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Articles 481 - 510 of 510
Full-Text Articles in Psychology
Assessing The Impact Of Spiritual And Relational Teaching On Student Learning, Jillian Ferrell, Jeffrey Reber
Assessing The Impact Of Spiritual And Relational Teaching On Student Learning, Jillian Ferrell, Jeffrey Reber
Journal of Undergraduate Research
According to the mission and aims of Brigham Young University, one of the outcomes of a BYU experience should be that it is spiritually strengthening. BYU is not alone in desiring this kind of experience. A faculty and student survey collected by UCLA’s Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) (Lindholm, Szelényi, Hurtado, & Korn, 2005) found that perhaps up to 80 percent of students nationwide have an interest in spirituality and almost half say that it is “essential” that colleges encourage the personal expression of spirituality. Unfortunately, only 30 percent of faculty nationwide agree that colleges should be concerned with facilitating …
Development Of A Self-Determination Theory Measure Of Adolescent’S Motivations To Abstain From Sex And Alcohol, Jacob Curtis, Sam Hardy
Development Of A Self-Determination Theory Measure Of Adolescent’S Motivations To Abstain From Sex And Alcohol, Jacob Curtis, Sam Hardy
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Adolescent sex and alcohol use are issues today in America. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012), about a third of high school students report having had sex in the previous three months, and 79% of twelfth graders have drunk alcohol at least once in their lifetime. There has been a cost for society. Teen childbearing cost U.S. taxpayers $10.9 billion in 2008 (The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2011), and underage drinking cost Americans over $62 billion in 2010 (Underage Drinking Enforcement Training Center, 2011).
Role Of Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) On Cocaine-Induced Da Release In The Nac, Jacqueline Solomon, Dr. Scott Steffensen
Role Of Ros (Reactive Oxygen Species) On Cocaine-Induced Da Release In The Nac, Jacqueline Solomon, Dr. Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Cocaine as a stimulant drug causes Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter, to be released in the Accumbens Nucleus (NAc). It accomplishes this by its well-known actions on the DA transporter (DAT). When the DAT is blocked, more DA stays in the synaptic cleft, leading to rewarding and pleasurable sensations. While in the synaptic cleft, DA undergoes excessive oxidation, giving rise to oxidative stress (OS) which causes neural damage. The OS has been shown in damaging the pleasure pathway and makes it so that addictive pathways are formed. In this research study we saw that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Scavengers can eliminate …
Neural Mechanisms: Nicotine And Alcohol Co-Dependence, Jordan Spencer, Dr. Scott Steffensen
Neural Mechanisms: Nicotine And Alcohol Co-Dependence, Jordan Spencer, Dr. Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Alcohol abuse is prevalent in today’s society, causing an economic burden to the US of several hundred billions of dollars annually in direct costs alone. Several reports have estimated that 80% of those with a dependence on alcohol are also smokers. While smoking rates in the general population have decreased in recent decades, the use of NIC has remained high (approximately 70-75%) in individuals who regularly use alcohol. Often taken in concert, the use of tobacco and alcohol are leading causes of preventable death in the United States. In addition, there is strong evidence of co-dependence – individuals who smoke …
The Impact Of Exercise On Memory: A Neurological Investigation Of The Recommendations Made By The American Heart Association, Seth Spencer, Dr. C Brock Kirwan
The Impact Of Exercise On Memory: A Neurological Investigation Of The Recommendations Made By The American Heart Association, Seth Spencer, Dr. C Brock Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Many studies have shown a correlation between physical exercise and healthy cognitive processing. It has been shown extensively that regular exercise has a positive impact on brain health. One example is a study that linked increased exercise with greater performance on as shown via a Stroop Color-Word test [1]. Similarly, regular exercise has been shown to be related to improved memory and object recognition [2]. Another study has shown that even a single session of exercise can alter functional connectivity in the brain as measured by the resting-state fMRI [3]. The problem with this literature is an utter lack of …
