Digital Commons Network^™

Managing Pasture Growth And Quality With Grazing, S. Ray Smith

Kentucky Grazing Conference

One of the keys to profitable livestock production is to minimize the costs of producing a marketable animal or animal product. Feed costs are commonly 70-80 percent of the cost of growing or maintaining an animal. Pastures provide feed at a cost of .01-.02 cents/lb of TDN while hay costs .04-.06 cents/lb TDN. Improved pasture management offers the single greatest opportunity to lower production costs, assuming that animal genetics, health, marketing procedures, and other areas of management have been addressed. A primary goal of livestock producers should be to utilize grazed forage for as many months of the year as …

Everyday Cattle Graze Is Money Saved, Garry D. Lacefield

Kentucky Grazing Conference

During one of my first visits to New Zealand over twenty years ago, I had the opportunity to visit many different dairy, beef, sheep and deer farms. While visiting a dairy farm, I remember the farmer telling me about his grazing program and their goal to “optimize grazing and minimize stored feed.” I remember him saying, “everyday grazed is money saved”. I admit, the reality of that statement didn’t truly sink in that day; but over the years, the truth of what he said has not only “sunk in” but has been reinforced by visits to other farms literally around …

Bermudagrass In Kentucky, David C. Ditsch

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Interest in bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] is increasing in Kentucky as livestock producers continue their search for warm-season perennial forages capable of filling in the mid-summer growth slump we commonly experience with our traditional cool-season grasses. This is partially due to the recent availability of seeded bermudagrass varieties with improved winter hardiness thereby reducing establishment cost and increasing the odds of success.

Grazing Corn, Chad Lee

Kentucky Grazing Conference

Grazing is the cheapest form of feed for cattle. While perennial grasses and alfalfa are reliable components to a grazing system, another component could be corn.

Grazing corn is an option for a couple of situations: 1) as a bridge crop when pasture renovation is needed, and 2) as an insurance crop in an overall grazing system.

Forages On The Web, Scott Flynn

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Foreword And Kfgc Award Winners [2006], Garry D. Lacefield, Christi L. Forsythe

Kentucky Grazing Conference

No abstract provided.

Nuclec Acds Encoding Pseudomonas Hop Proteins And Use Thereof, Alan Collmer, James R. Alfano, Xiaoyan Tang, C. Robin Buell, Gregory B. Martin

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The present invention relates to isolated nucleic acid mol ecules encoding a type III—secreted bacterial protein capable of modifying a cell death pathway in a plant cell. One aspect of the present invention involves an isolated nucleic acid molecule having a nucleotide sequence that encodes the HopPtol)2 protein of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae DC 3000. Expression vectors, host cells, and transgenic plants which include the DNA molecules of the present invention are also disclosed. The nucleic acid mol ecules of the present invention can be used to impart disease resistance to a plant and to make a plant hypersusceptible to …

Comptonia Peregrina (L.) J.M. Coult., Gordon C. Tucker

Specimens by Name

No abstract provided.

The Circuitous Path To The Comparison Of Simulated Values From Crop Models With Field Observations, Albert Weiss, Wally Wilhelm

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge has been a fixture in dissemination of crop simulation models and the concepts and data upon which they are built since the inception of computers and computer modeling in the mid-20th century. To quantify the performance of a crop simulation model, model outputs are compared with observed values using statistical measures of bias, i.e. the difference between simulated and observed values. While applying these statistical measures is unambiguous for the experienced user, the same cannot always be said of determining the observed or simulated values. For example, differences in accessing crop development can be …

Whole-Genome Expression Profiling Defines The Hrpl Regulon Of Pseudomonas Syringae Pv. Tomato Dc3000, Allows De Novo Reconstruction Of The Hrp Cis Element, And Identifies Novel Coregulated Genes, Adriana O. Ferreira, Christopher R. Myers, Jeffrey S. Gordon, Gregory B. Martin, Monica Vencato, Alan Collmer, Misty D. Wehling, James R. Alfano, Gabriel Moreno-Hagelsieb, Warren F. Lamboy, Geneviene Declerck, David J. Schneider, Samuel W. Cartinhour

