Endocrinology Commons^™

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Inflammatory Response Of Calves Castrated By Banding Post-Weaning, Brian K. Whitlock, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves, and painful procedures are increasingly becoming a public concern. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of meloxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory, on performance and inflammatory response in weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (weaned) beef calves [10.0±0.2 mo old; 304±6 kg BW] were blocked by age, BW, wither height, scrotal circumference, and source, then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding with …

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Behavior Of Calves Castrated By Banding Pre-Weaning, Joseph A. Daniel, Peter D. Krawczel, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

The objective was to determine if oral meloxicam (M; a non-steroid anti-inflammatory) administered at castration of pre-weaning calves affected ADG or behavior. Prior to castration (14 d), Angus bulls were assigned to bull (BULL; n = 7; age 106 ± 6 d; BW = 174.2 ±7.7 kg; scrotal circumference 17.7 ± 0.4 cm), castrated (BAN; n = 12; age = 105 ± 5 d; BW = 144.5 ± 7.6 kg; scrotal circumference = 16 ± 0.4 cm) or castrated with meloxicam (BAN+M; n = 13; age = 121 ± 6 d; BW = 145.8 ± 6 kg; scrotal circumference = …

Meloxicam Mediates Short-Term Behavioral Changes Of Castrated Calves, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves and painful procedures are increasingly a public concern. Therefore, practical pain mitigation is critical. The objective was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of NSAID, meloxicam, on the behavior of weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (56 d post-weaning) beef calves [10.0 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) mo old; 304 ± 6 kg BW] were blocked by multiple factors then randomly assigned to 3 treatments (n = 16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding …

The Role Of The Liver X Receptor (Lxr) In The Fetal Programming Of Hepatic Gluconeogenesis, (Peter) Thin X. Vo

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome create enormous burdens on society. Epidemiological studies now strongly implicate intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) for increasing the risk of developing chronic diseases later on in life. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying how IUGR leads to the increased susceptibility to these metabolic diseases in adulthood is not well understood. The Liver-X-Receptor (LXR) is a nuclear receptor involved in cholesterol, glucose, and lipid metabolism. LXR acts to decrease gluconeogenesis through repression of glucose-6-phosphatase(G6Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK), and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1(11β-HSD1). Using a well-characterized model of maternal protein restriction in rats, this study …

Associations Between Alcohol Consumption And Fasting Blood Glucose In Young Adults, Julie Ann Lucca

Master's Theses

Current research shows moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of diabetes and excessive consumption or binge drinking can cause insulin resistance and diabetes. In 2010, diabetes was the seventh leading cause of death in the United Statesand was responsible for significant health complications: blindness, kidney failure, and limb amputations, and is a large national economic burden. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is a tool used to help diagnose diabetes. Abnormally high FBG, ≥100 mg/dl, is indicative of diabetes and pre-diabetes. Few studies have observed diabetic prevalence among young adults or college students. Studying young adults can help provide added …

Fatty Acid Fate In Determining Oxidation And Inflammation In Adipose Tissue, Emilio Patrick Mottillo

Wayne State University Dissertations

Adipose tissue (AT) is a critical regulator of energy balance through its ability to store or oxidize free fatty acids (FFAs). White adipose tissue (WAT) functions as an anabolic organ to sequester and release FAs, in contrast brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a catabolic organ that oxidizes FAs. However, a comprehensive understanding of the role that FFAs play in the function of WAT and BAT is needed. Here we demonstrate that intracellular FAs enhance the expression of inflammatory cytokines by β3-AR activation in adipocytes, in which the expression of PAI-1 is partly mediated by the de novo synthesis of ceramides/sphingolipids. …

Linking Environmental Toxicant Exposure To Diabetes Susceptibility, Jannifer Beth Tyrrell

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important and unresolved question in the environmental health field is whether exposure to common environmental toxicants, such as dioxin and heavy metals like Pb, increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in combination with other common metabolic stressors such as obesity.

