Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Recommendations For The Use Of Common Outcome Measures In Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Stephen R. Mccauley, Elisabeth A. Wilde, Vicki A. Anderson, Gary Bedell, Sue R. Beers, Thomas F. Campbell, Sandra B. Chapman, Linda Ewing-Cobbs, Joan P. Gerring, Gerard A. Gioia, Harvey S. Levin, Linda J. Michaud, Mary R. Prasad, Bonnie R. Swaine, Lyn S. Turkstra, Shari L. Wade, Keith O. Yeates

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

This article addresses the need for age-relevant outcome measures for traumatic brain injury (TBI) research and summarizes the recommendations by the inter-agency Pediatric TBI Outcomes Workgroup. The Pediatric Workgroup's recommendations address primary clinical research objectives including characterizing course of recovery from TBI, prediction of later outcome, measurement of treatment effects, and comparison of outcomes across studies. Consistent with other Common Data Elements (CDE) Workgroups, the Pediatric TBI Outcomes Workgroup adopted the standard three-tier system in its selection of measures. In the first tier, core measures included valid, robust, and widely applicable outcome measures with proven utility in pediatric TBI from …

Drive For Muscularity And Drive For Thinness: The Impact Of Pro-Anorexia Websites, Lilia Juarez, Ernesto Soto, Mary Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

In recent years, websites that stress the message of thinness as the ideal and only choice have surfaced on the internet. The possibility that pro-anorexia websites may reinforce restrictive eating and exercise behaviors is an area of concern. In addition, friends may be influencing one another to view these websites, further contributing to drive for thinness in women and drive for muscularity in men. Three hundred male and female undergraduate psychology students responded to questionnaires assessing: internalization of pro-anorexia website content, internalization of general media content, influence of friends to view pro-anorexia websites, peer influence, drive for muscularity, and drive …

Risk Factors For Depression Among Married Women Belonging To Higher And Lower Socioeconomic Status In Karachi, Pakistan, Saima Zainab, Zafar Fatmi, Ambreen Kazi

Community Health Sciences

OBJECTIVES: To determine the risk factors for depression among married women belonging to low and high socioeconomic status in Karachi.METHODS: The study design was cross-sectional. The data was collected from 128 adult married women during July to September 2005. The women were selected from different socioeconomic classes from five hospitals/institutes in Karachi. The Centre for Epidemiology Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale was used to screen the subjects for depression and a structured questionnaire was used to identify the factors for depression.RESULT: According to the CES-D scale, 65% of the study population was found to be depressed. Among the women from high socioeconomic …

Interactions Between Antiepileptics And Second-Generation Antipsychotics, Jose De Leon, Vincenza Santoro, Concetta D'Arrigo, Edoardo Spina

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug interactions (DIs) can occur between antiepileptics (AEDs) and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAPs). Some AED and SGAP pharmacodynamic mechanisms are poorly understood. AED-SGAP combinations are used for treating comorbid illnesses or increasing efficacy, particularly in bipolar disorder.

AREAS COVERED: This article provides a comprehensive review of the interactions between antiepileptics and second-generation antipsychotics. The authors cover pharmacokinetic AED-SGAP DI studies, the newest drug pharmacokinetics in addition to the limited pharmacodynamic DI studies.

EXPERT OPINION: Dosing correction factors and measuring SGAP levels can help to compensate for the inductive properties of carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital and primidone. Further studies …

Avoidant Personality Disorder, Charles A. Sanislow, Ellen E. Bartolini, Emma C. Zoloth

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Blocking Developmental Cell Death On Sexually Dimorphic Calbindin Cell Groups In The Preoptic Area And Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis, Richard F. Gilmore, Megan Varnum, Nancy Forger

Nancy Forger

Background: Calbindin-D28 has been used as a marker for the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area (SDN-POA). Males have a distinct cluster of calbindin-immunoreactive (ir) cells in the medial preoptic area (CALB-SDN) that is reduced or absent in females. However, it is not clear whether the sex difference is due to the absolute number of calbindin-ir cells or to cell position (that is, spread), and the cellular mechanisms underlying the sex difference are not known. We examined the number of cells in the CALB-SDN and surrounding regions of C57Bl/6 mice and used mice lacking the pro-death gene, Bax, to …

Assessments Of Textbook Usage And The Relationship To Student Course Performance, R. Landrum, Regan Gurung, Nathan Spann

