Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Selective Inhibition Of Angiotensin Receptor Signaling Through Erk1/2 Pathway By A Novel Peptide, Jun Liu, Gina L. Yosten, Hong Ji, Dan Zhang, Wei Zheng, Robert C. Speth, Willis K. Samson, Kathryn Sandberg

HPD Articles

A seven-amino acid peptide (PEP7) is encoded within a short open reading frame within exon 2 (E2) in the 5'-leader sequence (5'LS) upstream of the rat ANG 1a-receptor (rAT1aR) mRNA. A chemically synthesized PEP7 markedly inhibited ANG II-induced Erk1/2 activation in cell culture by 62% compared with a scrambled PEP7 (sPEP7) [pErk1/2/Erk1/2 (AU): ANG II, 1.000 ± 0.0, ANG II+PEP7, 0.3812 ± 0.086, ANG II+sPEP7, 1.069 ± 0.18; n = 3]. Under these same conditions, PEP7 had no effect on ANG II-stimulated inositol-trisphosphate production. PEP7 also had no effect on epidermal growth factor- and phorbol methyl ester-induced Erk1/2 activation, suggesting …

Advanced Screencasting With Embedded Assessments In Pathophysiology And Therapeutics Course Modules, Ashley Woodruff, Megan Jensen, William Loeffler, Lisa M. Avery

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective. To implement and assess the effectiveness of a hybrid learning model using advanced screencasting with embedded assessments in pathophysiology and therapeutics modules.

Design. Two pathophysiology and therapeutics course modules on viral hepatitis and the clinical pharmacokinetics of aminoglycosides were chosen for study. The preclass portion of the hybrid model involved student completion of interactive e-lectures that were created with the use of advanced screencasting and included embedded assessments. Students viewed the e-lectures and completed the assessment questions prior to in-class lecture.

Assessment. Preimplementation and postimplementation test scores were compared and student survey data were analyzed. Test scores improved significantly …

A Random Sequential Mechanism Of Aminoglycoside Acetylation By Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Eis Protein, Oleg V. Tsodikov, Keith D. Green, Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

An important cause of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics is the enzymatic acetylation of their amino groups by acetyltransferases, which abolishes their binding to and inhibition of the bacterial ribosome. Enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mt) is one of such acetyltransferases, whose upregulation was recently established as a cause of resistance to aminoglycosides in clinical cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis. The mechanism of aminoglycoside acetylation by MtEis is not completely understood. A systematic analysis of steady-state kinetics of acetylation of kanamycin A and neomycin B by Eis as a function of concentrations of these aminoglycosides …

The Association Between Influenza Treatment And Hospitalization-Associated Outcomes Among Korean Children With Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza, Jacqueline K. Lim, Tae Hee Kim, Paul E. Kilgore, Allison E. Aiello, Byung Min Choi, Kwang Chul Lee, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young-Hwan Song, Yun-Kyung Kim

Department of Pharmacy Practice

There are limited data evaluating the relationship between influenza treatment and hospitalization duration. Our purpose assessed the association between different treatments and hospital stay among Korean pediatric influenza patients. Total 770 children ≤ 15 yr-of-age hospitalized with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza at three large urban tertiary care hospitals were identified through a retrospective medical chart review. Demographic, clinical, and cost data were extracted and a multivariable linear regression model was used to assess the associations between influenza treatment types and hospital stay. Overall, there were 81% of the patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed influenza who received antibiotic monotherapy whereas only 4% of …

Development Of An Evidence‐Based Implementation Plan For A System‐Wide Anticoagulation Management Service, Sarah Varney

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

The Mercy Health System of Maine (MHSM) is a large healthcare system located in Southern Maine. It consists of three inpatient campuses, one level II Emergency Department, four Express Care centers, seven Primary Care locations and an array of specialist practices. The organization has identified a need for improved management of anticoagulation therapy within the system as a large number of patients are receiving anticoagulation therapy throughout all of the various healthcare access sites. In order to address this need, MHSM seeks to implement a system‐wide, standardized approach for managing patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.

