Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology Commons^™

Water Vapor, William Randel

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Cirrus Clouds And Convection In The Ttl, Leonard Pfister

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Ttl Overview And Radiative Transfer, Andrew Gettelman

U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs

No abstract provided.

Design And Implementation Of An Simulation Of Water Wave Transformation Using Higher Order Mild-Slope Equation, Yuan-Jyh Lan, Tai-Wen Hsu, Ta-Yuan Lin, Shin-Jye Liang

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

A higher-order mild-slope equation (HOMSE) is derived based on theory of Hsu et al. [14]. Depth function is approximated up to third-order accurate in terms of both wave nonlinearity and bottom slope. Classical Galerkin method is used to solve HOMSE. Developed model is verified with a series of benchmark tests, including propagation of a sinusoidal wave past a submerged bar, wave propagating on a sloping bed, wave propagating over an elliptic shoal on a uniform slope, and wave propagating through a semicircular slope bottom, respectively. Computed results are compared with experiment data and prediction of low-order mild-slope equation model as …

Inverting Sediment Sound Speed Profile Using A Parameterized Geoacoustic Model: Numerical And Statistical Analysis, Chen-Fen Huang, Shih-Feng Yang, Jin-Yuan Liu

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The objective of this paper is to develop and evaluate an inversion algorithm for estimating the parameters in a geoacoustic model for a marine sediment layer. The geoacoustic model employs a generalized-exponential function for sound speed profile, and an inverse-square function for density distribution. Based upon plane-wave reflection from a nonuniform sediment layer overlying an elastic seafloor, an inversion procedure is established and numerically implemented for estimating the parameters using synthetic noisecontaminated data. The sensitivity of each model parameter is first studied, and then three highly sensitive parameters in the geoacoustic model and one statistical parameter are chosen for inversion …

Shallow Water Flow Modeling Using Space-Time Least-Squares Finite-Element Method, Shin-Jye Liang, Chiung-Yang Lan, Ying-Chih Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Various aglogrithms of least-squares finite-element methods (LSFEM) for convection-diffusion equation (CDE) and shallow-water equations (SWE) are formulated. The associated condition number of the resulting system of equations is systematically compared. It is found that condition number of the resulting system of equations depends on the choice of variables, interpolations, and size of element (∆x). In general, a better conditioned system is obtained by introducing auxiliary variable with low-order interpolation. The developed better conditioned shallow-water model is used to simulate wave propagation over a submerged bar and wave propagation past an elliptical hump. Computed results are compared with experiment data and …

Electron Loss And Meteoric Dust In The Mesosphere, M. Friedrich, M. Rapp, T. Blix, U. P. Hoppe, K. Torkar, S. Robertson, S. Dickson, Kristina Lynch

Dartmouth Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Modular Autonomous Biosampler (Mab)- A Prototype System For Distinct Biological Size-Class Sampling And Preservation, Arthur Trembanis, Craig Cary, Val E. Schmidt, Don Clarke, Tristan Crees, Eric Jackson

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Presently, there is a community wide deficiency in our ability to collect and preserve multiple size-class biologic samples across a broad spectrum of oceanographic platforms (e.g. AUVs, ROVs, and Ocean Observing System Nodes). This is particularly surprising in comparison to the level of instrumentation that now exists for acquiring physical and geophysical data (e.g. side-scan sonar, current profiles etc.), from these same platforms. We present our effort to develop a low-cost, high sample capacity modular,autonomous biological sampling device (MAB). The unit is designed for filtering and preserving 3 distinct biological size-classes (including bacteria), and is deployable in any aquatic setting …

Late Holocene Sedimentation And Paleoenvironmental History For The Tidal Marshes Of The Potomac And Rappahannock Rivers, Tributaries To Chesapeake Bay, Neil E. Tibert, J. Bradford Hubeny, Mark Abbott, Joseph M. Kiker, Lindsay J. Walker, Shawn Mckenzie

