of cartilage and key to their function is the ability to respond to mechanical loads with changes of metabolic activity. This mechanotransduction property is, in part, mediated through the activity of a range of expressed transmembrane channels; ion channels, gap junction proteins, and porins. Appropriate expression of ion channels has been shown essential for production of extracellular matrix and differential expression of transmembrane channels is correlated to musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoarthritis and Albers-Sch€onberg. In this study we analyzed the consistency of gene expression between channelomes of chondrocytes from human …
Equilibrium Testing Of Rat Tail Tendon: An Analysis Of The Viscoelastic Properties Of Collagen Under Different Strain Points,
2016
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology
Equilibrium Testing Of Rat Tail Tendon: An Analysis Of The Viscoelastic Properties Of Collagen Under Different Strain Points, Joshua C. Witt
Graduate Theses - Biology & Biomedical Engineering
Instantaneous tensile testing and stress-relaxation testing are forms of mechanical testing used to determine the elastic and viscoelastic properties of biological tissue. Equilibrium testing is a form of testing that combines both of these testing approaches at different strain points to determine the elastic properties of a material and also assess their viscoelastic properties in the same test. This testing method is commonly used on highly viscoelastic materials such as cartilage but has never been fully described in dense collagenous materials such as tendon or ligament. This analysis utilizes different strain points selected to capture the classic non-linear behavior of …
Design And Production Of A Hydrogel Forming Polypeptide: Engaging High School Students In Protein Design,
2016
Cleveland State University
Design And Production Of A Hydrogel Forming Polypeptide: Engaging High School Students In Protein Design, James K. Deyling
ETD Archive
Bioinks are a class of hydrogel that have the potential to be the ink used in the creation of printed organs, connective tissue, and other important structures within the body. One class of material that may be a suitable bioink hydrogel is elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which are synthetic biopolymers inspired by the naturally existing connective tissue elastin. ELPs consist of a repeat pentapeptide sequence (GXGVP)n, where X is any of the 20 naturally existing amino acids other than proline. These biomolecules are capable of exhibiting environmental responsiveness when exposed to certain stimulus such as salt concentration, temperature, and pH, depending …
Role Of E-Cadherin Force In The Spatial Regulation Of Cell Proliferation,
2016
Virginia Commonwealth University
Role Of E-Cadherin Force In The Spatial Regulation Of Cell Proliferation, Abhinav Mohan
Theses and Dissertations
Cell proliferation and contact inhibition play a major role in maintaining epithelial cell homeostasis. A hallmark of epithelial cells is strong cell-cell junctions. These junctions include E-Cadherin, a type of adherens junction that is critical for both barrier function and contact inhibition. Prior experiments by other groups have shown that adherens junctions are subject to mechanical tension. Externally applied forces (e.g. stretch) results in changes in E-Cadherin forces that coordinate proliferation. My current work tests the hypothesis that E-Cadherin forces mediate the spatial regulation of cell proliferation even in the absence of externally applied forces.
Polyethylene Oxide Nanofiber Production By Electrospinning,
2016
Arkansas Tech University
Polyethylene Oxide Nanofiber Production By Electrospinning, H. E. Schneider, J. G. Steuber, W. Du, M. Mortazavi, D. W. Bullock
Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Electrospinning is an inexpensive technique that is used to produce nanofibers for a variety of applications. In electrospinning, a polymer solution is dispensed from a hypodermic-like syringe where an intense electric field attracts the solution to a collector while drawing the polymer into a very thin fiber. The diameter of the fiber can be controlled by tuning the process parameters such as the applied electric field, solution flow rate, distance between syringe tip and collector, and the collector geometry. In this paper we describe results from electrospinning poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a likely candidate for applications involving scaffolding for tissue engineering. …
The Role Of E-Cadherin Force In The Maintenance Of Homeostasis In Epithelial Acini,
2016
Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
The Role Of E-Cadherin Force In The Maintenance Of Homeostasis In Epithelial Acini, Fnu Vani Narayanan
Theses and Dissertations
