Psychology of Movement Commons^™

Evaluating Motivational Interviewing And Habit Formation To Enhance The Effect Of Activity Trackers On Healthy Adults’ Activity Levels: Randomized Intervention, Laura D. Ellingson, Jeni E. Lansing, Kathryn J. Deshaw, Karissa L. Peyer, Yang Bai, Maria Perez, L. Alison Phillips, Gregory Welk

Psychology Publications

Background: While widely used and endorsed, there is limited evidence supporting the benefits of activity trackers for increasing physical activity; these devices may be more effective when combined with additional strategies that promote sustained behavior change like motivational interviewing (MI) and habit development. Objective: This study aims to determine the utility of wearable activity trackers alone or in combination with these behavior change strategies for promoting improvements in active and sedentary behaviors. Methods: A sample of 91 adults (48/91 female, 53%) was randomized to receive a Fitbit Charge alone or in combination with MI and habit education for 12 ...

Can You Float? Part I - Perceptions And Practice Of Unsupported Flotation Competency Among Young Adults, Kevin Moran Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The capacity to maintain the airway through buoyancy control when immersed in water is critical in preventing drowning (Stallman, Moran, Quan & Langendorfer, 2017). In this first phase of the Can you Float? study, perceived and real unsupported flotation competency of a group of students (n=37) with known water proficiency was examined. Using a modified version of Borgs Rating of Perceived exertion (RPE), participants were asked to estimate exertion levels before and after a practical test of five stationary floating tasks of increasing difficulty ranging from treading water to motionless floating. Most participants (82%) were able to tread water for ...

Handwriting At Different Paces And Sizes With Visual Cues In Persons With Parkinson’S Disease, Andrew Zaman, Elizabeth L. Stegemoller

Kinesiology Publications

Background: Persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) typically have small handwriting, especially when writing faster and/or larger. However, visual cues can help persons with PD increase their handwriting size. This study tested if lined paper would improve handwriting in persons with PD, even when writing faster and/or larger. Secondarily, we wanted determine if persons with PD perceived handwriting as stressful, and if perceived stress was associated with writing performance.

Methods: The study included 22 subjects with Parkinson’s disease and 11 age-gender-matched controls. Participants completed eight trials (2 × 2 × 2) of printing a “P” and “d”, at a ...

Changes In Sedentary Time Are Associated With Changes In Mental Wellbeing Over 1 Year In Young Adults, Laura D. Ellingson, Jacob Meyer, Robin P. Shook, Philip M. Dixon, Gregory A. Hand, Michael D. Wirth, Amanda E. Paluch, Stephanie Burgess, James R. Hebert, Steven N. Blair

Kinesiology Publications

Excessive sedentary time is related to poor mental health. However, much of the current literature uses crosssectional data and/or self-reported sedentary time, and does not assess factors such as sedentary bout length. To address these limitations, the influence of objectively measured sedentary time including sedentary bout length (i.e. < 30 min, ≥30 min) on mood, stress, and sleep, was assessed in 271 healthy adults (49% women; age 27.8 ± 3.7) across a 1-year period between 2011 and 2013 in Columbia, SC. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States and the Perceived Stress Scale, and wore a Sensewear Armband to assess sedentary time, physical activity, and sleep for ten days at baseline and one year. A series of fixed-effects regressions was used to determine the influence of both baseline levels and changes in daily sedentary time (total and in bouts) and physical activity on changes in mood, stress, and sleep over one year. Results showed that across the year, decreases in total sedentary time, and time in both short and long bouts, were associated with improvements in mood, stress and sleep (p < 0.05). Increases in physical activity were only significantly predictive of increases in sleep duration (p < 0.05). Thus, reductions in sedentary time, regardless of bout length, positively influenced mental wellbeing. Specifically, these results suggest that decreasing daily sedentary time by 60 min may significantly attenuate the negative effects of high levels of pre-existing sedentary time on mental wellbeing. Interventions manipulating sedentary behavior are needed to determine a causal link with wellbeing and further inform recommendations.

The Four Minute Mile----And The Entire Sport World Is Changed, Paul Olsen

Celebration of Learning

Roger Bannister died recently, and he should be remembered as the man who changed sport----as well as an understanding of human possibility---forever. In 1954 this medical student at Oxford University navigated a world full of both hope and fear, of perceived physical limitation, historical "proof," physical exhaustion, naysayers from all angles including the press, coaches, and fellow athletes. Throughout that journey, Bannister grasped at what he called "rhythms arising from nerve impulses and contracting muscles which interact . . . with a feeling of beauty . . . which might otherwise remain locked away inside ourselves."