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 is a model pathogen of tomato and Arabidopsis that uses a hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (Hrp) type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effector proteins into host cells. Expression of the Hrp system and many effector genes is activated by the HrpL alternative sigma factor. Here, an open reading frame-specific whole-genome microarray was constructed for DC3000 and used to comprehensively identify genes that are differentially expressed in wild-type and ΔhrpL strains. Among the genes whose differential regulation was statistically significant, 119 were upregulated and 76 were downregulated in the wild-type compared with the ΔhrpL …

University Research Program Sees Drop In Funding, Zach Pluhacek

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

A program headquartered at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln that uses science to assist economically stressed nations will receive $9 million throughout five years through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Agency for International Development.

The agreement, announced Friday morning by the UNL Office of Research and Graduate Studies, will significantly decrease the annual funding the International Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program, or INTSORMIL, has received in recent years.

Sorghum Flour In The El Salvador Baking Industry, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

The El Salvador baking industry is dependent on imported wheat which results in a loss of valuable foreign exchange. In response, CENTA (Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria y Forestal) scientists with support from INTSORMIL have produced sorghum varieties which have the physical and chemical qualities making them suitable for flour which can be used as a partial substitute for wheat flour in the baking industry, thus decreasing the cost of baked goods. CENTA food technician, Fidelia Herrera pioneered the use of sorghum flour in El Salvador and began helping village bakers utilize sorghum flour back in the 70’s.

To test …

Harina De Sorgo En La Industria Panificadora De El Salvador, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

La industria panificadora de El Salvador depende de las importaciones de trigo, lo cual ocasiona una pérdida considerable de divisas. En respuesta a esto, los investigadores del Centro Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria y Forestal (CENTA) con ayuda del INTSORMIL han venido produciendo variedades de sorgo con cualidades físicas y químicas adecuadas para sustituir parcialmente la harina de trigo, reduciendo de esta manera los costos de producción de las panaderías. La Señora Fidelia Herrera, técnologa del CENTA fue la primera en tomar el liderazgo sobre la necesidad del uso de la harina de sorgo en El Salvador, al ayudar durante los …

Grazing Management Effects On Sediment And Phosphorus In Surface Runoff, Matthew M. Haan, James R. Russell, Wendy J. Powers, John L. Kovar, Jamie L. Benning

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Sediment and phosphorus (P) in runoff from pastures are potential non–point-source pollutants in surface waters that may be influenced by surface cover, sward height, treading damage, surface slope, soil moisture, and soil P. The objectives of the current study were to quantify sediment and total P loads in runoff produced during simulated rainfall from pastures and to evaluate their relationships with the physical and chemical characteristics of the soil and sward. Five forage management treatments— ungrazed (U), hay harvest/fall stockpile grazing (HS), continuous stocking to a sward height of 5 cm (5C), and rotational stocking to sward heights of 5 …

Convergence Of Agriculture And Energy: Implications For Research And Policy, Kenneth Cassman, Vernon Eidman, Eugene Simpson, Larry Berger, Robert Loomis, Marie Walsh, Todd A. Peterson, Edward Runge

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Access to an adequate energy supply at reasonable cost is crucial for sustained economic growth. Unfortunately, oil prices and the need to import from politically unstable countries lowers the reliability of the U.S. energy supply and hinders economic development. Although biofuels have been identified as an important component of the national strategy to decrease U.S. dependence on imported oil, the ability to sustain a rapid expansion of biofuel production capacity raises new research and policy issues. This document seeks to identify the most critical of these issues to help inform the policy development process. The goal is to enhance the …

Sp307-K-Pruning Neglected Fruit Trees, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Home Garden, Lawn, and Landscape

When trees have not been properly pruned and trained, fruit yields and quality may decline. As trees grow taller and more dense, lower limbs and interior limbs lose their ability to produce quality fruit, due to increased shading. Many of these weakened limbs will die. Over time, most fruit will be produced in the outer periphery of the tree, primarily in the top, as this is the only area exposed to adequate sunlight.