Numerous three-dimensional model systems have emerged for emulating the biochemical and physiological states of native tissue. Yet little is known about the effects of mechanical forces on cell behavior in the context of an organized tissue structure in three-dimensional cell-culture. Epithelial cells cultured in a three-dimensional environment comprised of extracellular matrix proteins form spheroids of polarized cells. Cellular responses to mechanical cues, generated from dynamic interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, are known to influence cellular behavior to a great extent. Previous studies have shown that tumorigenic progression has been frequently linked to the down regulation of E-cadherin, …
A Scalable Low-Cost Cgmp Process For Clinical Grade Production Of The Hiv Inhibitor 5p12-Rantes In Pichia Pastoris,
2016
University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
A Scalable Low-Cost Cgmp Process For Clinical Grade Production Of The Hiv Inhibitor 5p12-Rantes In Pichia Pastoris, Fabrice Cerini, Hubert Gaertner, Knut Madden, Ilya Tolstorukov, Scott Brown, Bram Laukens, Nico Callewaert, Jay C. Harner, Anna M. Oommen, John T. Harms, Anthony R. Sump, Robert C. Sealock, Dustin J. Peterson, Scott K. Johnson, Stephan B. Abramson, Michael M. Meagher, Robin Offord, Oliver Hartley
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications
In the continued absence of an effective anti-HIV vaccine, approximately 2 million new HIV infections occur every year, with over 95% of these in developing countries. Calls have been made for the development of anti-HIV drugs that can be formulated for topical use to prevent HIV transmission during sexual intercourse. Because these drugs are principally destined for use in low-resource regions, achieving production costs that are as low as possible is an absolute requirement. 5P12-RANTES, an analog of the human chemokine protein RANTES/CCL5, is a highly potent HIV entry inhibitor which acts by achieving potent blockade of the principal HIV …
Pch1 Integrates Circadian And Light-
Signaling Pathways To Control
Photoperiod-Responsive Growth In
Arabidopsis,
2016
Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
Pch1 Integrates Circadian And Light- Signaling Pathways To Control Photoperiod-Responsive Growth In Arabidopsis, He Huang, Chan Yul Yoo, Rebecca Bindbeutel, Jessica Goldsworthy, Allison Tielking, Sophie Alvarez, Michael J. Naldrett, Bradley S. Evans, Meng Chen, Dmitri A. Nusinow
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Plants react to seasonal change in day length through altering physiology and development. Factors that function to harmonize growth with photoperiod are poorly understood. Here we characterize a new protein that associates with both circadian clock and photoreceptor components, named PHOTOPERIODIC CONTROL OF HYPOCOTYL1 (PCH1). pch1 seedlings have overly elongated hypocotyls specifically under short days while constitutive expression of PCH1 shortens hypocotyls independent of day length. PCH1 peaks at dusk, binds phytochrome B (phyB) in a red light-dependent manner, and co-localizes with phyB into photobodies. PCH1 is necessary and sufficient to promote the biogenesis of large photobodies to maintain an …
Novel Small Airway Model Using Electrospun Decellularized Lung Extracellular Matrix,
2016
VCU
Novel Small Airway Model Using Electrospun Decellularized Lung Extracellular Matrix, Bethany M. Young
Theses and Dissertations
Chronic respiratory diseases affects many people worldwide with little known about the mechanisms diving the pathology, making it difficult to find a cure. Improving the understanding of smooth muscle and extracellular matrix (ECM) interaction is key to developing a remedy to this leading cause of death. With currently no relevant or controllable in vivo or in vitro model to investigate diseased and normal interactions of small airway components, the development of a physiologically relevant in vitro model with comparable cell attachment, signaling, and organization is necessary to develop new treatments for airway disease. The goal of this study is to …
Characterization Of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Blends And Fabrication Of Soft Micropillar Arrays For Force Detection,
2016
Virginia Commonwealth University
Characterization Of Poly(Dimethylsiloxane) Blends And Fabrication Of Soft Micropillar Arrays For Force Detection, Thomas J. Petet Jr
Theses and Dissertations
Diseases involving fibrosis cause tens of thousands of deaths per year in the US alone. These diseases are characterized by a large amount of extracellular matrix, causing stiff abnormal tissues that may not function correctly. To take steps towards curing these diseases, a fundamental understanding of how cells interact with their substrate and how mechanical forces alter signaling pathways is vital. Studying the mechanobiology of cells and the interaction between a cell and its extracellular matrix can help explain the mechanisms behind stem cell differentiation, cell migration, and metastasis. Due to the correlation between force, extracellular matrix assembly, and substrate …
Quantitative Comparison Of A Nanoengineered Alumina Coated Cnt Arrays To Sio2 Coated Cnts And Solution Based Delivery System,
2016
Portland State University
Quantitative Comparison Of A Nanoengineered Alumina Coated Cnt Arrays To Sio2 Coated Cnts And Solution Based Delivery System, Shree Aier
