An Ecological Approach To Experiential Learning In An Inner-City Context,
2014
Montclair State University
An Ecological Approach To Experiential Learning In An Inner-City Context, Pauline Garcia-Reid, Robert Reid, Bradley Forenza
Department of Family Science and Human Development Scholarship and Creative Works
In‐depth, qualitative interviewing was employed to describe processes and competencies experienced by family science interns, who practiced in a high‐risk ecological context. Twenty interns from a 3‐year period were recruited. All had interned on the same federally funded, HIV/substance abuse prevention grant in the same focal city. Within this sample, it was determined that experiential learning—vis‐à‐vis the internship—facilitated both intrapersonal processes and ecological competencies for family science interns, who may otherwise have lacked this knowledge when assuming professional roles. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Role Model Fathers Or Deadbeat Dads? A Study Of Peromyscus Paternal Behavior,
2014
University of South Carolina - Columbia
Role Model Fathers Or Deadbeat Dads? A Study Of Peromyscus Paternal Behavior, Taylor Wapshott
Senior Theses
Paternal behavior is a largely understudied and poorly understood topic, especially in mammalian species. Many current mammalian models for paternal behavior use a comparative approach, taking advantage of natural differences in behavior between closely related species. This study compared paternal behavior in two rodent species, namely Peromyscus maniculatus (BW) and Peromyscus polionotus (PO). PO rodents have been shown to be monogamous, but there have been no studies of their paternal behavior at this time. 10 PO males and 12 BW males were filmed in their home cage for a 10 minute period following initial disturbance of their nest and removal …
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Is Linked To Decreased Energetic Condition In Long-Distance Migrants,
2014
University of Hawaii, Hilo
El Niño-Southern Oscillation Is Linked To Decreased Energetic Condition In Long-Distance Migrants, Kristina Paxton, Emily B. Cohen, Zoltán Németh, Frank R. Moore
Faculty Publications
Predicting how migratory animals respond to changing climatic conditions requires knowledge of how climatic events affect each phase of the annual cycle and how those effects carry-over to subsequent phases. We utilized a 17-year migration dataset to examine how El Niño-Southern Oscillation climatic events in geographically different regions of the Western hemisphere carry-over to impact the stopover biology of several intercontinental migratory bird species. We found that migratory birds that over-wintered in South America experienced significantly drier environments during El Niño years, as reflected by reduced Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values, and arrived at stopover sites in reduced energetic …
A Male Spider’S Ornamentation Polymorphism Maintained
By Opposing Selection With Two Niches,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
A Male Spider’S Ornamentation Polymorphism Maintained By Opposing Selection With Two Niches, Bo Deng, Alex Estes, Brett Grieb, Douglas Richard, Brittney Hinds, Eileen Hebets
Eileen Hebets Publications
The Levene mechanism to maintain genotypic polymorphism by opposing selection on genotypes in multiple niches was proposed 60 years ago, and yet no systems were found to satisfy the mechanisms rather restrictive conditions. Reported here is such an example that a wolf spider population lives in a habitat of mixed rocks and leafy litter for which the females are phenotypically indistinguishable and the males have two distinct phenotypes subject to opposing selection with respect to the substrates. Census data is best-fitted to a population genetics model of the Levene type. A majority of the best fit support polymorphism, with many …
Tactical Adjustment Of Signaling Leads To Increased Mating
Success And Survival,
2014
Indiana University
Tactical Adjustment Of Signaling Leads To Increased Mating Success And Survival, Laura Sullivan-Beckers, Eileen A. Hebets
Eileen Hebets Publications
Most sexually reproducing animals overcome the challenge of searching for and attracting mates by utilizing signals that are broadcast through a spatially and temporally varying environment. A diverse suite of behavioral solutions exist for overcoming such environmental variability, including the adjustment of signaling behavior based upon receiver feedback. Few studies have directly examined the relationship between such tactical signaling adjustments and proxies of male fitness; the few that have, failed to find a relationship. Using the wolf spider, Schizocosa rovneri, we set out to first quantify among-male variation in the form and degree of responsiveness to female feedback. Following …