These trees often can be pruned back and restored to a point where quality fruit may be obtained once again. It may require several years to restore …

Hydrologic Properties Of Pervious Concrete, Joe D. Luck, Stephen R. Workman, Stephen F. Higgins, Mark S. Coyne

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Pervious concrete is concrete made by eliminating most or all of the fine aggregate (sand) in the concrete mix, which allows interconnected void spaces to be formed in the hardened product. These interconnected void spaces allow the concrete to transmit water at relatively high rates. The main objective of this project was to conduct research on the potential application of pervious concrete in agricultural settings, specifically for use in animal feed lots, manure storage pads, animal manure and bedding compost facilities, or floor systems in animal buildings. Laboratory tests were conducted on replicated samples of pervious concrete formed from two …

Influence Of Resource Pulses And Perennial Neighbors On The Establishment Of An Invasive Annual Grass In The Mojave Desert, Rebecca E. Drenovsky, J. J. James, M. A. Caird, R. L. Sheley

Biology

Invasion by exotic annual grasses is one of the most significant threats to arid ecosystems in the western USA. Current theories of invasibility predict plant communities become more susceptible to invasion whenever there is an increase in the amount of unused resources. The objective of this field study was to examine how resource pulses and temporal variation in resource demand by the native shrub vegetation influences establishment of the invasive annual grass Schismus arabicus. Water and nitrogen were applied as pulses in early spring, mid-spring, or continuously throughout the growing season to plots containing either Atriplex confertifolia or Atriplex …

Forage News [2006-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• Kentucky Grazing Conference in Lexington, November 21
• Cash Receipts Highlights – 2005
• Loss of a Legend
• Hay Is in the Barn…
• New Executive Secretary for AFGC
• Alfalfa’s Makeover
• Effect of Sericea Lespedeza Hay on Gastrointestinal Nematode Infection in Goats
• Upcoming Events

Comparison Of Heat Tolerance Of Feedlot Heifers Of Different Breeds, T. M. Brown-Brandl, J. A. Nienaber, Roger A. Eigenberg, Terry L. Mader, J. L. Morrow, J. W. Dailey

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake and feed efficiency; in extreme cases, it can cause death. These losses amount to millions of dollars each year. A study was designed to determine severity of heat stress among four breeds of cattle. Throughout two summers, 256 feedlot heifers of four different breeds were observed. Respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures were taken twice each day on 10 animals/breed for several weeks during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Twenty-four-hour behavior measurements were recorded for four heat-stress and four thermoneutral days. Results showed during the afternoon, Angus cattle (black) …

Heat Stress Risk Factors Of Feedlot Heifers, T. M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, J. A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle results in millions of dollars in lost revenue each year due to production losses, and in extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/ breed/ year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/ breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were …

Heat Stress Risk Factors Of Feedlot Heifers, Tami M. Brown-Brandl, Roger A. Eigenberg, John A. Nienaber

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Heat stress in cattle results in millions of dollars in lost revenue each year due to production losses, and in extreme cases, death. Death losses are more likely to result from animals vulnerable to heat stress. A study was conducted to determine risk factors for heat stress in feedlot heifers. Over two consecutive summers, a total of 256 feedlot heifers (32/ breed/ year) of four breeds were observed. As a measure of stress, respiration rates and panting scores were taken twice daily (morning and afternoon) on a random sample of 10 heifers/ breed. Weights, condition scores, and temperament scores were …

Microbial Content Of Abattoir Wastewater And Its Contaminated Soil In Lagos, Nigeria, A. O. Adesemoye, B. O. Opere, S. C. O. Makinde

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Microbial content of wastewater in two abattoirs and the impact on microbial population of receiving soil was studied in Agege and Ojo Local Government Areas in Lagos State, Nigeria. Wastewater samples were collected from each of the abattoirs over three months period and examined for microbial content. Soil samples contaminated with the wastewaters were also collected and analyzed for microbial content as compared to soil without wastewater contamination in the neighborhood (control). Some physico-chemical parameters of the samples such as total dissolved solid, chemical oxygen demand, etc., were examined. The wastewater samples from both abattoirs were highly contaminated; Agege abattoir …

