7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
7-N-Acetylcysteine-Pyrrole Conjugate—A Potent Dna Reactive Metabolite Of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids, X. He, L. Ma, Q. Xia, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widespread throughout the world and are the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. PAs require metabolic activation to form reactive dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (dehydro-PAs) that are capable of alkylating cellular DNA and proteins, form (±)-6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-DNA and DHP-protein adducts, and lead to cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumorigenicity. In this study, we determined that the metabolism of riddelliine and monocrotaline by human and rat liver microsomes in the presence of N-acetylcysteine both produced 7-N-acetylcysteine-DHP (7-NAC-DHP) and DHP. Reactions of 7-NAC-DHP with 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG), 2′-deoxyadenosine (dA), and calf thymus DNA in aqueous solution followed by …
A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Comparative Study Of Three Tissue-Cultured Dendrobium Species And Their Wild Correspondences By Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Combined With Chemometric Methods, N.-D. Chen, T. You, J. Li, L.-T. Bai, J.-W. Hao, X.-Y. Xu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Plant tissue culture technique is widely used in the conservation and utilization of rare and endangered medicinal plants and it is crucial for tissue culture stocks to obtain the ability to produce similar bioactive components as their wild correspondences. In this paper, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method combined with chemometric methods was applied to analyze and evaluate the volatile compounds in tissue-cultured and wild Dendrobium huoshanense Cheng and Tang, Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and Dendrobium moniliforme (Linn.) Sw. In total, 63 volatile compounds were separated, with 53 being identified from the three Dendrobium spp. samples. Different provenances of …
Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L.,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antifungal Activity Of Momordica Charantia Seed Extracts Toward The Pathogenic Fungus Fusarium Solani L., S. Wang, Y. Zheng, F. Xiang, S. Li, G. Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Momordica charantia L., a vegetable crop with high nutritional value, has been used as an antimutagenic, antihelminthic, anticancer, antifertility, and antidiabetic agent in traditional folk medicine. In this study, the antifungal activity of M. charantia seed extract toward Fusarium solani L. was evaluated. Results showed that M. charantia seed extract effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of F. solani, with a 50% inhibitory rate (IC50) value of 108.934 μg/mL. Further analysis with optical microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the seed extract led to deformation of cells with irregular budding, loss of integrity of cell wall, as well as disruption of …
Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Carbonyl Iron Powder On Iron Deficiency Anemia And Its Subchronic Toxicity, Q. Zhu, Y. Qian, Y. Yang, W. Wu, J. Xie, D. Wei
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Carbonyl iron powder (CIP) has been used as a food additive or mineral supplement. However, the effects of CIP on iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and its subchronic toxicity have not been investigated. We found that oral administration of CIP at a dose of 2.96 mg/kg recovered the hemoglobin concentration of erythrocytes of IDA rats to the normal level after 8 days. The no observed adverse effect level of CIP in rats was considered to be > 200 mg/kg. The hematological and serum biochemical parameters of the rats did not differ significantly between the control and treated groups. There were no morphological …
A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
A Survey Of Aflatoxin M1 In Cow Milk In Southern Iran, M. Hashemi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to evaluate aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels in 168 samples of raw milk (135 samples and 33 samples from bulk tanks of farms and milk collection centers, respectively) and 12 samples of pasteurized milk in Fars province, Southern Iran. AFM1 was found in 55.56% of the samples with a mean concentration of 21.31 ng/L. The concentration of AFM1 in raw milk samples from farms was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that in samples from collection centers and pasteurized milk. The concentration of AFM1 was not influenced by season, location, or type of farm. The concentrations of AFM1 in all samples were lower than the Iranian national standard limit (100 ng/L), but in 30% of raw cow milk samples they were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by the European Union (50 ng/L); therefore, more effort is needed to control AFM1 levels in milk produced in Southern Iran. © 2016
Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Bioactive Compounds And Antioxidative Activity Of Colored Rice Bran, Y.-P. Huang, H.-M. Lai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The profiles of bioactive compounds (including phenolics and flavonoids in free and bound fractions, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, vitamin E, and γ-oryzanol) of outer and inner rice bran from six colored rice samples collected from local markets were investigated. Proanthocyanidins could only be detected in red rice bran but not in black rice bran. The free fraction of the extracts dominated the total phenolics (72–92%) and the total flavonoids (72–96%) of colored rice bran. Most of the phenolic acids (83–97%) in colored rice bran were present in the bound form. Protocatechualdehyde was identified for the first time in the bound fraction of …
Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Inhibitory Effects Of Polyphenol-Enriched Extract From Ziyang Tea Against Human Breast Cancer Mcf-7 Cells Through Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Mitochondria Molecular Mechanism, W. Li, N. He, L. Tian, X. Shi, X. Yang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A polyphenol-enriched extract from selenium-enriched Ziyang green tea (ZTP) was selected to evaluate its antitumor effects against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In ZTP, (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (28.2%) was identified as the major catechin, followed by (−)-epigallocatechin (5.7%) and (−)-epicatechin gallate (12.6%). ZTP was shown to inhibit MCF-7 cell proliferation (half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 172.2 μg/mL) by blocking cell-cycle progression at the G0/G1 phase and inducing apoptotic death. Western blotting assay indicated that ZTP induced cell-cycle arrest by upregulation of p53 and reduced the expression of CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. ZTP-caused cell apoptosis was associated with an increase in …
Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quantitation Of Curcuminoid Contents, Dissolution Profile, And Volatile Oil Content Of Turmeric Capsules Produced At Some Secondary Government Hospitals, C. Monton, L. Charoenchai, J. Suksaeree, L. Sueree
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this work was to validate the simple and rapid isocratic reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography using a C-18 column for the determination of curcuminoid contents, dissolution profile, and volatile oil content of turmeric capsules produced at three secondary government hospitals. The validated reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography method for three curcuminoids (bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin) had a good linearity (R2 > 0.9990), accuracy (% recovery was 99.96–101.14%, 97.42–102.23%, and 98.01–99.12% for bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and curcumin, respectively), precision (% relative standard deviation < 2% and < 5% for intraday and interday precision, respectively), including limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and system suitability. We found that turmeric capsules had a higher content of curcumin than bisdemethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. The total curcuminoid contents of all lots ranged from 12.02%w/w to 14.36%w/w. Dissolution profiles of curcuminoids were fitted with Higuchi model. Moreover, volatile oil content, determined using the hydrodistillation method, ranged from 7.00%v/w to 8.00%v/w. In conclusion, all nine lots of turmeric capsules from three secondary government hospitals met the standard criteria of the Thai Herbal Pharmacopoeia in the topic of curcuminoid contents, dissolution, and volatile oil content. © 2016
Evaluation Of Metal Concentration And Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Anticancer Potentials Of Two Edible Mushrooms Lactarius Deliciosus And Macrolepiota Procera,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Evaluation Of Metal Concentration And Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, And Anticancer Potentials Of Two Edible Mushrooms Lactarius Deliciosus And Macrolepiota Procera, M. Kosanić, B. Ranković, A. Rančić, T. Stanojković
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study is designed for the determination of metal concentrations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. Concentrations of nine metals are determined and all metals are present in the allowable concentrations in the tested mushrooms except Cd in M. procera. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power. M. procera extract had more potent free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 311.40 μg/mL) than L. deliciosus extract. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power. The total content of phenol in the extracts was examined using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and obtained …
Trace Residue Analysis Of Dicyandiamide, Cyromazine, And Melamine In Animal Tissue Foods By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Trace Residue Analysis Of Dicyandiamide, Cyromazine, And Melamine In Animal Tissue Foods By Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography, X. Ge, X. Wu, S. Liang, M. Su, H. Sun
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
An effective sample preparation procedure using an accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure, followed by cleaning with melamine molecularly imprinted polymers solid-phase extraction (MISPE) was developed. A novel and highly sensitive ASE–MISPE–ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method was developed for effective separation and simultaneous determination of dicyandiamide (DCD), cyromazine (CYR), and melamine (MEL) in complex animal tissue foods. Under optimized conditions, good linearity was achieved with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9999 in the range of at least two orders of magnitude. The limit of quantification of the method was 1.7 μg/kg, 5.0 μg/kg, and 3.2 μg/kg for DCD, MEL, and CYR, …