Transitioning Out Of Sport: Perspectives Of Student-Athlete Support Or Development Services, Alison Ohashi

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Despite the substantial amount of literature on career transitions in sport, there is insufficient research examining the social support system within college athletics as it is an important resource for student-athletes, especially for their success later in life. Likewise, there are currently no studies exploring athletic retirement from the perspective of student-athlete support or development services, a section of athletic departments that provides programming for the success of their student-athletes. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the implications of athletic retirement from the perspective of directors and/or associate directors of student-athlete support or development services ...

Anxiety And Alternative Facts: An Arts-Based Critical Social Improvisation Project, Rebecca Zarate, Nancy Beardall, Talaye Zarafshandardaky, Brooke Rutstein

Lesley University Community of Scholars Day

According to Grayson and Meilman (2011) the stakes are too high in current campus culture to not acknowledge the social roots of mental health issues such as anxiety, and concerns of students as related to campus safety. This arts-based, music performance project responded to concerns on campus from recent political and social events. More specifically, it aimed to explore the concept of “alternative facts” and how this idea plays with the collective concepts of truth and falsifications. It explored applications of clinical improvisation and the concept of collective anxiety as a social phenomenon expressed through arts including music, dance, and ...

Examining Anxiety And Achievement Goal Theory In Physical Activity Settings, Timothy Michael Dasinger

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In the United States (US), a majority of adults do not meet the recommended guides of physical activity despite the many benefits. One benefit of activity is the reduction of anxiety. Although there is robust evidence demonstrating the anxiolytic effects of physical activity, the mechanism is not fully understood. Some psychological explanations are related to a lack of confidence in one’s ability. Because of this, Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) may be a viable framework to explain the anxiolytic effects of physical activity. The focus of this dissertation is to examine the efficacy of AGT as a mechanism and to ...

The Effect Of An External And Internal Focus Of Attention On Emg, Acceleration And Dart Throwing With A Secondary Task, Cody Chen

Undergraduate Honors Theses

Many research studies have shown the advantages of an external focus of attention (FOA) on motor performance and the benefits of learning with an external FOA. For example, research such as Lohse, Sherwood, and Healy (2010)have found that an external FOA, such as on the flight of a dart, led to better performance and reduced errors compared to an internal FOA. Other findings include decreased preparation time and reduced agonist muscle EMG activity compared to an internal FOA (Lohse et al. 2010). A study by Hitchcock and Sherwood (in press) found that there was less muscular co-contraction and increased ...

Relationships Between Throwing Velocity And Selected Kinematics In Youth Baseball Players, Nick Hedgecock

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Research investigating baseball position players has been limited primarily to pitchers. The current study examined several kinematic variables and their relationship with ball velocity in middle and high school-aged baseball players using two-dimensional (2D) motion analysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate these relationships using 2D motion analysis and compare these results to those reported in the literature using 3D analysis. Thirteen baseball players (15.31 ± 1.25 yrs., 72.29 ± 10.79 kg and 177.09 ± 5.59 cm tall) participated in the study. A video camera was used to record three throwing trials for each participant ...

Effects Of Direction Time Constraints And Walking Speed On Turn Strategies And Gait Adaptations In Healthy Older And Young Adults, Dennis Torre

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Hip fractures can be life-threatening, debilitating, and costly. The odds for hip fracture increases from impact of sideways falls. While turning has been strongly associated with hip fracture & sideways falls, the distinction between the risks for walking-turns as opposed to low-velocity in-place turning is not clear. The present study sought to fill a gap as previous research had not compared walking-turn performance in young & healthy older adults at low-fall risk within the same study and response-conditions of speed interacting with direction-cue time constraints. Spatial-temporal variables representative of AP braking/propulsion (i.e. stride-length & speed) & ML stability (left/right H-H BOS) were collected with the Gaitrite upon approach of a turning zone whose entrance width was just 73 cm; and turn-strategy categorical data for stable wide-BOS step-turns, biomechanically challenging narrow-BOS spin-turns, and combined subtypes of mixed-turns either of the “extra-step” variety representative of an AP stability/braking issue or “small-amplitude” variety representative of a ML stability/balance issue were captured on video. Mixed-ANOVA of gait measures for AP propulsion/braking revealed no age-group differences in speed despite a trend for less of a fast-pace increase in elderly stride-length, yet similar anticipatory ...

Fall Risk In Sedentary, Recreationally Active, And Masters Athlete Older Adults, Felicia Elizabeth Squires

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine whether different habitual activity levels may affect balance ability in older adults. Balance must be studied as poor balance increases likelihood of falls. This study examined activity levels in older adults and effect on balance ability. Fifty-nine older adults aged 66.5 ± 9.5 participated. Three groups were separated by physical activity level. First group had 13 masters athletes, older adults performing least 150 minutes of aerobic activity a week and competing in nationally sanctioned event within the last six months. Twenty-seven older adults comprised recreationally active group performing at least 150 ...