). Clonal Micropropagation Of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn)., Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

Genetic Characterization And Diversity Of Rathayibacter Toxicus, Irina V. Agarkova, A. K. Vidaver, E. N. Postnikova, I. T. Riley, N. W. Schaad

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Rathayibacter toxicus is a nematode-vectored gram-positive bacterium responsible for a gumming disease of grasses and production of a highly potent animal and human toxin that is often fatal to livestock and has a history of occurring in unexpected circumstances. DNA of 22 strains of R. toxicus from Australia were characterized using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). AFLP analysis grouped the 22 strains into three genetic clusters that correspond to their geographic origin. The mean similarity between the three clusters was 85 to 86%. PFGE analysis generated three different banding patterns that enabled typing the strains …

Emended Classification Of Xanthomonad Pathogens On Citrus, Norman W. Schaad, Elena Postnikova, George Lacy, Aaron Sechler, Irina V. Agarkova, Paul E. Stromberg, Verlyn K. Stromberg, Anne K. Vidaver

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

In the paper by Schaad et al. [24] on reclassification of several xanthomonads, nomenclatural errors were made. The name Xanthomonas smithii subsp. citri proposed for the former taxon X. campestris pv. citri ( = X. axonopodis pv. citri) is illegitimate. Following the reinstatement of X. citri (ex Hasse 1915) Gabriel et al. [9] as a validly published name, Young et al. [34] wrote that the reinstatement of this epithet was based on a description that was inadequate in terms of modern practice for the purpose of formal classification. This report was subsequently summarized by the International Committee on …

Panadería “Pan Rey,” El Salvador Prueba Harina De Sorgo, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pan Rey, una panadería grande y comercializada en Quezaltepeque, El Salvador C. A. viene experimentando con la harina de sorgo como substituto de la harina de trigo, y en colaboración con el Laboratorio de Tecnología de Alimentos del CENTA (Centro Nacional de Tecnología agropecuaria) con el fín de promover el uso de la harina de sorgo en las panaderías grandes. Muchas de las panaderías pequeñas del sector rural, como la panadería de Clemencia Barrera en San Rafael Cedros, El Salvador (ver Reporte No.5 de INTSORMIL), han substituido la harina de trigo por la de sorgo durante muchos años. Sin embargo, …

Pan Rey Bakery, El Salvador Tests Sorghum Flour, Intsormil

INTSORMIL Impacts and Bulletins

Pan Rey, the “Bread King,” a large commercial bakery located at Quezaltepeque, El Salvador is testing sorghum flour as a substitute for wheat. The Pan Rey Bakery collaborates with the CENTA Food Technology Laboratory in a project to promote the use of sorghum flour in large bakeries. Many small, village level bakeries, such as the bakery of Clemencia Barrera in San Rafael Cedro, El Salvador (see INTSORMIL Report No. 5), have been using sorghum flour as a substitute for wheat for many years. However, use of sorghum flour on a large scale in the big commercial bakeries, such as Pan …

Forage News [2006-10], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• KFGC Field Day Huge Success in Spite of 4” of Rain
• Roundup Ready Grazing Tolerant Alfalfa: Application for Kentucky
• 26 Roundup Ready Alfalfa Varieties
• Hay Export Markets May Benefit All Growers
• Prevent Machinery Fires
• Ethanol Growth Challenges Hay Markets
• Hay Production Up
• Upcoming Events

Pb1766 Saving Trees And Making Money In Residential Development, The University Of Tennessee Agricultural Extension Service

Forestry, Trees, and Timber

It’s a common sight in developments that are 3 – 5 years old. A homeowner had initially purchased a property for its wooded and natural aesthetic appeal and thinks he or she has succeeded in preserving this beauty. When the home is finished and the nearby trees still cast shade, the owner considers the trees to be past the critical stage. It isn’t until after the interior is furnished and the lawn is established that the homeowner soon notices he or she is picking up a few more fallen branches in the yard than is customary. Eventually, the owner looks …