The Role Of Α6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors On Dopamine Release, Michaela Squire, Dr. Scott Steffensen
The Role Of Α6 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors On Dopamine Release, Michaela Squire, Dr. Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
With today’s society’s alcohol abuse, there has been a large economic burden of several hundred billion dollars annually. In addition, 80% of those who are dependent on alcohol are also smokers, and the use of nicotine has remained relatively high in those who use alcohol, displaying the co-dependence of nicotine and alcohol. Due to the high percentage of apparent co-dependence of nicotine and ethanol (EtOH), it has been theorized that the addictive nature of these drugs may act through similar mechanisms, specifically through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on presynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. The purpose of this project was to …
Gains And Losses, Cassie Widdison, Dr. Christopher Kirwan
Gains And Losses, Cassie Widdison, Dr. Christopher Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Regions of the brain, such as the medial temporal lobe (MTL), including the hippocampus and the adjacent MTL cortex, facilitate recognition memory performance (Squire, Stark, & Clark, 2004). The hippocampus is known for its ability to encode and retrieve memories through two processes called pattern separation and pattern completion (Mcclelland, Mcnaughton, & Oreilly, 1995). Pattern separation is a computational process in which the memory representations of similar stimuli are made as dissimilar as possible. This allows one to recall differences between old stimuli and similar, but novel stimuli. Pattern completion is a computational process where a memory representation is retrieved …
Psychological Predictors Of Injury In Marathon Runners, Dallin Christensen, Ben Ogles
Psychological Predictors Of Injury In Marathon Runners, Dallin Christensen, Ben Ogles
Journal of Undergraduate Research
While training for and participation in marathons provides substantial health benefits, there is also a high incidence of musculoskeletal injury in marathon runners. Previous research has identified correlation between various cognitive running strategies and running related injury. In particular, association, which is exemplified when runners focus on and maintain awareness of their body and physical factors crucial to performance, has been shown to predict injury (Masters and Ogles). Dissociation is employed when a runner diverts attention away from their body and physical feedback to anything external to themselves. While dissociation was originally hypothesized to increase injury risk, previous research suggests …
Neural Mechanisms Of Inhibitory Control: Predictors Of Eating Behavior In Obesity, Kaylie Carbine, Michael Larson
Neural Mechanisms Of Inhibitory Control: Predictors Of Eating Behavior In Obesity, Kaylie Carbine, Michael Larson
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Obesity is a prominent public health concern associated with increased risk of high blood pressure, chronic diseases, and mortality (National Institutes of Health, 2011). Understanding the neural underpinnings of obesity may prove beneficial for effective weight control interventions. Specifically, decreased ability to inhibit responses toward food-related cues may be associated with impulsive eating and subsequent weight gain (Batterink, Yokum, & Strice, 2010). Response inhibition is defined as one’s ability to withhold a prominent response in order to correctly respond to environmental or taskrelevant information (Ko & Miller, 2013). Weight and inhibitory control are negatively correlated, indicating that individuals with reduced …
P300 Latency In Alzheimer’S Disease: A Meta-Analysis And Meta-Regression, David Payne Bennett, Dawson Hedges
P300 Latency In Alzheimer’S Disease: A Meta-Analysis And Meta-Regression, David Payne Bennett, Dawson Hedges
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Developing a biomarker for accurate assessment and detection of Alzheimer’s disease was the goal of our research. The P300 component of the event-‐related potential has been indicated to apparently change with the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. As measuring the P300 is non-‐invasive and relatively easy, we sought to investigate abnormalities in the latency of the P300 in probable Alzheimer’s disease compared to healthy controls. Should such abnormalities be present, they would constitute a strong foundation for clinically significant biomarkers.
