Kinesiology Commons^™

Visceral Fat Prediction Models According To Age And Gender, Serena Chang

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Obesity is the leading risk factor for metabolic syndrome and puts individuals at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Past studies have shown that visceral adipose tissue (VAT), rather than subcutaneous fat (SF), is a major predictor of these disorders.VAT is the fatty tissue surrounding the vital organs, while SF is the fat found directly beneath the skin. SF’s primary function is to provide energy storage while VAT cells are metabolically active and have been linked to increased insulin resistance, production of triglycerides and low density lipolipids, which contribute to a higher risk of health diseases.Due to lack of …

Executive Function Relationships To Sitting Time And Physical Activity: A Pilot Study, Megan E. Mcclendon, Mark D. Faries, Jessica Thompson, Danielle Cofield

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Executive function (EF) refers to the neurocognitive perspective of supervisory abilities to self-regulate during goal-direct behavior. More specifically, the ability to attend to and inhibit dominant responses (i.e. Attention/Inhibition) has been found to moderate the intention and physical activity (PA) relationship, yet does not appear to relate to PA. However, this EF is related to other health behaviors, such as smoking and alcohol consumption (i.e. behaviors to be inhibited). The lack of relationship to PA might be due to it being a behavior that is not to be inhibited, compared to a behavior that should be inhibited (e.g. sitting time). …

Comparisons Of Physique, Body Composition, And Somatotype By Weight Division Between Male And Female Collegiate Taekwondo Athletes, Hyun-Chul Jung Ph. D., Sukho Lee Ph. D., Min Hyung Kim M.S., Myung Won Seo M.S., Jong Kook Song Ph.D.

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The aim of the study was to compare the physique, body composition and somatotype between male and female collegiate taekwondo athletes and specially focus on differences by weight division. 60 collegiate taekwondo athletes (male: 29, female: 31) voluntarily participated in the study. They were divided into four Olympic weight divisions (male for -58 kg, -68 kg, -80 kg, +80 kg, female for -49 kg, -57 kg, -67 kg, +67 kg). Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, sitting height, body circumferences (relaxed arm, flexed arm, chest, waist, hip, thigh, and calf), bone widths (humerus and femur), and skinfold thicknesses (triceps, subscapular, …

Establishing The Learned Effect Of Repeated Wingate Anaerobic Tests, Erin F. Thompson, Jospeh R. Secrest, Eric J. Jones, Malcolm T. Whitehead

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) is a recognized and well-established measure of power output, muscular endurance, and fatigue. However, a learning effect could reduce the reliability of these measures. PURPOSE: To establish the number of WAnT trials needed to produce a learned effect. METHODS: Thirty-six apparently healthy college-aged men (n=20) and women (n=16) who had not previously performed a WAnT participated in five WAnT trials separated by a minimum of 72 hours. Peak Power (PP) and Mean Power (MP) were recorded for each trial. Resistance for trials was calculated at 7.5% of each respective participant’s weight. …

Progression Of Performance Over Four Decades In Masters’ Athletics, Amanda S. Akkari, Daniel R. Machin, Hirofumi Tanaka

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Athletic performance at the highest level of competition has improved in a variety of sports over the last 40 years, most notably in swimming and track. Although improvements in performance have also been observed among masters’ athletes (ages 35 and older), data concerning masters’ athletic performance have only been certain since the 1970’s. Whether the magnitude of improvement in athletic performance from 1970 onward is different between elite and masters’ athletes, as well as between different age groups of masters’ athletes, has yet to be determined. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in progression of …

C.Elegans As A Diabetes & Ischemia Model: Identification Of Genetic And Cellular Changes That Modulate The Survival Of Hyperglycemia And Oxygen-Deprivation, Anastacia M. Garcia, Mary L. Ladage, Brian K. Mcfarlin, Rajeev K. Azad, Pamela A. Padilla

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Diet represents an exogenous influence that often yields colossal effects on an individual’s phenotype, physiology, long-term health and disease risk. The overconsumption of dietary sugars for example, has contributed to significant increases in obesity and type 2 diabetes, health issues that are costly both in terms of dollars and human life. Additionally, individuals with these conditions have compromised oxygen delivery and thus, an increased vulnerability to other oxygen-deprivation related disease states, including cardiovascular disease, ischemic strokes, vascular and coronary diseases and myocardial infarction. While human and other mammalian studies have shown that individuals with type 2 diabetes have a worse …