Evolutionary Pressures On Primate Intertemporal Choice,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Evolutionary Pressures On Primate Intertemporal Choice, Jeffrey R. Stevens
Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications
From finding food to choosing mates, animals must make intertemporal choices that involve fitness benefits available at different times. Species vary dramatically in their willingness to wait for delayed rewards. Why does this variation across species exist? An adaptive approach to intertemporal choice suggests that time preferences should reflect the temporal problems faced in a species' environment. Here, I use phylogenetic regression to test whether allometric factors (relating to body size), relative brain size, and social group size predict how long 13 primate species will wait in laboratory intertemporal choice tasks. Controlling for phylogeny, a composite allometric factor that includes …
Adaptive Strategies For Foraging And Their Implications For Flower Constancy, Or: Do Honey Bees Multitask?,
2014
East Tennessee State University
Adaptive Strategies For Foraging And Their Implications For Flower Constancy, Or: Do Honey Bees Multitask?, Ashley E. Wagner
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Classical experiments on honey bee time-memory showed that foragers trained to collect food at a fixed time of day return the following day with remarkable time-accuracy. Previous field experiments revealed that not all foragers return to a food source on unrewarded test days. Rather, there exist 2 subgroups: “persistent” foragers reconnoiter the source; “reticent” foragers wait in the hive for confirmation of source availability. To examine how these foragers contribute to a colony’s ability to reallocate foragers across sources with rapidly changing availabilities, foragers were trained to collect sucrose during a restricted window for several days and observed over 3 …
Diel Patterns Of Foraging Aggression And Antipredator Behavior In The Trashline Orb-Weaving Spider, Cyclosa Turbinata,
2014
East Tennessee State University
Diel Patterns Of Foraging Aggression And Antipredator Behavior In The Trashline Orb-Weaving Spider, Cyclosa Turbinata, James C. Watts
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have rigorously assessed the adaptive value of diel rhythms in animals. We laid the groundwork for assessing the adaptive rhythm hypothesis by assaying diel rhythms of foraging and antipredator behavior in the orb-weaving spider Cyclosa turbinata. When confronted with a predator stimulus in experimental arenas, C. turbinata exhibited thanatosis behavior more frequently and for longer durations during the day. However, assays of antipredator response within webs revealed more complex diel patterns of avoidance behaviors and no pattern of avoidance behavior duration. Assays of prey capture behavior found that the likelihood of exhibiting prey capture behavior varied significantly …
Plasticity In Female Mate Choosiness: A Result Of Variation In Perceived Predation Risk And The Interaction Of Female Age And Male Density,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Plasticity In Female Mate Choosiness: A Result Of Variation In Perceived Predation Risk And The Interaction Of Female Age And Male Density, Ashley Atwell
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
In many species, female mate choices can be a strong source of sexual selection. Females often prefer a certain male phenotype, and this can be due to benefits females gain from mating with preferred males. However, such benefits can sometimes be outweighed by the cost of searching for a preferred male. These costs and benefits often change concomitantly with changes in environmental (e.g., predator abundance and conspecific density) and internal factors (e.g., female age). Thus, female mate choosiness (the degree to which preferences for certain males are expressed) should often be plastic. Plasticity in female mate choosiness may be complicated …
Is There Variation In The Effects Of Primate Size As Seed Dispersers?: Seed And Seedling Performance After Gut Simulation Treatments In Hydrochloric Acid,
2014
University of Tennessee - Knoxville
Is There Variation In The Effects Of Primate Size As Seed Dispersers?: Seed And Seedling Performance After Gut Simulation Treatments In Hydrochloric Acid, Denise Chac
Chancellor’s Honors Program Projects
No abstract provided.