Adaptation Of D2 Dopamine Receptors Following Acute Ethanol, Brian Behnke, Scott Steffensen
Adaptation Of D2 Dopamine Receptors Following Acute Ethanol, Brian Behnke, Scott Steffensen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The purpose of my experiment was To study the effects that ethanol (EtOH) has on the D2 receptors (D2R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), in order to determine if D2 is a key contributor to an alcohol addictive state.
Memory Processes In Autism, Storm Atwood, Dr. C Brock Kirwan
Memory Processes In Autism, Storm Atwood, Dr. C Brock Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
The prevalence of autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder impairing social interaction, communication, and behavior, has risen from 1 in 110 affected to 1 in 88 affected (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). The rise in prevalence of autism has increased the awareness of autism and increased the desire and need for more research. In general, it has been found that memory performance remains largely unchanged in autism. For example, a recent study on recognition memory in autism found that there was no difference in the ability of an autistic participant versus a control participant in identifying whether a stimulus was old or …
The Effects Of Genes On The Stress Response, S. Andrew Aston
The Effects Of Genes On The Stress Response, S. Andrew Aston
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts as one of the primary coordinators of the physiological, behavioral, and autonomic stress response. CRH secreted from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus initiates the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis response by signaling the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary. ACTH then travels to the adrenal glands, leading to the release of cortisol Thus, CRH plays a key role in preparing an individual to adaptively respond to a stressful situation.
The Neural Correlates Of Anxiety, Learning And Memory In Autism, C. Brock Kirwan
The Neural Correlates Of Anxiety, Learning And Memory In Autism, C. Brock Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Autism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social communication as well as substantial behavioral rigidity. Autism often has a devastating impact on the wellbeing of affected individuals and their families, as well as in community settings such as schools and health care systems. Recent research suggests that some aspects of learning and memory are impaired in autism, but the exact pattern of impaired and spared functions remains unclear. This sponsored MEG project used cross-disciplinary methods to address two main aims: 1) the relationship between anxiety and associative learning and 2) the impact of autism on long-term declarative memory …
Development Of Student Research Resources And Training Material For Functional And Structural Mri-Based Research At Byu, Neal K. Bangerter, Erin Bigler, Brock Kirwan
Development Of Student Research Resources And Training Material For Functional And Structural Mri-Based Research At Byu, Neal K. Bangerter, Erin Bigler, Brock Kirwan
Journal of Undergraduate Research
This project was aimed at providing in-depth training and mentoring for a small group of students to address the large anticipated demand for accessible research and training resources at BYU’s new MRI Research Facility. The facility opened summer of 2013, and demand has been steadily increasing by groups across campus interested in doing research using the BYU MRI machine. The resources and mentoring environment that was established with funds from this MEG have laid the groundwork for an explosion of student mentoring that is taking place at the MRI facility.
Return With Trauma: Understanding The Experiences Of Early Returned Missionaries, Kristine J. Doty, S. Zachary Bullock, Harmony Packer, Russell T. Warner, James Westwood, Thomas Ash, Heather Hirsch
Return With Trauma: Understanding The Experiences Of Early Returned Missionaries, Kristine J. Doty, S. Zachary Bullock, Harmony Packer, Russell T. Warner, James Westwood, Thomas Ash, Heather Hirsch
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.
Scrupulosity: Practical Treatment Considerations Drawn From Clinical And Ecclesiastical Experiences With Latter-Day Saint Persons Struggling With Religiously-Oriented Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Kyle N. Weir, Mandy Greaves, Christopher Kelm, Rahul Ragu, Rick Denno
Scrupulosity: Practical Treatment Considerations Drawn From Clinical And Ecclesiastical Experiences With Latter-Day Saint Persons Struggling With Religiously-Oriented Obsessive Compulsive Disorders, Kyle N. Weir, Mandy Greaves, Christopher Kelm, Rahul Ragu, Rick Denno
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Scrupulosity, a religiously-oriented form of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), is both a clinical matter for treatment and can be an ecclesiastical concern for members, therapists, and priesthood leaders of the Church of Jesus Christ of Later-day Saints. Just as some people of all faiths suffer from scrupulosity, Latter-day Saints (LDS) persons are not immune. This article addresses the issues pertaining to scrupulosity and provides practical treatment considerations for working with LDS persons struggling with scrupulosity from both a clinical and ecclesiastical perspective. A treatment approach, including consultation with priesthood leaders, is outlined.