Virginia Journal of Science

Instrumental tide gauge records indicate that the modern rates of sea-level rise in the Chesapeake Bay more than double the global average of 1.2-1.5 mm yr-1. The primary objective for this study is to establish a relative depositional history for the tidal marshes of the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers that will help us improve our understanding of processes that influence sedimentation in the proximal tributaries of Chesapeake Bay. Marsh cores were collected from Blandfield Point VA, Tappahannock VA, and Potomac Creek VA. The sedimentary facies include: 1) a lower unit of organic-poor, grey clay with fine sand and silt layers …

Drinking Water Resource Directory, New England Environmental Finance Center

Sustainable Communities Capacity Building

This document is intended to help local and regional planning agencies, and their constituent water utilities, integrate drinking water infrastructure planning and investments into plans for sustainable development. Resources listed here provide guidance on making land use decisions that protect water resources, setting adequate and sustainable drinking water rates, controlling water loss, funding water infrastructure projects, and managing water utilities.

The directory was developed by the Environmental Finance Center Network through the Capacity Building for Sustainable Communities program funded by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development and the Environmental Protection Agency. Through this program, EFCN is providing capacity …

Phylogenetics Links Monster Larva To Deep-Sea Shrimp., Heather D Bracken-Grissom, Darryl L Felder, Nicole L Vollmer, Joel W Martin, Keith A Crandall

Computational Biology Institute

Mid-water plankton collections commonly include bizarre and mysterious developmental stages that differ conspicuously from their adult counterparts in morphology and habitat. Unaware of the existence of planktonic larval stages, early zoologists often misidentified these unique morphologies as independent adult lineages. Many such mistakes have since been corrected by collecting larvae, raising them in the lab, and identifying the adult forms. However, challenges arise when the larva is remarkably rare in nature and relatively inaccessible due to its changing habitats over the course of ontogeny. The mid-water marine species Cerataspis monstrosa (Gray 1828) is an armored crustacean larva whose adult identity …

A Centennial Record Of Paleosalinity Change In The Tidal Reaches Of The Potomac And Rappahannock Rivers, Tributaries To Chesapeake Bay, Neil E. Tibert, Lindsay J. Walker, William P. Patterson, J. Bradford Hubeny, Emma Jones, Olivia R. Cooper

Virginia Journal of Science

Gravity and push cores from the Potomac and Rappahannock Rivers (Virginia Tidewater) were collected from central and proximal estuarine zones with known seasonal salinity stratification. The lowermost microfossil associations in the cores comprise alternating ostracode populations of Cyprideis salebrosa and Cytheromorpha. This microfossil association gives way to an oligohaline association dominated by the freshwater ostracode Darwinula stevensoni. Stable oxygen isotope values (δ¹⁸O) of Rapphannock Cyprideis salebrosa are highly variable ranging between -6.6 to -3.2‰ VPDB. δ¹⁸O values for Potomac Cytheromorpha fuscata range from -8.2 to -3.2‰ VPDB. Positive excursions in δ¹⁸O values …

Light And Vision In The Deep-Sea Benthos: Ii. Vision In Deep-Sea Crustaceans, Tamara M. Frank, Sönke Johnsen, Thomas W. Cronin

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Using new collecting techniques with the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible, eight species of deep-sea benthic crustaceans were collected with intact visual systems. Their spectral sensitivities and temporal resolutions were determined shipboard using electroretinography. Useable spectral sensitivity data were obtained from seven species, and in the dark-adapted eyes, the spectral sensitivity peaks were in the blue region of the visible spectrum, ranging from 470 to 497 nm. Under blue chromatic adaptation, a secondary sensitivity peak in the UV portion of the spectrum appeared for two species of anomuran crabs:Eumunida picta (λ_max 363 nm) and Gastroptychus spinifer (λ_max 383 nm). Wavelength-specific …

Light And Vision In The Deep-Sea Benthos: I. Bioluminescence At 500-1000 M Depth In The Bahamian Islands, Sönke Johnsen, Tamara M. Frank, Steven H.D. Haddock, Edith A. Widder, Charles G. Messing

