Music Theory Commons^™

Functional And Non-Functional Harmonic Devices In The Music Of Wayne Shorter From The 1960’S: Analysis And Application, Maximilian A. Reynolds

University Honors Theses

During the 1960’s, composers within the jazz genre began to expand their harmonic palette, diverging aesthetically from the compositional tendencies of music from the Great American Songbook and the Bebop repertoire. Of the people making these developments, Wayne Shorter was among the pioneers and is one of the most widely influential composers in jazz from the mid 20th century. My project has identified a selection of techniques that he used to explore new harmonic territory and applied them within an original body of work.

Play Makes Perfect: An Exploration Of Game And Play Elements In Composition And Performance, Gabrielle Chou

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation aims to explore the intersection of play and games in Western classical music and define a new category of pieces, “ludic pieces,” which contain play structures and game mechanics within their composition. Starting with surveying perspectives in ludology and ludomusicology, including those by Roger Caillois, Johan Huizinga, Jesper Juul, Katie Salen, and Eric Zimmerman, I will examine various definitions of a “game” and what its qualifying aspects are. I will then turn to music and consider pieces that interact with play and games without containing game structures, including examples of musical humor and pieces which evoke the imagery …

Formalizing The FretboardʼS Phantasmic Fingers, Nathan Smith

The 21st Century Guitar

This paper shows how the symmetric group S4 can be used to analyze the manifold ways fingers connect with fretted instruments. S4, visualized as the symmetrical manipulations of a cube, consists of all possible permutations of four elements. Therefore, the operations can be used for the fingers of both the fretting and picking hands. I highlight two types of subgroups in S 4 , dihedral (𝔻8 and 𝔻6) and cyclic (ℤ4 and ℤ3), in order to analytically model the experiential differentiation between grouped and isolated conceptions of finger action, respectively. In addition to finger transformations, I define contextual operations that …

Overlapping Gestural Zones And Modulation On The Fifteen-Tone Guitar, William R. Ayers

The 21st Century Guitar

With its unconventional tuning, notation, and performance requirements, Easley Blackwoodʼs Suite for Guitar in 15- Note Equal Tuning serves as a reappraisal of both tonality (through its application of a microtonal equal temperament) and guitar performance practice (with a modified fretboard and note layout). Using concepts from the fields of transformational theory and gestural music theory, this study considers modulatory and sequential passages in two movements from Blackwoodʼs Suite. This paper demonstrates how the fifteen-tone tuning and fretboard provide a unique opportunity to recontextualize the diatonic scale and its generative interval cycles in a consistent transformational space that allows the …

Microtunings, Complexity, Variability: A New Sound Map For The Guitar, Pascale Criton, Caroline Delume

The 21st Century Guitar

How do microtunings help broaden the guitar's sound map and bring new musical possibilities? In this contribution, we present a set of works in which the guitar is tuned in the 72 or 96 equal temperament. They are representative of Pascale Critonʼs writing and were composed between 1996 and 2019. Each type of tuning favors its own map of harmonic relations and the generation of specific acoustic behaviors. We examine their structural, technical and expressive peculiarities and highlight how the writing and the instrumental gesture are renewed by these tunings.

Proceedings Of The 21st Century Guitar Conference 2019 & 2021

The 21st Century Guitar

This volumeʼs contributions grew from 20 of the 94 scheduled keynotes, lectures and lecture-recitals of the first and second editions of The 21st Guitar Conference. Five items stem from the inaugural edition (2019, 44 contributions) and 15 from the second edition (2021, 50 contributions).1 This conference is unique in that it is centered on contemporary guitar research, performance and pedagogy.2 Previously, guitar research had gained increased visibility thanks to the International Guitar Research Centre, launched in 2014 (Stephen Goss, President), which regularly (co-)organizes conferences on guitar research; and Soundboard Scholar, launched in 2015 (Jonathan Leathwood, Editor) ‒ currently the only …

Singing Planets Don't Sing; They Speak, Joanna R. Lauer

Musical Offerings

Ancient Greek philosophers conceived a theory called Music of the Spheres. This ancient theory progressed for almost one thousand years before finally proving itself untrustworthy. However, this examination uncovers an overlooked fact: the large amount of natural order in sound and music existing before the creation of man. Scripture reveals that God is a God of order, and an extensive amount of natural order is found in the universe. Evidence points to God being the creator of the universe. Specific examples of such evidence are the inherent order of sound laid out in pitches, interval ratios, the overtone series, the …

Abstract And Acknowledgments, Oliver Chandler

GFA Refereed Monographs

An overview of the contents of the book, plus the author’s acknowledgements.

Chopin’S Piano Sonata No. 3 In B Minor Op. 58: A Structural Analysis, Maverick Harrold

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

Chopin’s Piano Sonata No. 3 in b minor Op. 58 is an incredibly important composition to the world of music. This work will uncover many of the unique facets and features of this piece as well as discover the beautiful intricacies of each of the four movements. By learning about this sonata, the reader will gain an understanding of the importance of musical structure and musical form and will gain insight into the ways of Chopin’s compositional style and of romantic piano music as a whole.

Give The Drummer Some: A Dive Into Drum Breaks And Drum Break Production, Kyle Kaldhusdal

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This paper traces the history of hip-hop culture through the evolution of the drum break, the original context of drum breaks in funk and soul music, their influence on DJ culture, and the subsequent impact of drum breaks on music and music production. It follows the development of breakbeat compilations in the 1970s and 1980s, parallel to the development of turntablism and sampling techniques. It also examines in detail how copyright litigation in the 1990s shaped the development of sample-based music genres and created a niche market for originally-recorded drum breaks over the subsequent decades.

