Open And Closed Seascapes: Where Does Habitat Patchiness Create Populations With High Fractions Of Self-Recruitment?,
2012
Princeton University
Open And Closed Seascapes: Where Does Habitat Patchiness Create Populations With High Fractions Of Self-Recruitment?, Malin L. Pinsky, Stephen R. Palumbi, Serge Andrefouet, Samuel J. Purkis
Marine & Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles
Which populations are replenished primarily by immigrants (open) and which by local production (closed) remains an important question for management with implications for response to exploitation, protection, and disturbance. However, we lack methods for predicting population openness. Here, we develop a model for openness and show that considering habitat isolation explains the existence of surprisingly closed populations in high-dispersal species, including many marine organisms. Relatively closed populations are expected when patch spacing is more than twice the standard deviation of a species' dispersal kernel. In addition, natural scales of habitat patchiness on coral reefs are sufficient to create both largely …
The Invasion Of California Grasslands: Past, Present, And Future Implications,
2012
California Polytechnic State University - San Luis Obispo
The Invasion Of California Grasslands: Past, Present, And Future Implications, Danielle Simone Caziarc
Social Sciences
No abstract provided.
Light Field And Water Clarity Simulation Of Natural Environments In Laboratory Conditions,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Light Field And Water Clarity Simulation Of Natural Environments In Laboratory Conditions, Shachak Pe'eri, Glenn T. Shwaery
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Simulation of natural oceanic conditions in a laboratory setting is a challenging task, especially when that environment can be miles away. We present an attempt to replicate the solar radiation expected at different latitudes with varying water clarity conditions up to 30 m in depth using a 2.5 m deep engineering tank at the University of New Hampshire. The goals of the study were: 1) to configure an underwater light source that produced an irradiance spectrum similar to natural daylight with the sun at zenith and at 60° under clear atmospheric conditions, and 2) to monitor water clarity as a …
The International Bathymetric Chart Of The Arctic Ocean (Ibcao) Version 3.0,
2012
Stockholm University
The International Bathymetric Chart Of The Arctic Ocean (Ibcao) Version 3.0, Martin Jakobsson, Larry A. Mayer, Bernard Coakley, Julian A. Dowdeswell, Steve Forbes, Boris Fridman, Hanne Hodnesdal, Riko Noormets, Richard Pedersen, Michele Rebesco, Hans Werner Schenke, Yulia Zarayskaya, Daniela Accettella, Andy Armstrong, Robert M. Anderson, Paul Beinhoff, Angelo Camerlenghi, Ian Church, Margo Edwards, James V. Gardner, John K. Hall, Benjamin Hell, Ole Hestvik, Yngve Krisoffersen, Christian Marcussen, Rezwen Mohammad, David Mosher, Son V. Nghiem, Maria Teresa Pedrosa, Paola G. Travaglini, Pauline Weatherall
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
[1] The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum-Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved …
The Relation Among Essential Habitat, Ocean Acidification, And Calcification On The Nantucket Bay Scallop (Argopecten Irradians),
2012
University of Massachusetts Boston
The Relation Among Essential Habitat, Ocean Acidification, And Calcification On The Nantucket Bay Scallop (Argopecten Irradians), Bryanna Joy Broadaway
Graduate Doctoral Dissertations
The relation among essential habitat, ocean acidification, and calcification in Argopecten irradians (Lamarck 1819) was examined through field and laboratory research. Three major questions were addressed: 1) What habitat conditions are associated with abundant populations of bay scallops in Nantucket Harbor? 2) How might future predictions of ocean pH decline affect the biomineralization of shell by bay scallop across juvenile and adult life stages? 3) Are there biochemical indicators that can inform our understanding on how the bay scallop may cope with ocean acidifying events? Elemental fingerprinting of adult and juvenile Nantucket bay scallop shells, A. irradians, revealed distinct element/Ca …
Assessment Of Gravity Wave Momentum Flux Measurement Capabilities By Meteor Radars Having Different Transmitter Power And Antenna Configurations,
2012
Colorado Research Associates Division, Northwest Research Associates
Assessment Of Gravity Wave Momentum Flux Measurement Capabilities By Meteor Radars Having Different Transmitter Power And Antenna Configurations, D. C. Fritts, D. Janches, W. K. Hocking, Michael J. Taylor
All Physics Faculty Publications
Measurement capabilities of five meteor radars are assessed and compared to determine how well radars having different transmitted power and antenna configurations perform in defining mean winds, tidal amplitudes, and gravity wave (GW) momentum fluxes. The five radars include two new-generation meteor radars on Tierra del Fuego, Argentina (53.8°S) and on King George Island in the Antarctic (62.1°S) and conventional meteor radars at Socorro, New Mexico (34.1°N, 106.9°W), Bear Lake Observatory, Utah (∼41.9°N, 111.4°W), and Yellowknife, Canada (62.5°N, 114.3°W). Our assessment employs observed meteor distributions for June of 2009, 2010, or 2011 for each radar and a set of seven …
Caswell County, North Carolina - Weather (Sc 406),
2012
Western Kentucky University
Caswell County, North Carolina - Weather (Sc 406), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Manuscript Collection Finding Aids
Finding aid and scan (Click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 406. Notes by an unknown observer of the weather in Caswell County, North Carolina, 25 December 1844 to 6 January 1845.