Religious Acculturation And Spirituality In Latter-Day Saint Committed Converts, Kristin L. Hansen, Laurie Page, Lane Fischer, Marleen Williams
Religious Acculturation And Spirituality In Latter-Day Saint Committed Converts, Kristin L. Hansen, Laurie Page, Lane Fischer, Marleen Williams
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
This study examines religious acculturation and spirituality in committed Latter-day Saint (LDS) converts living in Utah. We conducted a qualitative analysis using interviews from a sample of 20 North American and 20 International Latter-day Saint converts attending or working at Brigham Young University (BYU)—a western LDS private university—of varying age, time since baptism, and country of origin. Of the 40 converts, 39 were classified as committed in their LDS religious affiliation using Henri Gooren’s (2007) Conversion Career Model. Based on our analysis of the interviews, several pertinent themes emerged: converts (1) recognize and choose to acculturate; (2) report positive changes …
Robert Frost's "Mending Wall" As An Allegory Of Tolerance: Understanding, Acceptance, And Invitation, Kristina Hansen
Robert Frost's "Mending Wall" As An Allegory Of Tolerance: Understanding, Acceptance, And Invitation, Kristina Hansen
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Lane Fischer’s discussion of the nature of law in Turning Freud Upside Down (2005) describes tolerance as the combination of understanding, acceptance, and invitation to do better. This conceptualization of tolerance is equated to love for the other. The poem “Mending Wall” by Robert Frost is analyzed as an allegory of tolerance so defined.
Value Conflicts In Psychotherapy, Aaron P. Jackson, Jamie Hansen, Juliann M. Cook-Ly
Value Conflicts In Psychotherapy, Aaron P. Jackson, Jamie Hansen, Juliann M. Cook-Ly
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy has historically been viewed as value neutral; however, over the last half-century, developments have led many scholars to conclude that we can no longer dismiss the role of values in therapy. Our position is that therapists and clients will inevitably encounter value conflicts during the course of psychotherapy. This article postulates how such conflicts can be addressed so as to preserve and promote the integrity and well-being of both client and clinician. We review challenges to value neutrality and summarize ethical considerations. We discuss strategies to manage values in psychotherapy and conclude by recommending areas for consideration in professional …
Longitudinal Course Of Female Eating Disorder Risk At Brigham Young University, Lane Fischer, Jacob Fischer, Lanae Valentine, Erin Winters, Joy Wiechmann, Karen Gochnour, Kristina Hansen, Maren Kanekoa
Longitudinal Course Of Female Eating Disorder Risk At Brigham Young University, Lane Fischer, Jacob Fischer, Lanae Valentine, Erin Winters, Joy Wiechmann, Karen Gochnour, Kristina Hansen, Maren Kanekoa
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Three cohorts of entering freshman women were assessed over the course of four years at Brigham Young University (BYU). The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were administered at the beginning of each fall and winter semester. Results showed (a) steadily decreasing average levels of eating disorder risk and body shape dissatisfaction over time, which was mirrored in each cohort; (b) significantly lower eating disorder risk than other college samples; (c) a typically high percentage of women with clinically significant body shape dissatisfaction; (d) significant correlation between the EAT-26 and the BSQ; and (e) notable subgroups …
Critical Thinking In Applied Psychology: Toward An Edifying View Of Critial Thinking In Applied Psychology, Aaron Jackson, Steve Yanchar, Kristin L. Hansen, Jamie Hansen
Critical Thinking In Applied Psychology: Toward An Edifying View Of Critial Thinking In Applied Psychology, Aaron Jackson, Steve Yanchar, Kristin L. Hansen, Jamie Hansen
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
A gospel-centered approach to critical thinking that can facilitate psychotherapeutic work and be edifying to faithful counselors and clients would be very beneficial. This article examines what a defensible approach to gospel-centered critical thinking about psychotherapy would look like, how it would differ from secular scholarly disciplines and practices, and whether it should differ at all. Because all critical thinking strategies are framed by a theoretical background of assumptions and values and because not all assumptions and values are true or useful, approaches to critical thinking must be carefully examined by those who would employ them. Latter-day Saint counselors and …
A Matter Of Perspective, Kristin L. Hansen
A Matter Of Perspective, Kristin L. Hansen
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.