Weber's Clarinet Concertino Opus 26, Cadence A. Graves

ATU Research Symposium

As a professional musician, it is important that one does not simply learn the notes and rhythms in a piece of music, but also the history surrounding it and its composer. There is much to learn about a piece of music and how it may be performed from original scores, performance history, and knowledge of the composer and the time period in which it was written. This lecture recital aims to open eyes to the amount of relevant knowledge one can gain from researching a piece of music’s composer, setting, and the importance of doing this research. This presentation will …

The Impressionist Impact: How Claude Debussy Influenced Non-Western Composers And Music, Ragan Love

University Honors Theses

Achille-Claude Debussy (1862-1918) was a French composer and a pioneer in Impressionist music and experimented with an original system of harmony which would shape music for the rest of the 20th century. His work would go on to impact the compositional style of two other composers, Toru Takemitsu (1930-1996), a Japanese composer, and Herbie Hancock (1940- ), a jazz performer and composer. Throughout this project you will see the influence that Debussy had on these other composers through a multimedia experience with scores and recordings. Debussy's use of chromaticism and modal melodies are big contributors to the music of Takemitsu …

Teaching Music Theory And History With Collaborative Awareness, Karin Thompson, Max Keller

Andrews University Teaching and Learning Conference

The disciplines of music history and music theory are integrally linked: One cannot be studied without the other. Courses in these disciplines are at the core of many undergraduate music degree programs, and upon completing a graduate degree in music at Andrews University, students are expected to demonstrate the ability to synthesize their knowledge in both disciplines. The path towards successfully teaching these skills of synthesis involves awareness and collaboration between teachers in both disciplines, and it involves active inclusion of students’ own choices and goals in the music they study.

Soundboard Scholar No. 8: Cover

Soundboard Scholar

Cover image: Ex Libris bookplate for Jane Patterson by Robert Anning Bell. Line illustration from 1893 that appeared in The Studio: An Illustrated Magazine of Fine and Applied Art. Private Collection.

A Musical Debt Repaid With Interest: Haydn’S “Farewell” Symphony, Clementi’S Piano Sonata, Opus 25/5, And Haydn’S Piano Trio, Hob. Xv: 26, James S. Mackay

HAYDN: Online Journal of the Haydn Society of North America

In 1772, Joseph Haydn composed his Farewell Symphony, so named because of the elaborate ruse of its closing movement, in which the performers depart one by one, leaving two violinists to complete the movement on their own. This eccentric finale, though justly famous, has overshadowed the equally bold and tonally unusual opening movement, in which Haydn bypasses the relative major in the exposition, instead concluding this section in the minor dominant. This tonal decision, though common in C. P. E. Bach (whose music Haydn knew and admired), was exceedingly rare in Haydn’s output, and represents a unique tonal experiment among …

Editor's Letter, Jonathan Leathwood

Soundboard Scholar

An introduction to the contents of Soundboard Scholar, no. 8.

Voice Leading In Fugue, Yuval Shapira

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation examines voice leading in the fugues of J. S. Bach’s Well-Tempered Clavier from a Schenkerian perspective. In Bach’s fugues, thematic material usually permeates all the parts, making the surface diminutions unusually complex. Given the predominance of the subject, there is a tendency in the Schenkerian tradition to base the voice-leading analysis of a fugue on an a priori analysis of the subject by itself. Based on the subject’s outline, one might expect to find the fugal thematic layout reflected in the underlying voice leading, conceiving the fugal surface as an elaboration of a simpler quasi-fugal substructure. I argue …

Music Lessons, Cecilia-Rose Louise Bender

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

music lessons is a digital chapbook that explores the relationships between James Baldwin’s writing and Beauford Delaney’s paintings through music. From Delaney’s “Composition 16” (1954-56) to Baldwin’s “The Uses of the Blues” (1964), their collaboration with the core elements of jazz music gives their work rhythm and melodic contour that any/body can vibe with. Absorbing the influences of artists Ella Fitzgerald, Miles Davis, Ray Charles, and putting them to paint and text, music lessons demonstrates how music not only transforms the ways we experience and move our bodies but also the ways that we perceive space, relationships, and time. What’s …

Identity And Complexity In Chaya Czernowin’S Ina, Eliav Kohl

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chaya Czernowin’s Ina (1988) for solo bass flute and six pre-recorded flute parts, unfolds the drama of a protagonist battling her conflicting inner voices. Czernowin interrogates the concept of identity and asks the questions—what is an identity? To what extent can a particular identity endure its own complexities? My analysis demonstrates how the growing levels of musical complexity represent the growing independence of Ina’s multiple inner voices, and how musical simplicity enables their unification. I present two oppositional forces: an intertwining force, and a splitting force. The intertwining force acts very much like a gravitational force in the musical domain—it …

Exploring Jam Sessions In New York, Ricardo Pinheiro

The IASJ Journal of Applied Jazz Research

This paper addresses the relationship between jazz jam sessions in Manhattan, and the concepts of Scene, Ritual and Race. These issues emerged during research that, from an ethnomusicological perspective, focused on the role of jam sessions in Manhattan as a privileged context for the following:

i) learning performative styles of jazz,

ii) developing the creative process,

iii) constructing professional networks,

iv) establishing of the status of musicians.

Studying and analysing the jam sessions at five jazz performance venues in New York, I demonstrate the vital importance of participating in jam sessions by examining their relationship with this performative occasion (Pinheiro …