Creation Of A Spatial Decision Support System As A Risk Assessment Tool Based On Kentucky Tornado Climatology,
2012
Western Kentucky University
Creation Of A Spatial Decision Support System As A Risk Assessment Tool Based On Kentucky Tornado Climatology, Christopher Michael Blinn
Masters Theses & Specialist Projects
Tornadoes are one of Mother Nature’s deadliest phenomena. They affect a large region of the United States. The risk of tornadoes is contingent on dynamic atmospheric conditions that are most likely during spring but which can occur anytime of the year, making the storms challenging to forecast. Using geographical information systems (GIS), a web-based spatial decision support system (SDSS) was created to help understand the spatial dimension of tornado risk assessment. The risk values are calculated using Tornado Days rather than taking a crude density measurement. The SDSS hosts GIS web services that are displayed on an Adobe Flex application. …
Will Extreme Climatic Events Facilitate Biological Invasions?,
2012
ETH, Zurich
Will Extreme Climatic Events Facilitate Biological Invasions?, Jeffrey M. Diez, Carla M. D'Antonio, Jeffrey S. Dukes, Edwin D. Grosholz, Julian D. Olden, Cascade J.B. Sorte, Dana M. Blumenthal, Bethany A. Bradley, Regan I. Early, Inés Ibáñez, Sierra J. Jones, Joshua J. Lawler, Luke P. Miller
Faculty Publications, Biological Sciences
Extreme climatic events (ECEs) – such as unusual heat waves, hurricanes, floods, and droughts – can dramatically affect ecological and evolutionary processes, and these events are projected to become more frequent and more intense with ongoing climate change. However, the implications of ECEs for biological invasions remain poorly understood. Using concepts and empirical evidence from invasion ecology, we identify mechanisms by which ECEs may influence the invasion process, from initial introduction through establishment and spread. We summarize how ECEs can enhance invasions by promoting the transport of propagules into new regions, by decreasing the resistance of native communities to establishment, …
Population Structure Of Tursiops Truncatus In North Inlet, South Carolina And Use Of Inlet As A Nursery Ground,
2012
Coastal Carolina University
Population Structure Of Tursiops Truncatus In North Inlet, South Carolina And Use Of Inlet As A Nursery Ground, Heather Estep
Honors Theses
Abundance, distribution and movement patterns of bottlenose dolphin populations are becoming more frequently studied along the Atlantic Coast from Virginia to Florida. One aspect of dolphin populations that has not been a focus of study is the use of nursery grounds by females with calves. Nursery grounds for bottlenose dolphin populations have been identified in Sarasota Bay, Florida and near Beaufort, North Carolina. This study analyzed data collected from September 1997 to June 2006 on focal follows and photo identification to determine if females were utilizing North Inlet, South Carolina as a nursery ground. There was no significant difference in …
Countries' Involvement In Whaling And The Impacts On Their Tourism Industries,
2012
Coastal Carolina University
Countries' Involvement In Whaling And The Impacts On Their Tourism Industries, Kaitlyn Hofeldt
Honors Theses
Since the expansion of whale watching as an industry, many countries have converted from whaling as a source of revenue. There are still some countries that partake in whaling and also conduct whale watching tours. The belief is that these two industries cannot coexist in a country and that whaling will have a negative impact on the whale watching sector and the tourism industry all together. A comparative analysis of scholarly articles was conducted alongside a survey to examine the impacts of whaling on the whale watching industries of certain countries. The results showed whaling and whale watching can coexist …
The Effects Of Significant Rainfall Events On Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Off The Coast Of Long Bay In South Carolina,
2012
Coastal Carolina University
The Effects Of Significant Rainfall Events On Surface Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Off The Coast Of Long Bay In South Carolina, Kelsey M. Couch
Honors Theses