Studies On Physicochemical And Nutritional Properties Of Aerial Parts Of Cassia Occidentalis L.,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Studies On Physicochemical And Nutritional Properties Of Aerial Parts Of Cassia Occidentalis L., S. Manikandaselvi, V. Vadivel, P. Brindha
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In the present, work chemical composition and nutritional value of aerial parts of Cassia occidentalis L. was studied. The aerial parts of C. occidentalis possess favorable physicochemical properties with good nutritional value, such as high energy value, crude fibers, and vitamin levels. The X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry data revealed that the sample is rich in minerals, especially in Fe, Ca, K, and Mn. Further, minerals such as Mg, Zn, Cu, Na, P, and S are present in good amount and depicted the nutritional value of the selected material. The plant sample is rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignin, tannins, …
Temporal Trend Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxin/Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran And Dioxin Like-Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations In Food From Taiwan Markets During 2004–2012,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Temporal Trend Of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxin/Polychlorinated Dibenzofuran And Dioxin Like-Polychlorinated Biphenyl Concentrations In Food From Taiwan Markets During 2004–2012, C.-C. Lee, H.-T. Lin, Y.-M. Kao, M.-H. Chang, H.-L. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) or polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) in foodstuffs have decreased over the past decade in many countries. However, the trend for the levels of these compounds in foodstuffs in Taiwan remains unknown. In this study, we compared the distribution of PCDD/F and PCB in nine foodstuff categories acquired from Taiwan markets from 2004 to 2012. The levels expressed as World Health Organization toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQs) in the different foodstuffs tested were as follows: fish, average 0.463 pg WHO98-TEQ/g sample > seafood, 0.163 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > eggs, 0.150 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > oils, 0.126 pg WHO98-TEQ/g > meats, …
Extraction Temperature Affects The Activities Of Antioxidation, Carbohydrate-Digestion Enzymes, And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Extract,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Extraction Temperature Affects The Activities Of Antioxidation, Carbohydrate-Digestion Enzymes, And Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Of Pleurotus Citrinopileatus Extract, P.-H. Chen, Y.-M. Weng, Z.-R. Yu, M. Koo, B.-J. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Extraction temperature can potentially affect the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the extracts obtained. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction temperature on the distribution of bioactive compounds and the bioactivities of Pleurotus citrinopileatus. The antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)+ scavenging capabilities) and the inhibitory capabilities on pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase, and hypertension-linked angiotensin-converting enzyme of hot water P. citrinopileatus extract and cold water P. citrinopileatus extract were determined. The results showed that the antioxidant capabilities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme of cold water P. citrinopileatus extract were significantly higher …
Renoprotective Effect Of Caralluma Fimbriata Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Renoprotective Effect Of Caralluma Fimbriata Against High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress In Wistar Rats, S. Gujjala, M. Putakala, S. Nukala, M. Bangeppagari, R. Ramaswamy, S. Desireddy
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The current study was designed to evaluate the renoprotective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Caralluma fimbriata (CFE) against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control (C), control treated with CFE (C + CFE), high-fat diet fed (HFD), high-fat diet fed treated with CFE (HFD + CFE), and high-fat diet fed treated with metformin (HFD + metformin). CFE was orally administered (200 mg/kg body weight) to Groups C + CFE and HFD + CFE rats for 90 days. Renal functional markers such as, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels in plasma …
Effects Of Herbal Mixture Extracts On Obesity In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effects Of Herbal Mixture Extracts On Obesity In Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, M.-Y. Chien, Y.-H. Ku, J.-M. Chang, C.-M. Yang, C.-H. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of three herbal mixture extracts on obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. The prescriptions—Pericarpium citri reticulatae and Fructus crataegi—were used as matrix components and mixed with Ampelopsis grossedentata, Salvia miltiorrhiza, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) to form T1, T2, and T3 complexes, respectively. Results revealed that HFD feeding significantly increased body weight gain, fat deposition, plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid accumulation, and hepatic vacuoles formation, but decreased plasma levels of adiponectin in rats. Only the T1 complex showed the tendency, although not significantly so, for decreased HFD-induced body …
Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Shaking Process On Correlations Between Catechins And Volatiles In Oolong Tea, S.-Y. Lin, L.-C. Lo, I.-Z. Chen, P.-A. Chen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Shaking the tea leaves is the key manipulation to making oolong tea. It contributes to the formation of flavor and fragrance in oolong tea. The dynamic variations of catechins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the shaking process were investigated. The results showed that the contents of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) first decreased after the shaking and then increased to the initial value before the next shaking. Geraniol, linalool and its oxides, and phenylethyl alcohol showed similar variations. The contents of trans-β-ocimene, 1H-indole, and 3-hexenyl hexanoate increased after the second or third shaking (the late …
Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antihyperlipidemic Activity Of Allium Chinense Bulbs, Y.-P. Lin, L.-Y. Lin, H.-Y. Yeh, C.-H. Chuang, S.-W. Tseng, Y.-H. Yen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Allium chinense is a medicinal plant and nutritional food commonly used in Eastern Asia. In this study, we investigated the in vitro antioxidant activity (scavenging of α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical, total phenol content, reducing power, and total antioxidant activity) and constituents of various extracts from A. chinense. Moreover, we also studied the in vivo hypolipidemic effects of extracts on high-fat-diet Wistar rats. Ethanol extracts from A. chinense showed notable antioxidant activity, and its high-dose essential-oil extract both significantly reduced serum and hepatic total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein levels in high-fat-diet Wistar rats compared with …
Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Naturally Occurring Estrogenic Hormones In Cow's And River Buffalo's Meat By Hplc-Fld Method, Y. Shahbazi, H. Malekinejad, H. Tajik
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study was performed to measure and compare the levels of steroid hormones [estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3)] and their conjugated metabolites in cow's and river buffalo's meat in two distinct follicular and luteal phases. Moreover, the possible effect of a heating process on steroid hormone concentration was also investigated. The collected meat (biceps femoris muscle) samples were subjected to liquid extraction, enzymatical deconjugation, and C18 solid-phase extraction. Estrogens were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. In the follicular phase the levels of steroid hormones (E1 and E2) in either tested species were …
Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Rapid Determination Of Trace Level Copper In Tea Infusion Samples By Solid Contact Ion Selective Electrode, A. Birinci, H. Eren, F. Coldur, E. Coskun, M. Andac
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new solid contact copper selective electrode with a poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane consisting of o-xylylenebis(N,N-diisobutyldithiocarbamate) as ionophore has been prepared. The main novelties of constructed ion selective electrode concept are the enhanced robustness, cheapness, and fastness due to the use of solid contacts. The electrode exhibits a rapid (< 10 seconds) and near-Nernstian response to Cu2+ activity from 10−1 to 10−6 mol/L at the pH range of 4.0–6.0. No serious interference from common ions was found. The electrode characterizes by high potential stability, reproducibility, and full repeatability. The electrode was used as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of Cu(II) ions with EDTA and for the direct assay of tea infusion samples by means of the calibration graph technique. The results compared favorably with those obtained by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). © 2016
Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Thymol Reduces Oxidative Stress, Aortic Intimal Thickening, And Inflammation-Related Gene Expression In Hyperlipidemic Rabbits, Y.-M. Yu, T.-Y. Chao, W.-C. Chang, M.J. Chang, M.-F. Lee
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Atherosclerosis plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, and is often associated with oxidative stress and local inflammation. Thymol, a major polyphenolic compound in thyme, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we measured the in vitro antioxidant activity of thymol, and investigated the effect of thymol on high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. New Zealand white rabbits were fed with regular chow, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet (HC), T3, or T6 (HC with thymol supplementation at 3 mg/kg/d or 6 mg/kg/d, respectively) for 8 weeks. Aortic intimal thickening, serum lipid parameters, multiple inflammatory markers, proinflammatory cytokines, and atherosclerosis-associated …