Previous studies suggested that dioxin exposure increased peripheral insulin resistance but did not appear to cause fasting hyperglycemia or elevated hepatic glucose output. In concordance with those findings we observed that dioxin treatment caused a strong suppression of the expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. However, this suppression was not solely mediated by the …

Divergence In Thyroid Hormone Concentrations Between Juveniles Of Marine And Stream Ecotypes Of The Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus), Jun Kitano, Sean C. Lema

Sean Lema

Background: Hormones regulate the expression of multiple phenotypic traits. Therefore,

divergence in hormone concentrations may lead to evolutionary changes in the coordinated

physiological and behavioural traits that comprise an organism’s integrated phenotype. Adults

of marine ecotypes of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) have higher concentrations

of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) than adults of stream-resident ecotypes (Kitano

et al., 2010). Thyroid hormones are well-established mediators of osmoregulation and migratory

behaviours in fish, and the difference in T4 concentrations indicates that changes in thyroid

hormone signalling may underlie the evolutionary and ecological divergence of migratory and

non-migratory ecotypes.

Questions: Is the variation …

Hormones And Phenotypic Plasticity: Implications For The Evolution Of Integrated Adaptive Phenotypes, Sean C. Lema, Jun Kitano

Sean Lema

It is generally accepted that taxa exhibit genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity, but many questions remain unanswered about how divergent plastic responses evolve under dissimilar ecological conditions. Hormones are signaling molecules that act as proximate mediators of phenotype expression by regulating a variety of cellular, physiological, and behavioral responses. Hormones not only change cellular and physiological states but also influence gene expression directly or indirectly, thereby linking environmental conditions to phenotypic development. Studying how hormonal pathways respond to environmental variation and how those responses differ between individuals, populations, and species can expand our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. …

Development And Validation Of A Predictive Model Of Acute Glucose Response To Exercise In Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes, Bryan S. Gibson, Sheri R. Colberg, Paul Poirier, Denise Maria Martins Vancea, Jason Jones, Robin Marcus

Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Our purpose was to develop and test a predictive model of the acute glucose response to exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Design and methods: Data from three previous exercise studies (56 subjects, 488 exercise sessions) were combined and used as a development dataset. A mixed-effects Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator (LASSO) was used to select predictors among 12 potential predictors. Tests of the relative importance of each predictor were conducted using the Lindemann Merenda and Gold (LMG) algorithm. Model structure was tested using likelihood ratio tests. Model accuracy in the development dataset was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation. …

Impact Of Nutritional Status On The Somatotropic Axis And Ghrelin In Phocid Seals, Rachael Dailey

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Metabolic hormones and their axes, including the target tissues and receptors, regulate the tissue specific utilization of nutrients with in the body. The purpose of this research was to understand the hormonal control of complex nutrient partitioning mechanisms involved in young, growing animals. Specifically, this involved the investigation of metabolic hormones and the regulation of growth in two common species of phocids (true seals): harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) and Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups. This longitudinal study examines young phocids from nutritional nadir through realimentation (realimentation) to investigate how metabolic hormones involved in both food intake and nutrient partitioning …

Blood Glucose Responses To Type, Intensity, Duration, And Timing Of Exercise, Sheri R. Colberg, Manuel J. Hernandez, Fatima Shahzad

Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications

[First Paragraph] The Big Blue Test (BBT) is an annual initiative by the Diabetes Hands Foundation to raise awareness of the importance of physical activity in managing diabetes. Individuals with diabetes voluntarily exercise and record self-monitored blood glucose levels. During the 2012 BBT, 5,157 diabetic participants (~90% insulin users) anonymously entered exercise type, intensity, duration, time elapsed since last meal, and blood glucose readings before and after one or more bouts of exercise separately through www.BigBlueTest.org or an Iphone app.

Variations Of Ghrelin, Growth Hormone, And Insulin-Like Growth Factor I In The West Indian Manatee (Trichechus Manatus), Rachel Lynn Cimino

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The metabolic hormones ghrelin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor I are influenced by developmental age, sex, and nutritional status in domestic and free-ranging species. However the role these hormones play has not previously been explored in sub-tropical/ tropical mammals. Furthermore, the seasonality of species with less dynamic environmental cues, such as the West Indian manatee, have not been studied. The West Indian manatee is and endangered species distributed in the southeastern United States and throughout the Caribbean basin, and its nutritional physiology is influenced by environmental factors. Understanding the hormone response to nutritional status in this species and its …

The Big Blue Test: Effects Of 14 Minutes Of Physical Activity On Blood Glucose Levels, Sheri R. Colberg, Manuel J. Hernandez

Human Movement Sciences Faculty Publications

[First paragraph] For most with diabetes, physical activity has a blood glucose lowering effect (1). Hypoglycemia (i.e., blood glucose < 65 mg/dL) resulting from exercise is a concern, particularly for insulin users (2).

