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The Plant Structure Ontology, A Unified Vocabulary Of Anatomy And Morphology Of A Flowering Plant, Katica Ilic, Elizabeth A. Kellogg, Pankaj Jaiswal, Felipe Zapata, Peter F. Stevens, Leszek P. Vincent, Shulamit Avraham, Leonore Reiser, Anuradha Pujar, Martin M. Sachs, Noah T. Whitman, Susan R. Mccouch, Mary L. Schaeffer, Doreen H. Ware, Lincoln D. Stein, Seung Y. Rhee

Peter Stevens

). Clonal Micropropagation Of Indian Gooseberry (Emblica Officinalis Gaertn)., Rajesh Pati

Rajesh Pati

No abstract provided.

Implicating An Introduced Generalist Parasitoid In The Invasive Browntail Moth's Enigmatic Demise, Joseph Elkinton, D. Parry, G. Boettner

Joseph Elkinton

Recent attention has focused on the harmful effects of introduced biological control agents on nontarget species. The parasitoid Compsilura concinnata is a notable example of such biological control gone wrong. Introduced in 1906 primarily for control of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, this tachinid fly now attacks more than 180 species of native Lepidoptera in North America. While it did not prevent outbreaks or spread of gypsy moth, we present reanalyzed historical data and experimental findings suggesting that parasitism by C. concinnata is the cause of the enigmatic near-extirpation of another of North America's most successful invaders, the browntail moth (Euproctis …

The Elimination Of Madagascar’S Vanilla Marketing Board, Ten Years On, Laure C. Dutoit, Olivier Cadot, Jaime De Melo

Olivier Cadot

This paper explores how the elimination of Madagascar’s Vanilla Marketing Board (VMB) in 1993 affected prices paid to farmers, incentives, and regional indicators of poverty and inequality. After steadily losing market share, Madagascar has been able to regain some of the lost ground since the mid-1990s. Margins between FOB and farmgate prices have narrowed down and analysis of changes in poverty and inequality suggests some positive impact in regions where vanilla is grown, though it is difficult to control for other intervening factors. A counterfactual analysis based on a model of Cournot competition between vanilla traders suggests that whatever limited …

Carbon Sequestration In Dryland Soils And Plant Residue As Influenced By Tillage And Crop Rotation, Andrew W. Lenssen, Upendra M. Sainju, Thecan Caesar-Thonthat, Jed Waddell

Andrew W. Lenssen

Long-term use of conventional tillage and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–fallow systems in the northern Great Plains have resulted in low soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (CW), spring wheat–fallow (W–F), spring wheat–lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W–L), spring wheat–spring wheat–fallow (W–W–F), and spring wheat–pea (Pisum sativum L.)–fallow (W–P–F)], and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) planting on plant C input, SOC, and particulate organic carbon (POC). A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, Aridic Argiborolls) and Kevin …

Cropping Sequence And Tillage System Influences Annual Crop Production And Water Use In Semiarid Montana, Usa, Andrew W. Lenssen, G. D. Johnson, G. R. Carlson

Andrew W. Lenssen

Available water is typically the biggest constraint to spring wheat production in the northern Great Plains of the USA. The most common rotation for spring wheat is with summer fallow, which is used to accrue additional soil moisture. Tillage during fallow periods controls weeds, which otherwise would use substantial amounts of water, decreasing the efficiency of fallow. Chemical fallow and zero tillage systems improve soil water conservation, allowing for increased cropping intensity. We conducted a field trial from 1998 through 2003 comparing productivity and water use of crops in nine rotations under two tillage systems, conventional and no-till. All rotations …

The Shoot-Specific Expression Of Γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase Directs The Long-Distance Transport Of Thiol-Peptides To Roots Conferring Tolerance To Mercury And Arsenic, Yujing Li, Om Parkash, Laura Carreira, Aaron Smith, Richard Meagher

Om Parkash

Thiol-peptides synthesized as intermediates in phytochelatin (PC) biosynthesis confer cellular tolerance to toxic elements like arsenic, mercury, and cadmium, but little is known about their long-distance transport between plant organs. A modified bacterial γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (ECS) gene, S1pt∷ECS, was expressed in the shoots of the ECS-deficient, heavy-metal-sensitive cad2-1 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). S1pt∷ECS directed strong ECS protein expression in the shoots, but no ECS was detected in the roots of transgenic plant lines. The S1pt∷ECS gene restored full mercury tolerance and partial cadmium tolerance to the mutant and enhanced arsenate tolerance significantly beyond wild-type levels. After arsenic treatment, the …

Conference Keynoter Defends Practices Buried In New England’S Agricultural History, Plans For Future, Madeleine K. Charney

Madeleine K. Charney

Brian Donahue, environmental historian, debunks the myths of early New England farming practices.

