Hepatoprotective Effects Of Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside And Kaempferol 3-O-Glucoside From Carthamus Tinctorius L. On Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Liver Injury In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Hepatoprotective Effects Of Kaempferol 3-O-Rutinoside And Kaempferol 3-O-Glucoside From Carthamus Tinctorius L. On Ccl4-Induced Oxidative Liver Injury In Mice, Y. Wang, C. Tang, H. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a traditional medicinal and edible herb with a long history of use in China. In this study, a model of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in mice was used to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside (K-3-R) and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (K-3-G), two kaempferol glycosides isolated from C. tinctorius L. K-3-R and K-3-G, at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, were given orally to male mice once/d for 7 days before they received CCl4 intraperitoneally. Our results showed that K-3-R and K-3-G treatment increased the level of total protein (TP) and prevented the …
Reactivity And Stability Of Selected Flavor Compounds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Reactivity And Stability Of Selected Flavor Compounds, M. Weerawatanakorn, J.-C. Wu, M.-H. Pan, C.-T. Ho
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Flavor is the most important aspect of food. Based on the complex matrix of the food system and the flavor structure themselves, one important factor that plays a key role in the quality attribute of food is flavor stability. Not surprisingly, there is a large volume of published research investigating the stability of different food flavor compounds, since understanding flavor stability is crucial to creating greater awareness of dietary flavor application. This review presents a variety of factors that are thought to be involved in the stability of several selected important flavor compounds and the approach to improve the stability …
Ca2+ And Aminoguanidine On Γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation In Germinating Soybean Under Hypoxia-Nacl Stress,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Ca2+ And Aminoguanidine On Γ-Aminobutyric Acid Accumulation In Germinating Soybean Under Hypoxia-Nacl Stress, R. Yang, Y. Guo, S. Wang, Z. Gu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a nonproteinous amino acid with some benefits on human health, is synthesized by GABA-shunt and the polyamine degradation pathway in plants. The regulation of Ca2+ and aminoguanidine on GABA accumulation in germinating soybean (Glycine max L.) under hypoxia-NaCl stress was investigated in this study. Exogenous Ca2+ increased GABA content significantly by enhancing glutamate decarboxylase gene expression and its activity. Addition of ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid into the culture solution reduced GABA content greatly due to the inhibition of glutamate decarboxylase activity. Aminoguanidine reduced over 85% of diamine oxidase activity, and 33.28% and 36.35% of GABA content in …
Physicochemical Properties Of Terminalia Catappa Seed Oil As A Novel Dietary Lipid Source,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Physicochemical Properties Of Terminalia Catappa Seed Oil As A Novel Dietary Lipid Source, S. Janporn, C.-T. Ho, V. Chavasit, M.-H. Pan, S. Chittrakorn, K. Ruttarattanamongkol, M. Weerawatanakorn
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Terminalia catappa Linn (TC) is an ornamental tree planted extensively in many countries. It has been known for a long time that the seeds are edible but no research has focused on the realm of its use as food. Our previous data showed that the seed contains high levels of oil content (600 g/kg) and possesses the optimum fatty acid balance indicated in fat dietary guidelines. This study aims to investigate the physical and chemical properties and the possibility of using TC seed oil as a new dietary lipid. The effects of extraction conditions, partial refining process, and storage stability …
Amino Substituted Nitrogen Heterocycle Ureas As Kinase Insert Domain Containing Receptor (Kdr) Inhibitors: Performance Of Structure-Activity Relationship Approaches,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Amino Substituted Nitrogen Heterocycle Ureas As Kinase Insert Domain Containing Receptor (Kdr) Inhibitors: Performance Of Structure-Activity Relationship Approaches, H. Yilmaz, N. Sizochenko, B. Rasulev, A. Toropov, Y. Guzel, V. Kuz'min, D. Leszczynska, J. Leszczynski
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study was performed on a set of amino-substituted nitrogen heterocyclic urea derivatives. Two novel approaches were applied: (1) the simplified molecular input-line entry systems (SMILES) based optimal descriptors approach; and (2) the fragment-based simplex representation of molecular structure (SiRMS) approach. Comparison with the classic scheme of building up the model and balance of correlation (BC) for optimal descriptors approach shows that the BC scheme provides more robust predictions than the classic scheme for the considered pIC50 of the heterocyclic urea derivatives. Comparison of the SMILES-based optimal descriptors and SiRMS approaches has confirmed good performance of …
Development And Validation Of A High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method For The Determination Of Cholesterol Concentration,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development And Validation Of A High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method For The Determination Of Cholesterol Concentration, J. John, A. Reghuwanshi, U.K. Aravind, C.T. Aravindakumar