Testing For Positive Edge Responses In A Fragmented Landscape In The Eastern Tiger (Papilio Glaucus) And The Spicebush (P. Troilus) Swallowtail Butterflies,
2014
The University of Western Ontario
Testing For Positive Edge Responses In A Fragmented Landscape In The Eastern Tiger (Papilio Glaucus) And The Spicebush (P. Troilus) Swallowtail Butterflies, Jenna C. Siu
Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository
Landscape changes such as habitat fragmentation and habitat loss are contributing to a global decline in biodiversity. While habitat fragmentation research has mainly focused on species that avoid edges, or the boundaries between different landcover types (negative edge response), a hypothesized resource distribution model predicts that species that require complementary resources in different landcovers will be most abundant at edges (positive edge response). Adults of Eastern Tiger (Papilio glaucus) and Spicebush (P. troilus) swallowtail butterflies require forests for oviposition sites and meadows for nectar resources. I examined the relative abundance and flight orientation of both species …
Visual Search And Attention In Blue Jays (Cyanocitta
Cristata): Associative Cuing And Sequential Priming,
2014
Sagami Women's University
Visual Search And Attention In Blue Jays (Cyanocitta Cristata): Associative Cuing And Sequential Priming, Kazuhiro Goto, Alan B. Bond, Marianna Burks, Alan C. Kamil
Alan Bond Publications
Visual search for complex natural targets requires focal attention, either cued by predictive stimulus associations or primed by a representation of the most recently detected target. Because both processes can focus visual attention, cuing and priming were compared in an operant search task to evaluate their relative impacts on performance and to determine the nature of their interaction in combined treatments. Blue jays were trained to search for pairs of alternative targets among distractors. Informative or ambiguous color cues were provided before each trial, and targets were presented either in homogeneous blocked sequences or in constrained random order. Initial task …
Costs Of Female Mating Behavior In The Variable Field Cricket, Gryllus Lineaticeps,
2014
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Costs Of Female Mating Behavior In The Variable Field Cricket, Gryllus Lineaticeps, Cassandra M. Martin
School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
Female animals may risk predation by associating with males that have conspicuous mate attraction traits. The mate attraction song of male field crickets also attracts lethal parasitoid flies. Female crickets, which do not sing, may risk parasitism when associating with singing males. If parasitism risk is sufficiently high, it may affect the evolution of female mating behaviors. In this dissertation, I explore the interaction between the female variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, and the parasitoid fly, Ormia ochracea. To begin, I investigated whether female parasitism risk resulted from being near singing males. I found that females can become …
Things That Go 'Munch' In The Night: Behavior, Range, And Feeding Ecology Of A Mother And Offspring Daubentonia Madagascariensis,
2014
SIT Study Abroad
Things That Go 'Munch' In The Night: Behavior, Range, And Feeding Ecology Of A Mother And Offspring Daubentonia Madagascariensis, Inga Roen
Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection
This study of Daubentonia madagascariensis behavior, diet, and range was conducted during the late rainy season in the Sangasanga and Tsiazon'amboa rainforest fragments of the Kianjavato Classified Forest near the village Kianjavato in the Ambositra–Vondrozo Forest Corridor in eastern Madagascar. Research was conducted under the guidance and with the assistance of the Madagascar Biodiversity Partnership. Though multiple studies have described the behavior of juvenile D. madagascariensis individuals in captivity, few researchers have followed them into their natural habitat. In this study, behavioral observations and GPS data were collected and analyzed for a mother Daubentonia madagascariensis individual and her infant when …
Northern Saw-Whet Owls: A Descriptive Look At Their Anatomy, Behavior, And Migration,
2014
Liberty University
Northern Saw-Whet Owls: A Descriptive Look At Their Anatomy, Behavior, And Migration, Brandon M. Ray
Senior Honors Theses
The Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) is a small species of migratory owl native to North America. Through an analysis of research conducted at Liberty University’s Camp Hydaway in the Piedmont of Virginia as well as comparison studies at owl netting stations in the mountains and the coastal plain, it was shown that the Northern Saw-whet migrates along consistent routes southward while the timing and frequency of the migration varies by several days based on sex, age, owl population fluctuations, weather, and the owls’ physical health. Several years’ worth of owl capture data were compiled from stations across …
The Culture Of Observation The Native Story Tradition In The Pacific Northwest Between 1850 And 1930,
2014
Trinity College
The Culture Of Observation The Native Story Tradition In The Pacific Northwest Between 1850 And 1930, Rob Black
Senior Theses and Projects
No abstract provided.