Consumption Of A High-Fat Meal Alters Post-Prandial Sirt Mrna Expression In Blood Leukocytes, Jill N. Sampson, Andrea L. Henning, Eric A. Prado, Adam Venable, Pamela Padilla, Brian K. Mcfarlin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction. Sirtuins (SIRT) are protein deacetylases, hypothesized to regulate the transcription of various genes involved in the prevention of atherogenesis and diet induced obesity. Previous research from our laboratory has demonstrated that consumption of a single, high-fat meal increases various CVD risk factors for up to 5-h post-prandial. Given the importance of SIRT to metabolic disorders, it is reasonable to speculate that a single, high-fat meal also disrupts SIRT. Methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high-fat meal (75% of daily kcals & 80% of daily fat needs), on SIRT mRNA expression in blood …

The Freshman 15: Comparing Change In Weight Of Male And Female Student Athletes During The First Year Of College, Nolan E. Klein, Jimmy Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Introduction: Before entering college many students are warned about the “Freshman 15” or the notion that students gain 15 lbs of body weight during their first year of college. Previous studies have shown that though students do gain weight during their first year in college, the gain is less than the fabled 15 lbs. However, less is known about first year weight gain in college athletes. Purpose: This study was done to determine whether male and female student athletes at a small private university gained weight during their first year of college and how much body weight changed during that …

Effects Of Regular Exercise On Blood Components And Serum Lipids In Elderly With Low Cognitive Function, Nan Hee Lee, Chung Moo Lee, Sukho Lee

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Exercise is known as an effective method to reduce morbidity related to the cognitive impairment in the elderly. It has been reported that combined exercise including aerobic exercise and resistance training promotes cardiovascular function to facilitate volumetric oxygen transfer into brain and body tissues. The purpose of the present study was to determine the changes of blood components (RBC, WBC, HCT, Hb, MCV, MCH, Platelet) and serum lipids (TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c) by regular combined exercise in elderly with low cognitive function. 18 elderly women out of 23 completed all study requirements in this study. Following a baseline screening session …

Exercise And Quality Of Life Outcomes In A Patient With Stage 4 Copd, Magan N. Johnson Ms, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

A 56-year-old female diagnosed with end stage COPD was referred to a rural based cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program. Medical history and initial baseline physical assessments were measured including resting vitals, height, weight, 6-minute walk test, and the HSQ-SF36® quality of life questionnaire. She was given a basic orientation to exercise equipment including Nu-Step® and five different band and dumbbell resistance exercises prescribed at 2 sets of 12 (RPE rating = 12 to 14). An exercise prescription for the exercise program three days per week was developed for approximately one hour at 2 to 3 METs with intermittent exercise on …

Academic Achievement And Health Related Fitness Outcomes Among Kinesiology Majors, Bryan P. Garcia, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Academic achievement has been shown to be related to health related fitness (HRF) performance among grade school and middle school children. However, very little is known about this relationship in college age students. The authors are not aware of any data available concerning HRF performance and those students seeking degrees in kinesiology. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between academic achievement and HRF outcomes among kinesiology majors. METHODS: Health related fitness measurements were taken on 104 undergraduate Tarleton kinesiology majors. Students overall GPA was obtained by the supervising faculty member through …

Effects Of Acute Cold Exposure On Plasma Biomarkers Associated With Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Michael A. Levi, Jeremy Garcia, Steven Stelly, Donovan Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Aims: The underlying cause of the majority of the cases of CVD is atherosclerosis, which is a condition initiated and progressed by chronic inflammation and hyperlipidemia. We are interested in evaluating the efficacy of cold-exposure to increase shivering- and non-shivering thermogenesis energy expenditure (RMR) as a non-pharmaceutical weight loss tool analogous to low intensity exercise. Naturally, we are concurrently evaluating the possible effects of cold exposure on risk factors associated with CVD risk. Inflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators are used as biomarkers for CVD risk. This proposed study aims to measure cardiovascular inflammatory and lipid biomarkers to expand …

Gender & Sport Related Differences In Electrocardiogram & Pre-Participation Exams (Ppe) In College Age Athletes, Jacob B. Harp, Bradley Kade, Bryan P. Garcia, Magan Johnson, Jamie M. Cvikel, Jennifer Blevins-Mcnaughton

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Purpose: The NCAA requires all college level athletes receive a pre-participation physical exam. However, the pre-participation exams occasionally do not require electrocardiogram screening to help detect cardiac abnormalities. Though electrocardiograms may not be available at all testing’s, using specific markers and finding differences between gender and sport abnormalities could help detect cardiac abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in resting 12-Lead ECG markers in a group NCAA Div. II collegiate level athletes.