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
An accurate, sensitive, precise, reliable, and quick method for the determination of cholesterol content by high-performance thin layer chromatography is developed. In this method, aluminum-backed precoated silica gel 60 F254 plates were used as the stationary phase and the samples were sprayed with the help of CAMAG sample applicator Linomat 5. The chromatogram was developed with the mobile phase consisting of chloroform:methanol (9.5:0.5, v/v). The samples were detected using CAMAG Scanner 4 and evaluated using the method developed on winCATS software. Densitometric analysis of cholesterol was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm. In this solvent system, cholesterol gave a …
Analysis Of Major Antioxidants From Extracts Of Myrmecodia Pendans By Uv/Visible Spectrophotometer, Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Uv Techniques,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Analysis Of Major Antioxidants From Extracts Of Myrmecodia Pendans By Uv/Visible Spectrophotometer, Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry, And High-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Uv Techniques, A.M. Engida, S. Faika, B.T. Nguyen-Thi, Y.-H. Ju
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In the present work, heat reflux extraction with ethanol/water (80:20; v/v) as the solvent was used to extract antioxidants from Myrmecodia pendans. The crude extract (CE) was fractionated using hexane and ethyl acetate. Ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) and aqueous fraction were collected. Antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power of the CE, EAF, and aqueous fraction were evaluated. EAF showed comparable antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical radical and ferric reducing power to those of the CE. UV/visible, liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography were employed for identifying the major antioxidant compounds in the EAF. Three major …
Gold Nanoparticles Grafted Modified Silica Gel As A New Stationary Phase For Separation And Determination Of Steroid Hormones By Thin Layer Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Gold Nanoparticles Grafted Modified Silica Gel As A New Stationary Phase For Separation And Determination Of Steroid Hormones By Thin Layer Chromatography, M. Amoli-Diva, K. Pourghazi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new thin layer chromatographic layer using gold nanoparticles grafted 3-triethoxysilyl propylamine modified silica gel (Au NPs-APTS modified silica gel) was developed as a stationary phase for separation and determination of two steroid hormones, namely progesterone and testosterone. Acetone-n-hexane 25:75 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase, and the results were compared with those obtained using plain (i.e., unmodified) silica gel plates. Some chromatographic parameters used for separation of the two steroids on an Au NPs-APTS modified silica gel plate as well as on a plain silica gel plate, including ΔRF, separation factor (α), and resolution (RS), were evaluated and …
Antioxidant Activities And Contents Of Flavonoids And Phenolic Acids Of Talinum Triangulare Extracts And Their Immunomodulatory Effects,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant Activities And Contents Of Flavonoids And Phenolic Acids Of Talinum Triangulare Extracts And Their Immunomodulatory Effects, D.Y. Liao, Y.C. Chai, S.H. Wang, C.W. Chen, M.S. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, leaves and stems of Talinum triangulare were sequentially extracted with phosphate buffer solution to obtain PTL and PTS (phosphate buffered extracts of T. triangulare leaves and stems), with 75% ethanol to obtained ETL and ETS (ethanol extracts of T. triangulare leaves and stems), or with 90°C boiling water to obtain WTL and WTS (water extracts of T. triangulare leaves and stems). We investigated the antioxidant activities of various T. triangulare extracts, analyzed the extracts' stimulations on human mononuclear cell (MNC) growth and secretion of cytokines (interleukin-1 beta, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and nitric oxide, and then …
By-Product Of Lavandula Latifolia Essential Oil Distillation As Source Of Antioxidants,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
By-Product Of Lavandula Latifolia Essential Oil Distillation As Source Of Antioxidants, I. Méndez-Tovar, B. Herrero, S. Pérez-Magariño, J.A. Pereira, M.C. Asensio-S.-Manzanera
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of Lavandula latifolia waste obtained after essential oil distillation. Samples of 12 wild populations of the Lavandula genus collected between 2009 and 2010 were hydrodistilled and their by-products were analyzed using the Folin-Ciocalteu, free radical scavenging activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. Rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and luteolin contents were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection. The mean of total phenolic content ranged from 1.89 ± 0.09 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight to 3.54 ± 0.22 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight. The average …