Tillage And Crop Rotation Effects On Dryland Soil And Residue Carbon And Nitrogen, Upendra M. Sainju, Andrew W. Lenssen, Thecan Caesar-Tonthat, Jed Waddell

Andrew W. Lenssen

Sustainable management practices are needed to enhance soil productivity in degraded dryland soils in the northern Great Plains. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), spring wheat-fallow (W-F), spring wheat-lentil (Lens culinaris Medic.) (W-L), spring wheat-spring wheat-fallow (W-W-F), and spring wheat-pea (Pisum sativum L.)-fallow (W-P-F)], and a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on plant biomass returned to the soil, residue C and N, and soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), and particulate organic C and N (POC and PON) at the 0- …

Molecular Phylogenetics Of Vandeae (Orchidaceae) And The Evolution Of Leaflessness, Barbara S. Carlsward, W. Mark Whitten, Norris H. Williams, Benny Bytebier

Barbara S. Carlsward

Members of tribe Vandeae (Orchidaceae) form a large, antropical clade of horticulturally important epiphytes. Monopodial leafless members of Vandeae have undergone extreme eduction in habit and represent a novel adaptation to the canopy environment in tropical Africa, Asia, and America. To study the evolution of monopodial leaflessness, molecular and structural evidence was used to generate phylogenetic hypotheses for Vandeae. Molecular analyses used sequence data from ITS nrDNA, trnL-F plastid DNA, and matK plastid DNA. Maximum parsimony analyses of these three DNA regions each supported two subtribes within monopodial Vandeae: Aeridinae and a combined Angraecinae þ Aerangidinae. Adding structural characters to …

Fungal Spore Dispersal By The Eastern Box Turtle (Terrapene Carolina Carolina), S. C. Jones, W. J. Jordan, Scott J. Meiners, A. N. Miller, A. S. Methven

Scott J. Meiners

Although spores from most macrofungi are wind- or water-dispersed, dispersal may also occur via biotic vectors. The Eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) is a facultative mycovore that may play an important role in fungal spore dispersal although, to date, no information exists on fungi occurring in fecal samples of box turtles or on the ecological significance of box turtles as spore dispersal vectors. Consequently, a study of the potential for Eastern box turtles to act as vectors for spore dispersal was initiated by capturing wild turtles and collecting fecal samples. Serial dilutions from fecal samples were made to enumerate …

Variation In Shoot Anatomy And Rooting Behaviour Of Stem Cuttings In Relation To Age Of Donor Plants In Teak (Tectona Grandis Linn. F.), Azamal Husen Dr., Mohinder Pal

Dr. Azamal Husen

No abstract provided.

Incorporating Targeted Grazing Into Farming Systems, Andrew W. Lenssen, Patrick Hatfield, Hayes Goosey, Sue Blodgett

Andrew W. Lenssen

When incorporating targeted grazing into farming systems, livestock producers and farm operators need assurance that the benefits from their activities are worth their investments. This chapter will focus on how integrating grazing, particularly with sheep and goats, into farming systems can offer those benefits. The concepts are not new. Cropping systems were once integrated with livestock production: Livestock gained forage value from crop aftermath, crops were grown to sustain livestock, and livestock were used as implements to produce crops. Today, few cropping systems include livestock. Sheep and goats are traditionally produced on rangelands or pasture forages and supplemented during winter …

Naphthalene Acetic Acid And Apogee Control Growth In The Tops Of Dwarf Apple Trees, Wesley Autio, James Krupa, Jon Clements

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

The Biology Of Invasive Alien Plants In Canada. 5. Polygonum Cuspidatum Sieb. & Zucc. [= Fallopia Japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decr.], Prasanta C. Bhowmik, Antonio Ditommaso, Nishanth Tharayil, Jacob N. Barney