Methods: Four hundred fifty-one college level athlete’s ages 18 to 25 participated in this study. Age, gender, height, …

Effects Of Nutrition Education On Dietary Intake Quality And Nutrition Knowledge In Professional Soccer Players – A Pilot Study, Brittany Wise, Randahl Capurro, Donovan Fogt

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Background and Aims: Nutrition is an important factor for optimal performance of professional athletes. Several studies have demonstrated that elite athletes, especially soccer players, don’t eat enough or a high quality diet. Research shows that a diet with 65-70% of calories from carbohydrates, 20-35% calories from fat and approximately 12% of calories from protein out of an approximate 5,000 kcal diet will show improvements in performance of athletes training at high intensities. This pilot study aimed to test the impact of a targeted nutrition education program on dietary intake quality and nutrition knowledge in professional soccer players.

Methods: We initially …

Doms After Acute Strenuous Exercise And Massage, Cathleen Holub, John D. Smtih

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The art of massage therapy has been around for centuries and investigation of its effects on the human body continues. Purpose: This study is designed to determine if Swedish massage therapy reduces DOMS at 24- and 48-hours after a single bout of resistance exercise to fatigue. Methods: Twenty one volunteers completed a bout of body squats to exhaustion holding a 3.63 kg (8 lb.) weight for men and a 2.27 kg (5 lb.) for women, and after a one-minute rest did the same again but without the weight. This was immediately followed by a 20-minute Swedish massage on …

Relationships Between Leg Power, Leg Strength, Knee Valgus And Trunk Endurance With Hip Pain In Dancers, Elizabeth M. Agre, Heather Rasmussen, Jason Miller

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The hip is a common site of pain and injury in dancers. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between leg power, leg strength, knee valgus and trunk endurance with anteriolateral hip pain. Nine collegiate-aged dancers currently in a university dance program (age = 20±1 yrs, height = 64.8±4.5 in, weight = 131.2±12.8 lbs) reported, on a Visual Analog Scale, their level of pain at rest and while dancing. The dancers’ countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ) and anterior, posterior and bi-lateral trunk endurance were then assessed. The CMJ and SJ assessments, as measures of lower body …

Abnormal Myofiber Morphology And Limb Dysfunction In Claudication, Panagiotis Koutakis, Sara A. Myers, Kim Cluff, Duy M. Ha, Gleb Haynatzki, Rodney D. Mccomb, Koji Uchida, Dimitrios Miserlis, Evlampia Papoutsi, Jason M. Johanning, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

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Walking Before And During A Sea Voyage, Chih-Hui Chang, Nicholas Stergiou, Jeffrey P. Kaipust, Eric Haaland, Yi Wang, Fu-Chen Chen, Thomas A. Stoffregen

Journal Articles

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Abstract

Stationary and moving surfaces impose different constraints on walking. In this study we investigated within-participants differences between walking on a ship before (at the dock) and during (at sea) a sea voyage. Four individuals participated in the study. While on the ship they wore a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+; ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL) on their waists. Activity data were sampled at 30 Hz. Data were collected on the day before the voyage began and on several days at sea. The number of steps per day was greater at the dock than at sea. …

Association Of Physical Activity To The Risk Of Obesity In Adults With Physical Disabilities, Masaru Teramoto, Timothy J. Bungum, Gerald E. Landwer, Dale R. Wagner

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Adults with physical disabilities have an increased risk of obesity. Physical activity is essential to maintaining healthy weight; meanwhile, it is not fully understood how much physical activity is needed in order to decrease the risk of obesity for this population. This paper discusses the association of physical activity to the risk of obesity in adults with physical disabilities. Body Mass Index (BMI) and percent Body Fat (%BF; measure of body composition) are commonly used for determining the prevalence of obesity. Physical activity can help to achieve and maintain optimal BMI and %BF regardless of the presence of physical disabilities. …

An Investigation Of Lower-Extremity Functional Asymmetry For Non-Preferred Able-Bodied Walking Speeds, John Rice, Matthew K. Seeley

John R Rice

Functional asymmetry is an idea that is often used to explain documented bilateral asymmetries during able-bodied gait. Within this context, this idea suggests that the non-dominant and dominant legs, considered as whole entities, contribute asymmetrically to support and propulsion during walking. The degree of functional asymmetry may depend upon walking speed. The purpose of this study was to better understand a potential relationship between functional asymmetry and walking speed. We measured bilateral ground reaction forces (GRF) for 20 healthy subjects who walked at nine different speeds: preferred, +10%, +20%, +30%, +40%, -10%, -20%, -30%, and -40%. Contribution to support was …