Long Bay in South Carolina is currently facing recurrent hypoxic conditions ("South Carolina Coastal Hypoxia"). Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of eight significant rainfall events on the surface dissolved oxygen content of the bay. Differences in theoretical values of average monthly dissolved oxygen content and actual values of average monthly dissolved oxygen were observed. When analyzed, the data from the eight-month study showed no strong correlation between significant rainfall events and changes in surface dissolved oxygen content. Phytoplankton blooms, phytoplankton productivity and seasonal stratifications could be causing these fluctuations (Lomas et al. 2009).
Effects Of "Ultrasound" On Completion Of Cognitive Tasks In Relation To Dolphin Assisted Therapy,
2012
Coastal Carolina University
Effects Of "Ultrasound" On Completion Of Cognitive Tasks In Relation To Dolphin Assisted Therapy, Carrie Wein
Honors Theses
In previous studies, it has been suggested that ultrasound may be the mechanism behind the success of Dolphin Assisted Therapy programs. This study was conducted to determine whether advertising these positive effects of dolphin produced ultrasound to prospective patients will elicit a placebo effect of improving cognitive function. A memory matching task was designed to measure cognitive task completion efficiency, and completion times were recorded in seconds. Participants were divided into two groups, Group A completing the task under normal, or control conditions first, and under the mock "ultrasound" condition second, while Group B received the mock "ultrasound" condition first …
The Importance Of Isolated Wetlands As Habitat For Rare And Endangered Species In Comparison To Riparian Wetlands,
2012
Coastal Carolina University
The Importance Of Isolated Wetlands As Habitat For Rare And Endangered Species In Comparison To Riparian Wetlands, Hillary K. Ballantine
Honors Theses
In this paper, I will review the literature on the factors contributing to the presence of rare or endangered species, the species found in each wetland type and what threatens them, and the views on how to and why we should conserve these habitats. I will also provide data analyses on the importance of isolated wetlands as habitats for rare and endangered species in comparison to riparian wetlands, and present my own views on the topic.
Linking Goniometer Measurements To Hyperspectral And Multi-Sensor Imagery For Retrieval Of Beach Properties And Coastal Characterization,
2012
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory
Linking Goniometer Measurements To Hyperspectral And Multi-Sensor Imagery For Retrieval Of Beach Properties And Coastal Characterization, Charles M. Bachmann, Deric Gray, Andrei Abelev, William D. Philpot, Marcos J. Montes, Robert A. Fusina, Joseph Musser, Rong-Rong Li, Michael Vermillion, Geoffrey Smith, Daniel Korwan, Charlotte Snow, David W. Miller, Joan Gardner, Matt Sletten, Georgi Georgiev, Barry Truitt, Marcus Kilmon, Jon Sellars, Jason Woolard, Christopher Parrish, A. Schwarzschild
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
In June 2011, a multi-sensor airborne remote sensing campaign was flown at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research site with coordinated ground and water calibration and validation (cal/val) measurements. Remote sensing imagery acquired during the ten day exercise included hyperspectral imagery (CASI-1500), topographic LiDAR, and thermal infra-red imagery, all simultaneously from the same aircraft. Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisition for a smaller subset of sites occurred in September 2011 (VCR'11). Focus areas for VCR'11 were properties of beaches and tidal flats and barrier island vegetation and, in the water column, shallow water bathymetry. On land, cal/val …
Comparison Of Saber Oh Measurements To Rocket Photometry Data,
2012
Utah State University
Comparison Of Saber Oh Measurements To Rocket Photometry Data, Jordan Rozum, Gene A. Ware, Doran J. Baker
Browse All Undergraduate research
In 2002, the Sounding of the Atmosphere us- ing Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instru- ment aboard the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite went online and has since been providing radiometric data concern- ing the mesosphere and lower thermosphere/ionosphere (MLTI) region of the atmosphere. Researchers at the Utah State University NASA Space Grant Consortium have been tasked with validating measurements of the hydroxyl airglow volume emission rates (VER) taken by SABER. To this end, we compare SABER measurements of the altitude distribution of hydroxyl airglow to mea- surements taken by photometers aboard rockets launched between 1961 and 1986 …
