Psychology Commons^™

Concept Instruction Effects In Complex Problem Solving, Charles Jay Gadway

Student Work

Since relevant environmental factors and individual differences affect problem solving behavior, E evaluated interactive effects of situational problem, response, and concept instructions, and abstracting ability. A crossed-factorial design with two levels of each environmental factor (given and not given) and two levels of abstracting ability (high and low) was used. The criteria were efficiency in solving 15 complex numerical problems by S on a five point scale. The hypotheses are that Ss receiving concept instructions can solve the problems faster and more accurately and express more confidence I their solutions than Ss not receiving them.

The Relationship Of Locus Of Reinforcement To Change In Initial Perception Of Communicator Credibility And Type Of Decision Generated, Stephen Allan Brown

Student Work

Hovland, Janis, and Kelley (1953) distinguished between expertness and trustworthiness, two variables most relevant to communicator perception. They defined expertness as the extent to which a communicator is perceived to be a source of valid assertions and trustworthiness as the degree of confidence in the communicator's intent to communicate the assertions he considers most valid. They defined communicator credibility (degree of belief) as incorporating both expertness and trustworthiness but concluded that there was experimental confounding of both variables.

The Effects Of Physostigmine Sulfate On Inferential Learning In The Rat, Stephen Frederic Johnsen

Student Work

The following study has arisen out of an interest in the recent work done on the chemistry of neural transmission. Since experimentation has indicated that certain chemicals affect some lower level learning performance of animals such as maze performance, this experiment is an attempt to find out whether the same effects hold for such a chemical on higher order learning processes, as indicated by Maier's three-table-test.

The Test-Retest Performance Of 427 Institutionalized Mentally Retarded Individuals On The 1937 Revision Of The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, David C. Ihrig

Student Work

Rothstein (1962, pp. 582, 583) in summarizing some of the findings which were issued at the 1960 meeting of the White House Conference on Children and Youth stated:

That there are 5,000,000 retarded individuals of all ages in America ....That 95 out of 100,000 citizens in the United States are receiving care in residential institutions for the mentally retarded....That, of the number of retarded individuals admitted to state institutions for the first time, 85 percent are under 20 years of age ... The proportion of institutionalized educable retarded individuals is dropping, hut the proportion of institutionalized children with I.Q.s below …

The Progressive Matrices (1938) With Chronic Brain Disorder And Chronic Schizophrenic Subjects, Ellis L. Schultz

Student Work

This is a report of a study which investigated the performance of two experimental groups of adult psychiatric patients and one group of noninstltutional control subjects on Sets A, B, C, D, and E of the 1956 revised edition of the Ravens Progressive Matrices (1938 Fora, referred to throughout this paper as the PM). The two experimental subject groups consisted of a chronic schizophrenic reaction group and a chronic brain disorder without-psychosis group.

Correlation Between Some Of The Cattell Objective-Analytic Personality Tests And Biographical Data, Ronald Nixon Taylor

Student Work

Although there Is little agreement as to the exact definition of the term "personality," there is almost universal agreement as to the wide scope encompassed by this term and the tremendous influence of the personalities of individuals in every area of their lives and on the lives of those around them. Its importance in college activities, as in all other areas of behavior, can scarcely be denied.

Relationships Within And Between The 1960 Stanford-Binet L-M And The Goodenough Intelligence Test With Intellectually Sub-Average Children, Frederick M. Rudie

Student Work

The examination of relationships within and between the 1960 Stanford-Binet and the Goodenough Intelligence Test provided the basis for this thesis, Before considering the relationships, some background on the testing movement, Binet Scales, Stanford-Binet, Goodenough Draw- A-Man Test, Stanford-Binet vocabulary subtest* Stanford-Binet scatter, and the slow learner would prove useful.

The Relationship Between The Wechsler-Bellevue Subtests And Academic Achievement Using Institutionalized Retardates, Fred Richard Seybold

Student Work

The relation of intelligence to achievement is complex, and studies have yielded varying and inconsistent results. It is recognized that intelligence is only one variable of many which contributes to some degree to one’s educational attainments. However, in the case of mental retardation, there is no doubt that intelligence is one of the most important factors influencing academic achievement.

An Experimental Investigation On The Theoretical Development Of Conditioned Inhibition, Daniel B. Felker

Student Work

The Hullian Intervening variables, reactive Inhibition (IR) and conditioned inhibition (SIR) have, like many other Hullian intervening variables, generated large amounts of research as reported in the psychological literature. These views of Hull are presented systematically in two of a proposed three-book system.