Walking As Ontological Shifter: Thoughts In The Key Of Life, Bibi (Silvina) Calderaro

All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

With walking as ontological shifter I pursue an alternative to the dominant modernist episteme that offers either/or onto-epistemologies of opposition and their reifying engagements. I propose this type of walking is an intentional turning towards a set of radical positions that, as integrative aesthetic and therapeutic practice, brings multiplicity and synchronicity to experience and being in an expanded sociality. This practice facilitates the conditions of possibility for recurring points of contact between the interiority perceived as ‘body’ and the exteriority perceived as ‘world.’ While making evident the self’s at once incoherence with it-self, it opens to a space ...

Self-Perceptions And Social–Emotional Classroom Engagement Following Structured Physical Activity Among Preschoolers: A Feasibility Study, Spyridoula Vazou, Constantine Mantis, Gayle J. Luze, Jacqueline S. Krogh

Human Development and Family Studies Publications

The well-rounded development of the child, including physical, cognitive, emotional, and social health, may be the most efficient route to well-being and academic success. The primary goal was to investigate the feasibility of implementing a 12-week structured program of physical activity (PA) incorporating cognitive, social, and emotional elements in preschool. Additionally, this study, using a within-subject design, examined the acute effects of a PA session on classroom engagement and changes on perceived competence and peer acceptance from the first to the last week of the program.

Effect Of Activity Trackers And Text Messaging On Exercise, Fitness, And Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Of Middle School Students, Alison F. Pittman

Nursing Theses and Dissertations

A decrease in physical activity as children age is a contributing factor to the U.S. obesity epidemic. Middle school children are particularly vulnerable to sedentary activities. Activity trackers show promise as a means to motivate children and adults to increase physical activity (PA). This study examined the effect of a text messaging intervention and use of activity trackers with a companion social website on the body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, physical fitness, and PA self-efficacy of middle school children. Children aged 11-14 (n=102) were randomly assigned to one of three groups for a 10-week intervention: activity ...

The Effect Of Two Learning Conditions On A Dancer's Technical Accuracy And Confidence In A Simulated Performance Setting, Avery K. Lux

Honors Theses AY 16/17

In dance classes, mirrors are used to help students see if they are using proper alignment and technique. Mirrors are used in the classroom, but are not used in performances. Performances usually take place on a stage, with stage lighting. The purpose of this study is to see if there is a notable impact on the technical accuracy and confidence of the dancer when learning dance with the mirror versus learning dance without the mirror. For this study, participants learned sequences with and without the mirror, and executed the sequences in a simulated performance setting. A faculty panel assessed the ...

Promoting Benefits Of Physical Activity Through Persuasive Communication, Priynka Patil

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Inactivity early in life can lead to inactively later in life, which can result in negative outcomes. The primary purpose was to determine if gain- or loss-framed messages about physical activity would change the attitudes, intentions, and behaviours of students in the contemplation or preparation stage of the Transtheoretical model. The secondary purpose was to determine if framing the message in terms of the physical health benefits, appearance/social benefits, or mental health benefits (benefit condition) would change attitude, intention and behaviour. Undergraduate female students (N=60) between the ages of 18 and 36 were recruited from the university. The ...

Get Up, Stand Up: A Brief History Of Sedentarism And Why Movement Is Good Medicine, Robert Anthony Federico

Journal of Evolution and Health

No abstract provided.

Effect Of In-Water Scuba Diving Activities On Response Time In Recreational Divers, Christopher R. Kovacs Ph.D., Trevor D. Paulsen M.S.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the performance of in-water scuba diving training activities and simple motor response time. Twenty-four students enrolled in a scuba course had their motor response times measured before and after a one hour training session. Pre- and post-dive response times were measured using an iPad application. Additionally, students were asked to complete a dive history questionnaire to determine their diving experience and health history. Statistical analysis indicated a significant training effect on response time in the recreational scuba divers F (1.00, 23.00) p =.033. The results of this ...

Associations Of Health Club Membership With Physical Activity And Cardiovascular Health, Elizabeth C. Schroeder, Gregory Welk, Warren D. Franke, Duck-Chul Lee

Kinesiology Publications

Introduction This study evaluates whether a health club membership is associated with meeting the US physical activity (PA) guidelines and/or favorable cardiovascular health.

Methods Using cross-sectional data of health club members (n = 204) and non-members (n = 201) from April to August 2013, this is the first study to our knowledge to examine a health club membership in relation to objectively measured cardiovascular health indicators including resting blood pressure, resting heart rate, body mass index, waist circumference, and cardio respiratory fitness based on a non-exercise test algorithm. To determine the total PA and sedentary time, this study used a comprehensive ...