R. Eric Landrum

The authors conducted two studies regarding student textbook preferences; the first developed an original measurement tool (the Collegiate Student Assessment of Textbooks [CSAT]), including an examination of the relationship between student textbook preferences with learning- and grade-oriented attitudes. The second study was a large-scale national study administering the CSAT and the Textbook Assessment and Usage Scale (TAUS; Gurung and Martin 2011) to introductory psychology students; a portion of the study includes actual student course performance data. CSAT and TAUS subscale comparisons indicate (a) converging validity, (b) significant relationships to percentage of textbook read, and (c) relationships between GPA and expected …

A Community-Integrated Home Based Depression Intervention For Older African Americans: Descripton Of The Beat The Blues Randomized Trial And Intervention Costs., Laura N Gitlin, Lynn Fields Harris, Megan Mccoy, Nancy L Chernett, Eric Jutkowitz, Laura T Pizzi

Center for Applied Research on Aging and Health Research Papers

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Primary care is the principle setting for depression treatment; yet many older African Americans in the United States fail to report depressive symptoms or receive the recommended standard of care. Older African Americans are at high risk for depression due to elevated rates of chronic illness, disability and socioeconomic distress. There is an urgent need to develop and test new depression treatments that resonate with minority populations that are hard-to-reach and underserved and to evaluate their cost and cost-effectiveness. METHODS/DESIGN: Beat the Blues (BTB) is a single-blind parallel randomized trial to assess efficacy of a non-pharmacological intervention to …

Psychosis In Indigenous Populations Of Cape York And The Torres Strait, Ernest M. Hunter, Bruce D. Gynther, Carrick J. Anderson, Leigh-Ann L. Onnis, Jeffrey R. Nelson, Wayne Hall, Bernhard T. Baune, Aaron R. Groves

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objective: To describe and characterise treated psychotic disorders in the Indigenous populations of Cape York and the Torres Strait.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis of patients with a psychotic disorder identified by treating psychiatrists.

Setting and participants: Indigenous patients aged 􏰀 15 years in Cape York and Torres Strait communities receiving treatment for a psychotic disorder over 3 months in 2010.

Main outcome measures: Prevalence of psychosis diagnoses, intellectual disability, and substance use comorbidities.

Results: 171 patients were included. The prevalence rate in this population was 1.68%, higher for males (2.60%) than females (0.89%), and twice as high in the Aboriginal (2.05%) …

Preventing Mental Distress In The Military, Charles Nelson, Kate St. Cyr, Bradley Corbett, Elisa Hurley, Shannon Gifford, Jon D. Elhaid, J. Donald Richardson

RDC@Western Research Highlights

No abstract provided.

Preventing Mental Distress In The Military, Charles Nelson, Kate St. Cyr, Bradley Corbett, Elisa Hurley, Shannon Gifford, Jon D. Elhai, J. Donald Richardson

CRDCN Research Highlight/RCCDR en évidence

No abstract provided.

Discerning Reported Suicide Attempts Within A Youthful Offender Population, Christopher A. Mallett, Leaanne Derigne, Linda M. Quinn, Patricia A. Stoddard Dare

Social Work Faculty Publications

With suicide being the third leading cause of death among young people, early identification of risk is critical, particularly for those involved with the juvenile courts. In this study of court-involved youth (N = 433) in two Midwest counties, logistic regression analysis identified some expected and unexpected findings of important demographic, educational, mental health, child welfare, and juvenile court-related variables that were linked to reported suicide attempts. Some of the expected suicide attempt risk factors for these youth included prior psychiatric hospitalization and related mental health services, residential placement, and diagnoses of depression and alcohol dependence. However, the most unexpected …

Medical Evaluation And Triage Of The Agitated Patient: Consensus Statement Of The American Association For Emergency Psychiatry Project Beta Medical Evaluation Workgroup, Kimberly Nordstrom, Leslie S. Zun, Michael P. Wilson, Victor Stiebel, Anthony T. Ng, Benjamin Bregman, Eric L. Anderson

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Numerous medical and psychiatric conditions can cause agitation, some of these causes are life threatening. It is important to be able to differentiate between medical and non-medical causes of agitation so that patients can receive appropriate and timely treatment. This article aims to educate all clinicians in non-medical settings, such as mental health clinics, and medical settings on the differing levels of severity in agitation, basic triage, use of de-escalation, and factors, symptoms, and signs in determining whether a medical etiology is likely. Lastly, this article focuses on the medical workup of agitation when a medical etiology is suspected or …

Body Dissatisfaction: Commitment, Support And Trust In Romantic Relationships, Lilia Juarez, Mary Pritchard

Psychological Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Research investigating dimensions of relationship quality (Markey, Markey, & Birch, 2001; Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason, 1996) has suggested that aspects of relationship quality (e.g., commitment, support, trust) are related to lower levels of body dissatisfaction in women. However no studies have examined the effect of all three measures of relationship quality on body dissatisfaction simultaneously. Trust and support correlated with body dissatisfaction in men and women. Additionally the results showed that lack of support is a predictor of body dissatisfaction in men, lack of trust is a predictor in women; relationship commitment did not appear to relate to body dissatisfaction.