Controlling Protein Release Using Biodegradable Microparticles, Benjamin Patrick Kline

Open Access Theses

Research in the field of protein therapeutics has exploded over the past decade and continues to grow in both academia and in industry. Protein drugs have advantages of being highly specific and highly active making them coveted targets for high profile disease states like cancer and multiple sclerosis. Unfortunately, their many advantages are complemented by their obstacles. Because proteins are highly active and highly specific, the window between efficacy and toxicity is very narrow and drug development can be long and arduous. In addition, protein activity is dependent on its specific folding conformation that is easily disrupted by a variety …

Pharmacy Newsletter : April 2014, Pharmacy Department

Pharmacy Newsletter

Content:

• Investiture of Clean Room Pharmacy, Epitomize USP Chapter
• 2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults
• Anticoagulation Clinic - Enhancing Patient Care
• Clinical Quality and Patient Safety Indicators

Glutamate Transporter Control Of Ambient Glutamate Levels, Weinan Sun, Denis M. Shchepakin, Leonid Kalachev, Michael P. Kavanaugh

Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

Accurate knowledge of the ambient extracellular glutamate concentration in brain is required for understanding its potential impacts on tonic and phasic receptor signaling. Estimates of ambient glutamate based on microdialysis measurements are generally in the range of ∼2–10 μM, approximately 100-fold higher than estimates based on electrophysiological measurements of tonic NMDA receptor activity (∼25–90 nM). The latter estimates are closer to the low nanomolar estimated thermodynamic limit of glutamate transporters. The reasons for this discrepancy are not known, but it has been suggested that microdialysis measurements could overestimate ambient extracellular glutamate because of reduced glutamate transporter activity in a …

The Fda Funding Crisis, Judith Alphonse, Sireesha Bellam, Marlene Fernandez, Anishka Gilbert, Lauren Roper, Antonia Zapantis, Robert C. Speth

HPD Articles

The role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is to ensure the safety of prescription and nonprescription drugs, dietary supplements, and the food supply, representing more than 20% of US consumer spending. The increased need to monitor imported drugs, drug products and foods, drug shortages, and compounding pharmacies bring the adequacy of FDA funding into question. Performing even at status quo cannot be accomplished if responsibilities increase without equitable funding increases: both from the federal government and fees imposed on FDA-regulated industries. Additionally, scientific advancement, new legislation, and new industries are continually increasing the FDA workload, necessitating commensurate budget …

Tumor Radiation Therapy Creates Therapeutic Vaccine Responses To The Colorectal Cancer Antigen Gucy2c., Matthew Witek, Erik S Blomain, Michael Sullivan Magee, Bo Xiang, Scott A Waldman, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

PURPOSE: Radiation therapy (RT) is thought to produce clinical responses in cancer patients, not only through direct toxicity to cancer cells and supporting tumor stroma cells, but also through activation of immunologic effectors. More recently, RT has potentiated the local and systemic effects of cancer immunotherapy (IT). However, combination regimens that maximize immunologic and clinical efficacy remain undefined.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated the impact of local RT on adenoviral-mediated vaccination against the colorectal cancer antigen GUCY2C (Ad5-GUCY2C) in a murine subcutaneous tumor model using mouse CT26 colon cancer cells (CT26-GUCY2C). Immune responses were assessed by ELISpot, and clinical responses …

Mechanism Underlying Ikk Activation Mediated By The Linear Ubiquitin Chain Assembly Complex (Lubac), Hiroaki Fujita, Simin Rahighi, Mariko Akita, Ryuichi Kato, Yoshiteru Sasaki, Soichi Wakatsuki, Kazuhiro Iwai

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) ligase, consisting of HOIL-1L, HOIP, and SHARPIN, specifically generates linear polyubiquitin chains. LUBAC-mediated linear polyubiquitination has been implicated in NF-κB activation. NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, is a substrate of LUBAC, but the precise molecular mechanism underlying linear chain-mediated NF-κB activation has not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that linearly polyubiquitinated NEMO activates IKK more potently than unanchored linear chains. In mutational analyses based on the crystal structure of the complex between the HOIP NZF1 and NEMO CC2-LZ domains, which are involved in the HOIP-NEMO interaction, NEMO mutations …

Pharmacy Student Self-Testing As A Predictor Of Examination Performance, David Stewart, Peter Panus, Nicholas E. Hagemeier, Jim Thigpen, Lauren Brooks

ETSU Faculty Works

Objectives. To determine if student self-testing improves performance during a doctor of pharmacy course.

Methods. Students were given access to online quizzes with a large pool of randomly selected questions specific to upcoming examination content. Quizzes were electronically scored immediately upon completion and students were provided corrective feedback.

Results. Examination scores following implementation of the practice quizzes were significantly higher in all but the last testing period. The upper fiftieth percentile of students scored higher on both the practice quizzes and subsequent examinations in all but the fourth testing period.