Expression Of Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms Across The Ovulatory Cycle: A Multilevel Investigation, Tory A. Eisenlohr-Moul

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a disabling condition characterized by chronic emotion dysregulation and behavioral impulsivity. Prospective studies that test proposed mechanisms of within-person change in BPD hold the key to improving symptom predictability and control in this disorder. A small body of evidence suggests that fluctuations in estradiol such as those occurring naturally at ovulation during the monthly female reproductive cycle may increase symptoms in women with BPD (DeSoto et al., 2003). Furthermore, there is preliminary evidence that both self-esteem and feelings of social rejection are highest at ovulation, when estradiol peaks (Durante and Hill, 2009; Eisenlohr-Moul et al., …

The Effects Of Intracerebroventricular Leptin On Milk Availability In Lactating Rats, Brittany Lynita Moore

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Reports have linked energy balance along with adipocyte derived leptin action to improved fertility. Recent evidence indicates that leptin hormone is present in breast milk and leptin receptors are well expressed in mammary epithelial cells. The hypothesis that insufficiency of leptin restraint in the hypothalamus may underlie infertility in rodents and the failure of lactating breast to express adequate amount of milk was tested. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected leptin through intracerebroventricular cannulation (ICVC) of the third ventricle. Female rats were mated with stud males and observed throughout gestation. Compared to the control groups, leptin treatment increased prolactin levels in …

Hormonal And Morphological Aspects Of Growth And Sexual Maturation In Wild-Caught Male Vervet Monkeys (Chlorocebus Aethiops Pygerythrus), Tegan J. Gaetano

Theses and Dissertations

Knowledge of baseline changes in testosterone (T) and other androgens is central to both investigations of morphological, physiological, and behavioral correlates of inter-individual variation in the timing and shape of key events and transitions over the life course and questions of the evolution of species-specific schedules of maturation in primates. T represents an important determinant of spermatogenesis in male mammals and plays a central role in the expression of male sexual behavior and the development of secondary sex characteristics. This research integrates hormonal and morphometric methods to determine age-related changes in fecal testosterone (fT) metabolites and morphological markers of sexual …

House Finches, Carpodacus Mexicanus: Hormones, Stress, And Song Control Regions, Katherine Olivia Ganster

Master's Theses

Song production in songbirds is controlled by parts of the brain known as the song control regions (SCRs). During spring, gonads increase in size, males sing to attract mates, and SCRs become larger. This neuroplasticity is controlled by the change in day length and increased plasma testosterone (T) levels. Plasma T can be reduced by stress through the production of corticosterone (CORT), through the production of beta-endorphin, or through direct effects on the testes via the nervous system. We determined the T, estradiol, and CORT hormonal profiles of wild House Finches by capturing and sampling blood from the finches every …

Dissecting The Workforce And Workplace For Clinical Endocrinology, And The Work Of Endocrinologists Early In Their Careers, Claude Desjardins, Mark A. Bach, Anne R. Cappola, Ellen W. Seely, Ronald G. Ehrenberg

Ronald G. Ehrenberg

[Excerpt] No national mechanism is in place for an informed, penetrating, and systematic assessment of the physician workforce such as that achieved by the National Science Foundation (NSF) for the periodic evaluation of the nation’s scientists and engineers. Likewise, knowledge of the workforce for clinical research is enigmatic and fragmentary despite the serial recommendations of “blue-ribbon” panels to establish a protocol for the recurrent assessment of clinical investigators early in their careers. Failure to adopt a national system for producing timely, high-quality data on the professional activities of physicians limits the application of improvement tools for advancing clinical investigation and …

Analyzing The Interaction Between Melanocortin 5 Receptor, Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 1, And Melanocortin 2 Receptor In Rainbow Trout, Domicinda M. Hill

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Using CHO cells we sought to explore and characterize the functional relationship of rainbow trout MC5 receptor (rtMC5R) with zebrafish MRAP1 (zfMRAP1) and rainbow trout MC2 receptor (rtMC2R), as well as how the effect of such relationships may play a significant role in Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal/Interrenal axis activation. This research demonstrated that rtMC5R can be successfully expressed and functionally activated in CHO cells and, in a manner similar to mammals, α-MSH is the preferred ligand for rtMC5R. The presence of MRAP1 does not seem to inhibit the expression or function of rtMC5R, rather it appears that it may increase expression and total …