Vitamin D: Does It Play A Role In Psychiatry, Mukesh Mohan Bhimani

Department of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Sources By Which Students Perceive Professional Counselors' Effectiveness, Michael W. Firmin, Richard A. Wantz, Ruth L. Firmin, Courtney B. Johnson

Psychology Faculty Publications

Using qualitative research methods interviews were conducted with college students regarding the sources they used in generating perceptions of professional counselors. Respondents believed that word of mouth, media sources, and personal experiences were responsible for their understandings of professional counselors. The findings have applications for leaders in professional counseling organizations.

Long Term Predictive Validity Of Diagnostic Models For Personality Disorder: Integrating Trait And Disorder Concepts, Leslie C. Morey, Christopher J. Hopwood, John C. Markowitz, John G. Gunderson, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. Mcglashan, M. Tracie Shea, Shirley Yen, Charles A. Sanislow, Andrew E. Skodol

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Background. Several conceptual models have been considered for the assessment of personality pathology in DSM-5. This study sought to extend our previous findings to compare the long-term predictive validity of three such models: the Five-Factor Model (FFM), the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP), and DSM-IV personality disorders (PDs).

Method. An inception cohort from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorder Study (CLPS) was followed for 10 years. Baseline data were used to predict long-term outcomes, including functioning, Axis I psychopathology, and medication use.

Results. Each model was significantly valid, predicting a host of important clinical outcomes. Lower-order elements of the …

Long-Term Outcomes In Borderline Psychopathology: Old Assumptions, Current Findings, And New Directions, Charles A. Sanislow, Katherine L. Marcus, Elizabeth M. Reagan

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and historical variants of the diagnosis were long held to represent an intractable syndrome of psychopathology consisting of interpersonal, intrapsychic, and affective disturbances. For years, patients labeled “borderline” were regarded pejoratively due at least in part to the lack of effective treatments. Prospective data from recent naturalistic follow-along studies along with the development of treatments with empirically demonstrated efficacy have changed how BPD is viewed. It is now less common to hide the diagnosis from the patient, and BPD has become a useful label to guide the treatment process and help the patient make sense of …

Psychosis And Smoking Cessation: Difficulties In Quitting Associated With Sex And Substance Abuse, Ana González-Pinto, Susana Alberich, Sonia Ruiz De Azúa, Mónica Martínez-Cengotitabengoa, Miryan Fernández, Miguel Gutiérrez, Margarita Saenz, Ariadna Besga, Paloma Galdós, Jose De Leon

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

No prospective studies of first psychotic episodes have explored sex differences in smoking cessation. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of sex and substance abuse on smoking cessation during an 8-year follow-up of patients after a first psychotic episode. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with smoking cessation by sex. To examine for sex variable interactions, the following two methods were used: 1) for other clinical variables, mixed analyses were calculated; and 2) for use of other substances, logistic regression models were performed only in the substance users. At baseline, 79% of men …

Can The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale (Srrs) Be Used As A Suicide Risk Scale? An Exploratory Study, Hilario Blasco-Fontecilla, David Delgado-Gomez, Teresa Legido-Gil, Jose De Leon, M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez, Enrique Baca-Garcia

Psychiatry Faculty Publications

The objective of this research was to examine whether the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale, a life event scale, can be used to identify suicide attempters. The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale's ability to identify suicide attempters was tested in 1183 subjects (478 suicide attempters, 197 psychiatric inpatients, and 508 healthy controls) using the Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis and traditional psychometric methods. The Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis outperformed traditional psychometric approaches (area under the curve: 0.85 vs. 0.78; p < 0.05) and indicated that this scale may be used to identify suicide attempters. The life events that better characterized suicide attempters were change in frequency of arguments, marital separation, and personal injury. The Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Rating Scale may help identify suicide attempters.