The Effects Of Predation Risk And Thermoregulation Cost On The Foraging Behavior Of The Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis),
2014
Trinity College
The Effects Of Predation Risk And Thermoregulation Cost On The Foraging Behavior Of The Eastern Grey Squirrel (Sciurus Carolinensis), Anne E. Collier
Senior Theses and Projects
In this study, the effects of predation risk and thermoregulation cost on the foraging behavior of the urban eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis) were examined. There were two objectives. The first was to determine if either thermoregulation cost or predation risk had a more significant effect on foraging behavior. The second was to find out if foliar cover or distance to refuge was a more important cue of predation risk. To accomplish these goals, giving-up density and temperature data were collected at feeding trays both under the canopy and outside of the canopy at two deciduous trees and …
The Dynamics Of Animal Social Networks: Analytical, Conceptual, And Theoretical Advances,
2014
University of California, Los Angeles
The Dynamics Of Animal Social Networks: Analytical, Conceptual, And Theoretical Advances, Noa Pinter-Wollman, Elizabeth A. Hobson, Jennifer E. Smith, Andrew Edelman, Daizaburo Shizuka, Shermin De Silva, James Waters, Steven D. Prager, Takao Sasaki, George Wittemyer, Jennifer Fewell, David B. Mcdonald
Papers in Behavior in Biological Sciences
Social network analysis provides a broad and complex perspective on animal sociality that is widely applicable to almost any species. Recent applications demonstrate the utility of network analysis for advancing our understanding of the dynamics, selection pressures, development, and evolution of complex social systems. However, most studies of animal social networks rely primarily on a descriptive approach. To propel the field of animal social networks beyond exploratory analyses and to facilitate the integration of quantitative methods that allow for the testing of ecologically and evolutionarily relevant hypotheses, we review methodological and conceptual advances in network science, which are underutilized in …
Direct And Relational Representation During Transitive List Linking In Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus Cyanocephalus),
2014
SESYNC, Annapolis, MD
Direct And Relational Representation During Transitive List Linking In Pinyon Jays (Gymnorhinus Cyanocephalus), Cynthia Wei, Alan Kamil, Alan B. Bond
Alan Bond Publications
The authors used the list-linking procedure (Treichler & Van Tilburg, 1996) to explore the processes by which animals assemble cognitive structures from fragmentary and often contradictory data. Pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) were trained to a high level of accuracy on two implicit transitive lists. They were then given linkage training on the single pair that linked the two lists into a composite, 10-item hierarchy. Following linkage training, the birds were tested on nonadjacent probe pairs drawn both from within (B-D and 2–4) and between (D-1, E-2, B-2, C-3) each original list. Linkage training resulted in a significant transitory disruption in …
Tribute To Tinbergen: The Place Of Animal Behavior In Biology,
2014
Washington University in St Louis
Tribute To Tinbergen: The Place Of Animal Behavior In Biology, Joan E. Strassmann
Biology Faculty Publications & Presentations
Tinbergen is famous for emphasizing behavioral fieldwork and experimentation under natural circumstances, for founding the field of ethology, for getting a Nobel Prize, and for mentoring Richard Dawkins. He is known for dividing behavior studies into physiology, development, natural selection, and evolutionary history. In the decades since Tinbergen was active, some of the best research in animal behavior fuses Tinbergen's questions, connecting genes to behavioral phenotypes, for example. Behavior is the most synthetic of the life sciences, because observing the actions of an organism can tell us what all those physical and physiological traits are for. Insights from behavior tell …