An Investigation Of The Correlations Between Years Of Service In Pastoral Work And The Scores Of The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, C. L. Wessman

Student Work

In the August Twentieth issue of Life Magazine an article appeared entitled, “Why Ministers Are Breaking Down.”¹ Three months later, the Christian Century answered this article in Life with “Are Ministers Cracking Up?”² The conclusions of these two articles were in disagreement. However, they were alike in that they were based upon personal observations of a few cases and not upon careful study. Since then other periodicals have carried like articles written in like style.³ A casual examination of the books on a minister’s personal problems in the library of any theological seminary will manifest the same …

A Content Analysis Of Self-Reliance Or Dependence In A Sixth Grade Reading Text-Book, Roxilu Kelton Bohrer

Student Work

Traditionally, our nation has been one in which individual effort and enterprise are rewarded. Our “log cabin” heroes, our “Horatio Alger” stories, are a reflection of a cultural tradition of interdependence and self-reliance which we cherish. Most of us fondly recall the story of the little train engine who said, “I think I can, I think I can,” and managed to puff over the hill.¹ This little train showed self-reliance and independence in reaching his goal. By contrast, a recent children’s book tells about a little locomotive who goes to school to learn to be a big locomotive and …

An Analysis Of Existential Psychology, Arthur Erwin Wolfgarth

Student Work

The purpose of this thesis is to trace the thread of existential psychological thought from its first systematic statements in Denmark through its expansion in Europe to its influence in contemporary thought in the United States. This study begins with Søren Kierkegaard who cast existential expression into molds that have not broken to the present day. The study then primarily concerns Jean-Paul Sartre who expanded Kierkegaard’s germinal concepts into a theoretical psychology. From Sartre the thread is followed to the United States in the writings of Erich Fromm, Rollo May, and Carl Rogers. Existential theoretical psychology develops a psychoanalytical approach, …

The Experimental Study Of The Relation Between The Alpha Rhythm Of The Electroencephalogram And Intelligence, David Gordon Shacter

Student Work

During in the year 1808, Gall was assessing a person's intellectual attributes by means of bumps in their heads. He held the opinion that an intellectual trait, as well as any other trait, would show the degree of its development by exerting a local pressure, pressing outward and finally appearing as a bump.

A Statistical Analysis Of The Relations Between Interpersonal Perception And Adjustment In Leaders, Stephen Alan Mourer

Student Work

The study of leadership and its relationship to other psychological dimensions has been and continues to be a lively research topic in the field of psychology. The study of leadership raises many important questions that, ultimately, can only be properly answered by controlled experimentation. Who will become a leader? Under what circumstances will he lead? What are the psychological dimensions most commonly related to leadership? What is leadership? Can we train leaders? These questions and many others serve as a continuous challenge to researchers In psychology as well as related disciplines. The Importance of leadership to day was

A Longitudinal Study Of The Relations Between Sex, Intelligence, Reading Grade Achievement, And Rate Of Reading Growth From Grades Four Through Eight, Janice M. Ebert

Student Work

Reading has been acknowledged as one of the basic subjects in formal education experience. School administrators, teachers, psychologists, parents, and other interested persons have stressed the urgent demand for such a skill for solving problems, reasoning, and learning. A considerable amount of time, effort, and attention has been devoted to reading in the elementary school. It has a vital place in nearly every aspect of academic endeavor. Unless a child attains a certain facility in reading, his educational progress is hindered. Snedaker and Horn indicated concern when they stated that pupils must obtain from books a vast part of their …

A Comparison Of The Revised Stanford-Binet Scale And The Terman-Mcnemar Test Of Mental Ability With Respect To The Prediction Of Scholastic Achievement, Sanford L. Mcdonald

Student Work

Although more than fifty years have passed since the Frenchmen Alfred Binet and Theophile Simon published the first effective intelligence test, psychological testing has evolved through many stages since that time. There are many different types of psychological tests now, with numerous methods of interpretation. However, through all of this evolution the basic purpose of the tests has remained the same— to measure Individual differences. Just as Binet and Simon's first intelligence test ". . . succeeded in differentiating between children of various age and grade levels and made possible the prediction of the child's progress in school, so psychological …

A Study Of Personality Characteristics And Effectiveness Of Job Performance Of Usaf Non-Commissioned Officers Instructing Basic Military Training, John R. Grotzinger

Student Work

Years of service in the Air Force has served to reveal the need for an increased awareness of the high cost of training personnel. While many factors are involved in this problem, one particularly important facet is the type and quality of leadership, instruction and supervision which basic trainees are s u b jected to in their initial period of adjustment to military life. This inchoate period of adjustment in the Armed Services is a particularly sensitive one for the individual.

A Comparative Study In The Development Of The Sensori-Motor Intelligence According To Jean Piaget And Arnold Gesell, Henri R. Ouellet

Student Work

The discovery of a proper topic for a thesis, as well as the organization of the material to be studied may be born of either a sudden insight into a problem left unsolved until now or may grow from a long familiarity with scientific facts, with the result that relationships and comparisons gradually emerge and impose themselves as a distinct object of investigation.

A Consideration Of The Relationship Between Memory As Measured By The Stanford-Binet And Reading Achievement As Measured By The California Reading Achievement Test At The Fifth Grade Level, Alfred Owen Fonkalsrud

Student Work

In the remote past the reading of written and printed symbols had Its origin when man first began to use pictures and other characters to send messages and to record events. It occurred very slowly and took a lot of effort to change from picture writing to the use of letters In representing specific sounds.