Prasanta C. Bhowmik

Polygonum cuspidatum (Japanese knotweed) is an introduced perennial geophyte in the buckwheat family (Polygonaceae). The phytogeographic distribution of P. cuspidatum in North America suggests a large number of intentional introductions via ornamental plantings from 1870 to 2000, followed by secondary spread from these foci. This species is most pernicious along riparian corridors and road and railroad rights-of-way, reducing visibility, displacing native species, negatively affecting native wildlife, and causing alterations in natural hydrologic processes. Although non-hybrid seed recruitment has not been observed in Europe because of the presence of male-sterile clones only, dispersal of seeds and stem and rhizome fragments by …

Cg.4814, Cg.7707, G.30, And Supporter 4 Versus M.26 Emla And M.7 Emla In The 1999 Nc-140 Semidwarf Apple Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Alternative Fungicides For Management Of Sooty Blotch And Flyspeck, Daniel Cooley, Wesley Autio, Arthur Tuttle, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Chemical Thinning Of Apples Using Ethephon: Another Unsuccessful Year, Wesley Autio, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Several New Dwarfing Rootstocks Compared To Lovell In The 2002 Nc-140 Peach Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

G.16 Versus M.9 In The 1998 Nc-140 Apple Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio, Jon Clements, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Vineland Apple Rootstocks And M.26 Emla In The 1996 Mcintosh Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio, James Krup, Jon Clements

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Do Surfactants Affect Response To Chemical Thinners?, James Krupa, Wesley Autio

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

G.16 Versus M.9 And B.9 In The 2002 Massachusetts-New Jersey Cameo Rootstock Trial, Jon Clements, Wesley Autio

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

New Cg Rootstocks, G.16, And Supporter 1, 2, And 3 Versus M.9 And M.26 Emla In The 1999 Nc-140 Dwarf Apple Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio, Jon Clements, James Krups

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

B.9, M.9, And M.26 Strains And New Polish And Piau Rootstocks In The 2002 Nc-140 Apple Rootstock Trial, Wesley Autio, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Chemical Thinning Of Apples Using Ethephon, Wesley Autio, James Krupa

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Naphthalene Acetic Acid Can Differentially Reduce Growth In The Tops Of Dwarf Apple Trees, Results From 2005, Wesley Autio, James Krupa, Jon Clements

Wesley Autio

No abstract provided.

Mapping Qtl For Dollar Spot Resistance In Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis Stolonifera L.), N. Chakraborty, J. Curley, S. Warnke, M. D. Casler, Geunhwa Jung

Geunhwa Jung

Dollar spot caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett is the most economically important turf disease on golf courses in North America. Dollar spot resistance in a creeping bentgrass cultivar would greatly reduce the frequency, costs, and environmental impacts of fungicide application. Little work has been done to understand the genetics of resistance to dollar spot in creeping bentgrass. Therefore, QTL analysis was used to determine the location, number and eVects of genomic regions associated with dollar spot resistance in the Weld. To meet this objective, Weld inoculations using a single isolate were performed over 2 years and multiple locations …

Ethylene Stimulates Nutations That Are Dependent On The Etr1 Receptor, Brad M. Binder, Ronan C. O'Malley, Wuyi Wang, Tobias C. Zutz, Anthony B. Bleeker

Brad M. Binder

Ethylene influences a number of processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the action of five receptors. In this study, we used high-resolution, time-lapse imaging to examine the long-term effects of ethylene on growing, etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. These measurements revealed that ethylene stimulates nutations of the hypocotyls with an average delay in onset of over 6 h. The nutation response was constitutive in ctr1-2 mutants maintained in air, whereas ein2-1 mutants failed to nutate when treated with ethylene. Ethylene-stimulated nutations were also eliminated in etr1-7 loss-of-function mutants. Transformation of the etr1-7 mutant with a wild-type genomic ETR1 transgene rescued the nutation …

Correlations Among Traits Associated With Herbivore Resistance And Pollination: Implications For Pollination And Nectar Robbing In A Distylous Plant, Rebecca E. Irwin, Lynn Adler

Lynn Adler

Plants interact simultaneously with a diversity of visitors, including herbivores and pollinators. Correlations among traits associated with herbivory and pollination may constrain the degree to which plants can evolve in response to any one interactor. Using the distylous plant, Gelsemium sempervirens, we tested the hypothesis that traits typically associated with pollination (distyly) and herbivore resistance (secondary compounds) were phenotypically correlated and examined how these traits influenced plant interactions with floral visitors. The flowers of G. sempervirens are visited by pollinators and a nectar robber, and the leaves and flowers express gelsemine, an alkaloid that is deterrent and sometimes toxic to …