Conclusions. Providing pharmacy students with self-testing opportunities could increase their …

A Systematic Approach To Parenteral Nutrition Order Review And Verification, Phil Ayers, Jane Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe

Jane M. Gervasio

Because PN administration errors occur at the point of patient contact, mistakes in this phase of the medication delivery process are less likely than other types of PN errors to be intercepted, and more likely to cause harm. Data pertaining to the incidence of errors related to PN administration are scarce. A recent survey revealed that 44% of organizations do not track PN-related medication errors and do not know where in the process errors may be happening. The literature does provide some insight into the scope of the problem, however. In one prospective observational study of errors associated with parenteral …

Knowledge Of And Perceived Need For Evidence-Based Education About Antipsychotic Medications Among Nursing Home Leadership And Staff, Celeste Lemay, Kathleen Mazor, Terry Field, Jennifer Donovan, Abir Kanaan, Becky Briesacher, Sarah Foy, Leslie Harrold, Jerry Gurwitz, Jennifer Tjia

Jennifer Tjia

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Antipsychotic use is common in US nursing homes, despite evidence of increased risk of morbidity and mortality, and limited efficacy in older adults with dementia. Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding antipsychotic use among nursing home staff are unclear. The study aim was to describe nursing home leadership and direct care staff members' knowledge of antipsychotic risks, beliefs and attitudes about the effectiveness of antipsychotics and nonpharmacologic management of dementia-related behaviors, and perceived need for evidence-based training about antipsychotic medication safety. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MEASUREMENTS: Survey of leadership and direct care staff of nursing homes in Connecticut was conducted …

Compositions And Methods For Selectively Targeting Cancer Cells Using A Thiaminase Compound, Jeffrey A. Moscow, Shuqian Liu, Younsoo Bae

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

Compositions and methods of treating cancer using a thiaminase compound are described. The presently-disclosed subject matter includes a method of treating cancer by administering a thiaminase compound and a thiamine-dependent enzyme inhibitor.

A.S.P.E.N. Parenteral Nutrition Safety Consensus Recommendations, Phil Ayers, Stephen Adams, Joseph Boullata, Jane M. Gervasio, Beverly Holcombe, Michael D. Kraft, Neil Marshall, Antoinette Neal, Gordon Sacks, David S. Seres, Patricia Worthington, American Society For Parenteral And Enteral Nutrition

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Parenteral nutrition (PN) serves as an important therapeutic modality that is used in adults, children, and infants for a variety of indications. The appropriate use of this complex therapy aims to maximize clinical benefit while minimizing the potential risks for adverse events. Complications can occur as a result of the therapy and as the result of the PN process. These consensus recommendations are based on practices that are generally accepted to minimize errors with PN therapy, categorized in the areas of PN prescribing, order review and verification, compounding, and administration. These recommendations should be used in conjunction with other A.S.P.E.N. …

Antiplasmodial And Antioxidant Isoquinoline Alkaloids From Dehaasia Longipedicellata, Kok Hoong Leong

Kok Hoong Leong

The crude extract of the bark of Dehaasia longipedicellata exhibited antiplasmodial activity against the growth of Plasmodium falciparum K1 isolate (resistant strain). Phytochemical studies of the extract led to the isolation of six alkaloids: two morphinandienones, (+)-sebiferine (1) and (−)-milonine (2); two aporphines, (−)-boldine (3) and (−)-norboldine (4); one benzlyisoquinoline, (−)-reticuline (5); and one bisbenzylisoquinoline, (−)-O-O-dimethylgrisabine (6). Their structures were determined on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and LCMS spectroscopic techniques and upon comparison with literature values. Antiplasmodial activity was determined for all of the isolated compounds. They showed potent to moderate activity with IC50 values …

Tripartite Conflicts Of Interest And High Stakes Patent Extensions In The Dsm-5, Lisa Cosgrove, Sheldon Krimsky, Emily E. Wheeler, Jenesse Kaitz, Scott B. Greenspan, Nicole L. Dipentima

Counseling and School Psychology Faculty Publication Series

Background: The revision process for and recent publication of the DSM-5 initiated debates about the widening of diagnostic boundaries. The pharmaceutical industry had a major financial stake in the outcome of these debates. This study examines the three-part relationship among DSM panel members, principal investigators (PIs) of clinical trials for new DSM-5 diagnoses, and drug companies.

Methods: Financial conflicts of interest (FCOI) of DSM panel members responsible for some new diagnoses in the DSM-5 and PIs of clinical trials for related drug treatments were identified. Trials were found by searching ClinicalTrials.gov. Patent and revenue information about these drugs was found …

Pharmacy Law Brief: Medications And Lawful Executions, Joseph L. Fink Iii

Pharmacy Practice and Science Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Identifying Community Pharmacists’ Readiness To Participate In Transitions Of Care, Nicole Gibson, Clark Kebodeaux, Daron L. Smith, Kellye Holtgrave, Nicole M. Gattas

Clark Kebodeaux