The Egyptians as early as twenty-five centuries before Christ had analysed words and syllables into sounds and had developed a series of symbols to represent them. As a result of the ingenuity of the Semites these sounds and symbols were the beginning of the Phoenician …

Threat Anticipation In Adolescents, C. Eugene Hampton

Student Work

No abstract provided.

A Performance Analysis Of The Upper And Lower 20% Of A Senior High School Group Compared On Tests Of Interest, Personality And Achievement, Richard E. Jensen

Student Work

Since early civilization man has been faced with a multitude of situations demanding that he make a decision or choice on which a future course of action or behavior will be based. We might correctly assume that decisions made by people have never been of such simplicity that they created no tension.

Civilization has become progressively more complicated, and thus more alternatives are present from which a person must choose, In the earliest days of man’s existence, decisions were of the simplest and most fundamental nature, Man’s decisions and choices ware, for the most part, governed by a few biological …

A Comparative Study Of The Readability Of The King James Version Of The Bible And The New Standard Revision Of The Bible, Dwight Robert Miller

Student Work

For many years a difference of opinion has existed regarding the relative reading ease of different versions of the Bible, the majority of the arguments made by the various factions have been based upon limited observation, and in no instance has experimental evidence been presented to support the contentions of any group.

A Study Of The Effect Of Chronological Age On Reading Performance In The First, Second And Third Grades, Gale L. Fuller

Student Work

Reading, a complex psycho-physiological, thought-provoking process if concerned with the communication of ideas from writer to reader (16). In reading, one is not having first-hand experience with human events. Rather, he is having vicarious experiences by interpreting the written record of another person’s experience. Many skills and abilities; i.e., word recognition, drawing of inferences, the organization of ideas, comprehension of meaning, and a host of others, are involved in the reading process. However, reading does not involve these skills individually. They operate together in meaningful situations to serve one’s purpose.

Learning to read is a central concern of all children, …

The Use Of A Diagnostic Spelling Test In The Analysis Of Spelling Problems, Geraldine L. Whitted

Student Work

From the first attempt to standardize English spelling In the eighteenth century, to the present, the problem of spelling has caused much concern, comment, criticism, and discussion.

The absence of any practical diagnostic tool which would enable educators and clinicians to discover the type of disabilities of those with whom they come In professional contact and the causes for the spelling disabilities prompted this study.

A Study Of Aptitude Test Scores Of Entering Students At The University Of Omaha For The Years 1946 Through 1951, Richard W. Schuett

Student Work

The object of this research study was to determine If any changes in college aptitude, as measured by entrance test scores, hare occurred for those students who entered the University of Omaha during the years 1946 through 1951.

A Study Of The Relationship Between Visual Reversal Tendency And Reading Failure, Claramary Smith

Student Work

In clinics and hospitals, in schools and other places where children are observed and rested, it has been a matter of observation for a long time that many young children see printed symbols in reverse.

Some clinicians have felt that this visual reversal tendency might be a definite deterrent in terms of reading difficulty.

Since records were available, it was decided that a statistical study could be undertaken in order to test this hypothesis.

A Study Of Personality And Interest Traits Of Successful And Unsuccessful Group Work Leaders Using Six Standardized Tests, Mary E. Flannigan

Student Work

No recreational or leisure-time program can rise above the level of its leadership. No matter how fine the objectives of the Board of Directors and the Executive, if they are not matched by competence of those who actually provide leadership, they fail.

From the standpoint of objectives and policies, nothing so directly determines the value and outcome of a Social Group Work Agency as the leaders in program activities. It is the Group Leaders, whether paid or volunteer, within an agency that reduce to a minimum the gap between the possible and actual effectiveness of the program.

A Study Of The Relationship Between Self-Evaluations, Test Results And The Opinions Of Experts, Arthur L. Belknap

Student Work

As a part of his address “Addressing Men’s Minds” delivered to the assembled members of the National Office Management Association, Omaha Chapter, Claude E. Thompson – Professor of Psychology and Business and the Director of the Bureau of Adult Testing at the University of Omaha – conducted an experiment designed to examine the ability of the group to adequately evaluate others. It was with his kind permission that this investigator was able to collect, analyze, and report on the resulting data.

Correlations Between The Johnson Temperament Analysis And The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Based Upon 100 Male Counselees, F. Alec Phillips

Student Work

The field of personality is one of the most popular, challenging, important, and confused in present-day psychological studies.

During the psychology’s infancy, the study was neglected by the psychologists and left to the uncontrolled clinical methods of the psychiatrists and psychoanalysis. Finally, study in this field has been undertaken by psychologists possessing scientific method, but too often lacking the orientation to persons as such, which characterizes the clinically trained psychiatrists. It should, therefore, he no surprise to find chaotic conditions ruling the study of the psychology of personality.

Correlations Between The Bernreuter Personality Inventory And The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory At The College Level, William Walter Farquhar

Student Work

The basic problem of the study was to determine the extent of relationship between the Bernreuter Personality Inventory and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory at the college level. Primarily this is a problem of method.