Absolute Configuration, Stability, And Interconversion Of 6,7-Dihydro-7-Hydroxy-1-Hydroxymethyl-5h-Pyrrolizine Valine Adducts And Their Phenylthiohydantoin Derivatives,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Absolute Configuration, Stability, And Interconversion Of 6,7-Dihydro-7-Hydroxy-1-Hydroxymethyl-5h-Pyrrolizine Valine Adducts And Their Phenylthiohydantoin Derivatives, X. Jiang, S. Wang, Y. Zhao, Q. Xia, L. Cai, X. Sun, P.P. Fu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-containing plants are widespread in the world and probably the most common poisonous plants affecting livestock, wildlife, and humans. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids require metabolic activation to form dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids that bind to cellular proteins and DNA leading to hepatotoxicity, genotoxicity, and tumorigenicity. At present, it is not clear how dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids bind to cellular amino acids and proteins to induced toxicity. We previously reported that reaction of dehydromonocrotaline with valine generated four highly unstable 6,7-dihydro-7-hydroxy-1-hydroxymethyl-5H-pyrrolizine (DHP)-derived valine (DHP-valine) adducts that upon reaction with phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC) formed four DHP-valine-PITC adduct isomers. In this study, we report the absolute configuration and …
The Histamine Content Of Dried Flying Fish Products In Taiwan And The Isolation Of Halotolerant Histamine-Forming Bacteria,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Histamine Content Of Dried Flying Fish Products In Taiwan And The Isolation Of Halotolerant Histamine-Forming Bacteria, H.-F. Kung, C.-Y. Huang, C.-M. Lin, L.-H. Liaw, Y.-C. Lee, Y.-H. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Thirty dried flying fish products were purchased from fishing village stores in Taiwan and tested to detect the presence of histamine and histamine-forming bacteria. Except for histamine and cadaverine, the average content of various biogenic amines in the tested samples was less than 3.5 mg/100 g. Eight (26.6%) dried flying fish samples had histamine levels greater than the United States Food and Drug Administration guideline of 5 mg/100 g for scombroid fish and/or scombroid products, whereas four (13.3%) samples contained more than the hazard action level of 50 mg/100 g. One histamine-producing bacterial isolate was identified as Staphylococcus xylosus by …
Interaction Of Gallic Acid With Trypsin Analyzed By Spectroscopy,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Interaction Of Gallic Acid With Trypsin Analyzed By Spectroscopy, H. Song, C. Chen, S. Zhao, F. Ge, D. Liu, D. Shi, T. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The interactions between trypsin and gallic acid (GA) were investigated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, resonance light scattering (RLS) spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy, and enzymatic inhibition assay. It was found that GA can cause the fluorescence quenching of trypsin during the process of formation of GA-trypsin complex, resulting in inhibition of trypsin activity (IC50 = 3.9 × 10-6 mol/L). The fluorescence spectroscopic data showed that the quenching efficiency can reach about 80%. The binding constants were 1.9371 × 104 L/mol, 1.8192 × 104 L/mol, and 1.7465 × 104 L/mol at three temperatures, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed …
Temperature-Dependent Studies On The Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activities, And Sugar Content In Six Onion Varieties,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Temperature-Dependent Studies On The Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, Antioxidant Activities, And Sugar Content In Six Onion Varieties, K. Sharma, E.Y. Ko, A.D. Assefa, S. Ha, S.H. Nile, E.T. Lee, S.W. Park
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Heating effect on total phenol, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, and sugar content of six onion varieties has been quantitatively investigated to explore the effect of different temperatures. The onion varieties comprised one red-skinned variety, two white-skinned varieties, and three yellow-skinned varieties. The heating temperature was scanned at 80°C, 100°C, 120°C, and 150°C for 30 minutes each, and quantitative analysis was performed relative to the powdered onion at ambient temperature. Quercetin, glucosides and sugar content were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total phenolic and antioxidant content increased in all six varieties. The total flavonoid levels showed a considerable change. On heating …
Beverage-Induced Enhanced Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine And Its Consequent Effect On Antiepileptic Activity And Toxicity,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Beverage-Induced Enhanced Bioavailability Of Carbamazepine And Its Consequent Effect On Antiepileptic Activity And Toxicity, S. Karmakar, S. Biswas, R. Bera, S. Mondal, A. Kundu, M.A. Ali, T. Sen
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present study was undertaken to investigate the food-drug interaction of carbamazepine (CBZ). Common fruit juices [grapefruit juice (GFJ), lime juice (LJ)], known to inhibit the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), and some widely consumed beverages [milk (M), black tea (BT)] were involved in this study in the presence of CBZ, as might happen during clinical therapy. The effects of the beverages on the pharmacokinetics and drug-induced toxicity of CBZ was observed after concomitant administration for a period of 28 days. Accordingly, the influence of altered bioavailability of CBZ on its antiepileptic activity was investigated. A significant shift in the …