Maseeh Summer Undergraduate Research Experience
To meet the growing need for nanoengineered biocompatible materials to serve as drug delivery platforms, in this research, carbon nanotube arrays were fabricated by chemical vapor deposition, followed by an alumina coating by the high yielding, tightly controlled atomic layer deposition. This nanoengineered vertically aligned alumina nanowire array serves as a platform for delivering antigens, which act as cancer adjuvants. The physicochemical characteristics of the nanowires (NWs) can significantly influence the delivery of a biomolecule to immune cells. To investigate the material characteristics, the delivery efficiency of the antigen using NWs was quantitatively assessed by flow cytometry. Further, the mechanism …
A Collagen Based Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Shows Excellent Functionality And Remodelling After Dynamic Conditioning,
2015
Technological University Dublin
A Collagen Based Tissue Engineered Heart Valve Shows Excellent Functionality And Remodelling After Dynamic Conditioning, Claire Brougham, Ricardo Moreira, Tanya J. Levingstone, Stefan Jockenhoevel, Petra Mela, Fergal J. O'Brien
Conference Papers
No abstract provided.
When 1 + 1 > 2: Nanostructured Composites For Hard Tissue Engineering Applications,
2015
Chapman University
When 1 + 1 > 2: Nanostructured Composites For Hard Tissue Engineering Applications, Vuk Uskoković
Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research
Multicomponent, synergistic and multifunctional nanostructures have taken over the spotlight in the realm of biomedical nanotechnologies. The most prospective materials for bone regeneration today are almost exclusively composites comprising two or more components that compensate for the shortcomings of each one of them alone. This is quite natural in view of the fact that all hard tissues in the human body, except perhaps the tooth enamel, are composite nanostructures. This review article highlights some of the most prospective breakthroughs made in this research direction, with the hard tissues in main focus being those comprising bone, tooth cementum, dentin and enamel. …
Modulation Of Valve Interstitial Cell Function Through Cell Shape And Phenotype,
2015
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Modulation Of Valve Interstitial Cell Function Through Cell Shape And Phenotype, Atefeh Razavi
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
The aortic valve is a highly dynamic structure responding to actively to the chemical, mechanical and physical cues of the valve microenvironment. Valve interstitial cells are dispersed throughout the valve tissue and play an important role in maintaining the integrity and optimum function of the valve. They are a heterogeneous population composed of various phenotype. These phenotypes have specific functions characteristic of valve physiological and pathological conditions. The effect of mechanical loading and chemical modulators on the behavior of the valve interstitial cells have largely been studied. However the role of valve interstitial cell shape as an intrinsic physical cue …
Next-Generation Mrna Sequencing Reveals Pyroptosis-Induced Cd4+ T Cell Death In Early Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Lymphoid Tissues,
2015
University of Nebraska—Lincoln
Next-Generation Mrna Sequencing Reveals Pyroptosis-Induced Cd4+ T Cell Death In Early Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Lymphoid Tissues, Wuxun Lu, Andrew J. Demers, Fangrui Ma, Guobin Kang, Zhe Yuan, Yanmin Wan, Yue Li, Jiangqing Xu, Mark Lewis, Qingsheng Li
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Lymphoid tissues (LTs) are the principal sites where human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replicates and virus-host interactions take place, resulting in immunopathology in the form of inflammation, immune activation, and CD4+ T cell death. The HIV-1 pathogenesis in LTs has been extensively studied; however, our understanding of the virus-host interactions in the very early stages of infection remains incomplete. We investigated virus-host interactions in the rectal draining lymph nodes (dLNs) of rhesus macaques at different times after intrarectal inoculation (days postinoculation [dpi]) with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). At 3 dpi, 103 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected using next-generation …
Incorporation Of Fibrin Into A Collagen–Glycosaminoglycan Matrix Results In A Scaffold With Improved Mechanical Properties And Enhanced Capacity To Resist Cell-Mediated Contraction,
2015
Technological University Dublin
Incorporation Of Fibrin Into A Collagen–Glycosaminoglycan Matrix Results In A Scaffold With Improved Mechanical Properties And Enhanced Capacity To Resist Cell-Mediated Contraction, Claire Brougham, Tanya J. Levingstone, Stefan Jockenhoevel, Thomas C. Flanagan, Fergal J. O'Brien
Articles