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Bioluminescence is common and well studied in mesopelagic species. However, the extent of bioluminescence in benthic sites of similar depths is far less studied, although the relatively large eyes of benthic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods at bathyal depths suggest the presence of significant biogenic light. Using the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible, we collected numerous species of cnidarians, echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods and sponges, as well as one annelid from three sites in the northern Bahamas (500–1000 m depth). Using mechanical and chemical stimulation, we tested the collected species for light emission, and photographed and measured the spectra of the emitted light. In addition, …

Development And Characterization Of 11 Novel Microsatellite Loci For The Roundscale Spearfish Tetrapturus Georgii And Their Cross-Species Amplification Among Other Istiophorid Species, Andrea M. Bernard, Kevin A. Feldheim, Mahmood S. Shivji

Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles

Eleven novel polymorphic microsatellite loci were developed and characterized for the recently validated roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii. Characterization of these markers, based on 35 roundscale spearfish from the western North Atlantic, revealed two to 21 alleles per locus with an average expected heterozygosity (HE) of 0·09–0·94, and all loci conformed to Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Cross-amplification of these 11 loci against all other eight known istiophorid species indicates promising prospects for the utility of these markers for istiophorids in general.

Using A Cruise Report To Generate Xml Metadata, Briana M. Sullivan

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

Since 2005 metadata generation at the Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center has slowly evolved from a painful and tedious process of copying and pasting, to generate hundreds of files, to using an automated system that generates 90% of the needed metadata from the data collected on cruises. However there remained one piece missing to the automated system- the wordy part of the metadata that deals with information such as the attribute accuracy report, abstract and the process description. This information cannot be mined from the raw survey data. This paper illustrates how to generate a template from …

Measurement Of Micro-Bathymetry With A Gopro Underwater Stereo Camera Pair, Val E. Schmidt, Yuri Rzhanov

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

A GO-PRO underwater stereo camera kit has been used to measure the 3D topography (bathymetry) of a patch of seafloor producing a point cloud with a spatial data density of 15 measurements per 3 mm grid square and an standard deviation of less than 1 cm A GO-PRO camera is a fixed focus, 11 megapixel, still-frame (or 1080p high-definition video) camera, whose small form-factor and water-proof housing has made it popular with sports enthusiasts. A stereo camera kit is available providing a waterproof housing (to 61 m / 200 ft) for a pair of cameras. Measures of seafloor micro-bathymetrycapable of …

Droughtscape, Fall 2012, National Drought Mitigation Center

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

Contents

Director’s report

Updated resources

Drought outlook and review

2012 and past droughters

Summer impacts summary

Urban planners and drought

USDM wins CLEAN seal

Meixiu Yu's Chinese SPEI

Ethiopian project

Mexican VegDRI

Drought monitor sculpture

Impacts Of Climate Change On The Surface Water Balance Of The Central United States, 1984–2007, Bo Dong

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The climate system and the hydrologic cycle are strongly connected with each other. Understanding the interactions between these two systems is important, since variations in climate can trigger extensive changes in the hydrologic cycle, with significant impacts on agriculture, ecosystems, and society. Observations over the central U.S. in recent decades show numerous changes in climatic variables. This includes decreases in cloud cover and wind speed, increases in air temperature, and seasonal shifts in precipitation rate and rain/snow fraction. To assess the impacts of these variations in climate on the regional water cycle, a terrestrial ecosystem/land surface hydrologic model (Agro-IBIS) is …

Planning For Sea Level Rise In Portland, Maine Using Robust Decision Making As A Guide, Sadie Lloyd

Muskie School Capstones and Dissertations

This paper evaluates the potential for Robust Decision Making (RDM) to guide communities preparing for the impacts of climate change, using sea level rise planning in Portland, Maine as a case study. RDM is a problem solving process that considers multiple outcomes and an uncertain future, and focuses on decisions that provide benefits regardless of which future scenarios develop, allowing for the adjustment of decisions over time to accommodate changes in the future. The flexibility of RDM makes it an appropriate model for decision makers and stakeholders unsure how to address impacts of climate change, an issue complicated by numerous …