Atmospheric Circulation Change In The Central Himalayas Indicated By A High-Resolution Ice Core Deuterium Excess Record,
2012
Nanjing University
Atmospheric Circulation Change In The Central Himalayas Indicated By A High-Resolution Ice Core Deuterium Excess Record, Hongxi Pang, Shugui Hou, Susan Kaspari, Paul Mayewski, Douglas Introne, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Zhenchao Li, Yuanqing He, Sungmin Hong, Dahe Qin
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Continuous measurements of both δD and δ18O were performed along a 108.8 m ice core recovered from the East Rongbuk Glacier on the northeast saddle of Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (28.03° N, 86.96° E, 6518 m above sea level) in September 2002. They provide the first high-resolution historical record of deuterium excess (d) in the central Himalayas. In this paper, we focus on d variability from 1951 to 2001 and its relationship with large scale atmospheric circulation. The d record exhibits significant seasonal variations, with low values in summer and high values in winter, reflecting the atmospheric circulation shift between winter …
Gravity Wave Propagation In A Diffusively Separated Gas: Effects On The Total Gas,
2012
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Gravity Wave Propagation In A Diffusively Separated Gas: Effects On The Total Gas, Michael P. Hickey Ph.D., R. L. Walterscheid
Publications
We present a full-wave model that simulates acoustic-gravity wave propagation in a binary-gas mixture of atomic oxygen and molecular nitrogen, including molecular viscosity and thermal conductivity appropriately partitioned between the two gases. Compositional effects include the collisional transfer of heat and momentum by mutual diffusion between the two gases. An important result of compositional effects is that the velocity and temperature summed over species can be significantly different from the results of one-gas models with the same height dependent mean molecular weight (M(z)). We compare the results of our binary-gas model to two one-gas full-wave models: one where M is …
Surface Mass Transfer In Large Eddy Simulation (Les) Of Langmuir Turbulence,
2012
University of South Florida
Surface Mass Transfer In Large Eddy Simulation (Les) Of Langmuir Turbulence, Cigdem Akan
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Over the past century the study of gas exchange rates between the atmosphere and the ocean has received increased attention because of concern about the fate of greenhouse gases such as CO2 released into the atmosphere. Of interest is the oceanic uptake of CO2 in shallow water coastal regions as biological productivity in these regions is on average about three times larger than in the open ocean. It is well-known that in the absence of breaking surface waves, the water side turbulence controls gas transfer of sparingly soluble gases such as CO2 from the air to the …
Mode Water In The Sea Of Japan: A Study On The Reproducibility Of Mode Water In The Data-Assimilating Regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model,
2012
University of Southern Mississippi
Mode Water In The Sea Of Japan: A Study On The Reproducibility Of Mode Water In The Data-Assimilating Regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model, Lea Kristen Locke
Master's Theses
Mode water in the Sea of Japan (SOJ) is associated with anti-cyclonic eddies that form in the quasi-stationary meanders of the offshore Tsushima Warm Current. Previous work in this region has shown free-running, advanced ocean models are able to capture the physical processes that generate mode water; however, data assimilation is seen to ,I have a negative impact. A 3.5km resolution Regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model is used to assess the ability of a data-assimilating model to reproduce the mode water structure in the SOJ. The model's response to the assimilation of in-situ and synthetic profiles, derived from remotely sensed …