Chemical Compositions Of The Volatile Extracts From Seeds Of Dendranthema Nankingense And Borago Officinalis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Compositions Of The Volatile Extracts From Seeds Of Dendranthema Nankingense And Borago Officinalis, S. Wu, T. Xu, D. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Volatile extracts from the seeds of Dendranthema nankingense Hand.-Mazz. and Borago officinalis L. were prepared using simultaneous distillation and extraction, and analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on two capillary gas chromatography columns of different polarity. Ninety-five volatile compounds were identified in D. nankingense seeds, with hexanal, benzeneacetaldehyde, borneol, (-)-camphor, and 3-methyl-1-butanol being the predominant species. Sixty-five volatile compounds were identified in B. officinalis seeds, with 2-pentanone, 2,3-dihydro-benzofuran, 3-methyl butanal, and hexanal being the most abundant species. Thirty-three compounds, including short-chain aliphatic aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones, were common to both seeds. The volatile composition of both seeds varied significantly depending on …
The Development Of Alcohol Policy In Contemporary China,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
The Development Of Alcohol Policy In Contemporary China, X. Guo, Y.-G. Huang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Over recent years, an increase in alcohol-related problems has been noted in China. Taking effective measures against the problem requires clear reviewing and understanding of the evolution of the Chinese alcohol policy. This study is aimed to evaluate the alcohol policy with special focus on reviewing the alcohol production and consumption situation in China and assessing the changes in Chinese alcohol policy along with other related fields. This article finishes with a set of recommended policy changes that could help solve the recent alcohol-related problems and analyze the major impediments. © 2014, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier …
Quality Assessment Of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus Sold In Taiwan Markets Using A Validated Hplc-Uv Method Combined With Hierarchical Clustering Analysis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Quality Assessment Of Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus Sold In Taiwan Markets Using A Validated Hplc-Uv Method Combined With Hierarchical Clustering Analysis, Y.-K. Lin, Y.-L. Ho, Y. Zhao, Y.-S. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The present paper describes the development of a high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection method for quantitative determination of peimine and peiminine in Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus (FTB). Separation was achieved using a conventional XBridge™ Shield RP 18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, internal diameter 3.5 μm) with photodiode array detection at 190-400 nm for UV spectra and 220 nm for quantification. The mobile phase consisted of (A) 0.03% diethylamine aqueous solution and (B) acetonitrile eluted by an isocratic procedure at 45:55 (A:B) over 25 minutes. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), inter- …
Preparation Of Total Flavonoids From Loquat Flower And Its Protective Effect On Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury In Mice,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Preparation Of Total Flavonoids From Loquat Flower And Its Protective Effect On Acute Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury In Mice, S.-K. Wu, N. Zhang, X.-R. Shen, W.-W. Mei, Y. He, W.-H. Ge
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study aimed to research the preparation techniques of total flavones from loquat flower (TFLF), its anti-oxidation capacity, and its protective effect on hepatic injury. The best extraction parameters by orthogonal experimentation were water at 100°C, extraction time 2.5 hours, solid/liquid ratio 1:20, and three decoctions. The chromogenic reaction to the flavones showed that loquat flowers mainly contained flavone, flavonol, and flavanone compounds combining ortho-phenolic hydroxyl group structure in the 10-30% ethanol fraction. The anti-oxidant capacity of O2-· was 26.09% and of OH-·was 83.01% by salicylic acid and pyrogallol auto-oxidation. Compared with the model group, TFLF lowered the levels of …
Possible Molecular Targets For Therapeutic Applications Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester In Inflammation And Cancer,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Possible Molecular Targets For Therapeutic Applications Of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester In Inflammation And Cancer, G. Murtaza, A. Sajjad, Z. Mehmood, S.H. Shah, A.R. Siddiqi
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Of the various derivatives of caffeic acid, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a hydrophobic, bioactive polyphenolic ester obtained from propolis extract. The objective in writing this review article was to summarize all published studies on therapeutics of CAPE in inflammation and cancer to extract direction for future research. The possible molecular targets for the action of CAPE, include various transcription factors such as nuclear factor-κB, tissue necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, cyclooxygenase-2, Nrf2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor of activated T cells, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and signal transducers and activators of transcription. Based on the valuable data on its therapeutics in …