Meditation, Christian Values And Psychotherapy, Kristin L. Hansen, Dianne Nielsen, Mitchell Harris
Meditation, Christian Values And Psychotherapy, Kristin L. Hansen, Dianne Nielsen, Mitchell Harris
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
In recent decades meditation has been studied in the psychotherapy literature and incorporated into psychotherapy treatments (see Walsh & Shapiro, 2006, for review). As therapists who find meditation compatible with our Christian-based treatment approach, we have struggled to describe the integration of meditation and psychotherapy. In this article we first describe what meditation is, then consider its mechanisms of change, use in therapy or as a complement to therapy, and utility for therapists. The authors believe, consistent with Richards and Bergin’s (1997) view, that meditation is a spiritual intervention that can be used in theistically framed therapy. Ongoing research continues …
Issues In Religion And Psychotherapy, Volume 32, Issue 1, 2008, Issues In Religion And Psychotherapy
Issues In Religion And Psychotherapy, Volume 32, Issue 1, 2008, Issues In Religion And Psychotherapy
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.
From The Individual To Individualism: A Critique Of The Helping Professions, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew R. Draper
From The Individual To Individualism: A Critique Of The Helping Professions, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew R. Draper
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Individualistic values characterize contemporary society and many popular approaches to mental health treatment. This paper critiques the individualistic values embedded in the helping professions that implicity contradict the teachings of Jesus Christ, the surest foundation for mental health interventions. Members of AMCAP are encouraged to search out and replace problematic values that contradict gospel teachings which have been integrated into contemporary mental health practice.
The Role Of Amcap And The Amcap Journal: Past, Present And Future: A Conversation With Burton C. Kelly, Phd, Carrie M. Wrigley
The Role Of Amcap And The Amcap Journal: Past, Present And Future: A Conversation With Burton C. Kelly, Phd, Carrie M. Wrigley
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
Burton C. Kelly, PhD, has been one of AMCAP's most faithful and fruitful contributors since its earliest years. He served from 1977-1978 as AMCAP's third President, and from 1982- 1987, as Journal Editor, during the journal's most prolific season to date. He has also served in a number of leadership capacities in other professional organizations. He earned a PhD in Human Development and Psychology from the University of Chicago and has served in many Church capacities over the years, including Bishop and Stake Mission President, and has served four full-time missions. Dr. Kelly retired ten years ago from BYU after …
"Spiritual Roots Of Ethical Marital Therapy", Wendy Watson Nelson
"Spiritual Roots Of Ethical Marital Therapy", Wendy Watson Nelson
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.
Beyond The Study Of The Natural Man: A Gospel Perspective On Human Nature, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew Draper
Beyond The Study Of The Natural Man: A Gospel Perspective On Human Nature, Timothy B. Smith, Matthew Draper
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.
On The Cross-Cultural Attitudes And Experiences Of Recently Returned Lds Missionaries, Timothy B. Smith, Richard N. Roberts, Burton Kerr
On The Cross-Cultural Attitudes And Experiences Of Recently Returned Lds Missionaries, Timothy B. Smith, Richard N. Roberts, Burton Kerr
Issues in Religion and Psychotherapy
No abstract provided.