Fibrin has many uses as a tissue engineering scaffold, however many in vivo studies have shown a reduction in function resulting from the susceptibility of fibrin to cell-mediated contraction. The overall aim of the present study was to develop and characterise a reinforced natural scaffold using fibrin, collagen and glycosaminoglycan (FCG), and to examine the cell-mediated contraction of this scaffold in comparison to fibrin gels. Through the use of an injection loading technique, a homogenous FCG scaffold was developed. Mechanical testing showed a sixfold increase in compressive modulus and a thirtyfold increase in tensile modulus of fibrin when reinforced with …
Investigation Of Bovine Serum Albumin (Bsa)
Attachment Onto Self-Assembled Monolayers
(Sams) Using Combinatorial Quartz Crystal
Microbalance With Dissipation (Qcm-D) And
Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (Se),
2015
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Investigation Of Bovine Serum Albumin (Bsa) Attachment Onto Self-Assembled Monolayers (Sams) Using Combinatorial Quartz Crystal Microbalance With Dissipation (Qcm-D) And Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (Se), Hanh T.M. Phan, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Keith B. Rodenhausen, Mathias Schubert, Jason C. Bartz
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Faculty Publications
Understanding protein adsorption kinetics to surfaces is of importance for various environmental and biomedical applications. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin to various selfassembled monolayer surfaces including neutral and charged hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces was investigated using in-situ combinatorial quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Adsorption of bovine serum albumin varied as a function of surface properties, bovine serum albumin concentration and pH value. Charged surfaces exhibited a greater quantity of bovine serum albumin adsorption, a larger bovine serum albumin layer thickness, and increased density of bovine serum albumin protein compared to neutral surfaces at neutral pH value. The …
Bioengineered Cell Niche For Skeletal Muscle Regeneration,
2015
Purdue University
Bioengineered Cell Niche For Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Nicole M. Whittern, Naagarajan Narayanan, Chunhui Jiang, Owen Jones, Jay Gilbert, Michael Whittern, Shihuan Kuang, Meng Deng
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Skeletal muscles can self-repair minor strains, lacerations, and contusions; however, in cases of volumetric muscle lossand muscle degenerative diseases, tissue fails to regenerate. Current cell-based therapies, such as myoblast transplantation, have significant drawbacks of low survival rates and engraftment efficacy, mainly due to the absence of supportive cell microenvironment. Scaffolds that mimic the natural cell microenvironment provide a robust platform to support cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. Electrospinning is a versatile technology platform used for fabricating the fiber scaffold that mimics the extracellular matrix. Thus, we aim to reconstitute the cell microenvironment through development of aligned fiber scaffolds by …
Viewing The Extracellular Matrix: An Imaging Method For Tissue Engineering,
2015
Purdue University
Viewing The Extracellular Matrix: An Imaging Method For Tissue Engineering, Michael Drakopoulos, Sarah Calve
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
The field of regenerative medicine seeks to create replacement tissues and organs, both to repair deficiencies in biological function and to treat structural damage caused by injury. Scaffoldings mimicking extracellular matrix (ECM), the structure to which cells attach to form tissues, have been developed from synthetic polymers and also been prepared by decellularizing adult tissue. However, the structure of ECM undergoes significant remodeling during natural tissue repair, suggesting that ECM-replacement constructs that mirror developing tissues may promote better regeneration than those modeled on adult tissues. This work investigated the effectiveness of a method of viewing the extracellular matrix of developing …
Selective Protein Labelling To Visualize Cellular Differentiation,
2015
Purdue University
Selective Protein Labelling To Visualize Cellular Differentiation, Andrew J. Witten, Tamara L. Kinzer-Ursem
The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium
Protein post-translational modifications serve to give proteins new cellular function, spatial localization, or enzymatic activity. Myristoylation is a common post-translational modification where the enzyme N-myristoyltransferase adds myristic acid onto the N-terminus of a variety of proteins. In this work we use a myristic acid analog, 12-azidododecanoic acid (12ADA) to facilitate the implementation of azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions on myristoylated proteins. Selective protein labeling methods such as these are useful in research because they can be used to help determine the biological function of this protein lipid modification and can be extended to study disregulated protein myristoylation in disease states. To validate …
