Calibration Of Multibeam Echo Sounders: A Comparison Between Two Methodologies,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Calibration Of Multibeam Echo Sounders: A Comparison Between Two Methodologies, Carlo Lanzoni, Thomas C. Weber
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Multibeam echo sounders (MBES) are widely used in applications like seafloor imaging, fisheries, and habitat mapping. Calibration of acoustic backscatter is an important aspect of understanding and validating the performance of a MBES. Combined transmit/receive beampattern calibrations were performed on a 200 kHz Reson Seabat 7125 MBES in the acoustic tank of the University of New Hampshire utilizing two different methodologies. The first methodology employs fixed standard target spheres and a high accuracy/high resolution rotation mechanism. This method, similar to that proposed by Foote et al ["Protocols forcalibrating multibeam sonar", J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(4), 2005], is designed for a …
Potentially Polluting Marine Sites Geodb: An S-100 Geospatial Database As An Effective Contribution To The Protection Of The Marine Environment,
2012
University of New Hampshire, Durham
Potentially Polluting Marine Sites Geodb: An S-100 Geospatial Database As An Effective Contribution To The Protection Of The Marine Environment, Giuseppe Masetti, Brian R. Calder, Lee Alexander
Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping
Potentially Polluting Marine Sites (PPMS) are objects on, or areas of, the seabed that may release pollution in the future. A rationale for, and design of, a geospatial database to inventory and manipu-late PPMS is presented. Built as an S-100 Product Specification, it is specified through human-readable UML diagrams and implemented through machine-readable GML files, and includes auxiliary information such as pollution-control resources and potentially vulnerable sites in order to support analyses of the core data. The design and some aspects of implementation are presented, along with metadata requirements and structure, and a perspective on potential uses of the database.
Climate Finance For The Middle East And North Africa: Confronting The Challenges Of Climate Change,
2012
Florida Institute of Technology
Climate Finance For The Middle East And North Africa: Confronting The Challenges Of Climate Change, Smita Nakhooda, Alice Caravani, Prachi Seth, Liane Schalatek
Egypt & Libya
This brief considers the scope and objectives of dedicated international public finance directed to the region, drawing on Climate Funds Update data. It finds that most international public climate finance has been directed to a small number of large projects in Egypt and Morocco using concessional loans. These two countries receive 80% of total approved climate finance in the region, largely from the World Bank administered Clean Technology Fund. No climate finance has been directed to the richest fossil fuel exporters in the region such as Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Although good examples of …
A Gap Analysis Of Meteorological Requirements For Commercial Space Operators,
2012
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
A Gap Analysis Of Meteorological Requirements For Commercial Space Operators, Nicholas J. Stapleton
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Commercial space companies will soon be the primary method of launching people and supplies into orbit. Among the critical aspects of space launches are the meteorological concerns. Laws and regulations pertaining to meteorological considerations have been created to ensure the safety of the space industry and those living around spaceports; but, are they adequate? Perhaps the commercial space industry can turn to the commercial aviation industry to help answer that question. Throughout its history, the aviation industry has dealt with lessons learned from mishaps due to failures in understanding the significance of weather impacts on operations. Using lessons from the …
Characteristics Of Tropospheric Ozone Depletion Events In The Arctic Spring: Analysis Of The Arctas, Arcpac, And Arcions Measurements And Satellite Bro Observations,
2012
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Characteristics Of Tropospheric Ozone Depletion Events In The Arctic Spring: Analysis Of The Arctas, Arcpac, And Arcions Measurements And Satellite Bro Observations, T P. Kurosu, Yuhang Wang, T P. Kurosu, K Chance, A Rozanov, A Richter, S J. Oltmans, A M. Thompson, Jonathan Hair, Marta Fenn, Andrew Weinheimer, Thomas B. Ryerson, S Solberg, L Gregory Huey, J Liao, Jack E. Dibb, J A. Neuman, J Nowak, B Pierce, M Natarajan, J Al-Saadi
Earth Sciences
Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are caused by halogen catalyzed ozone loss. In situ chemistry, advection of ozone-poor air mass, and vertical mixing in the lower troposphere are important factors affecting ODEs. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS), the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC), and the Arctic Intensive Ozonesonde Network Study (ARCIONS) experiments (April 2008). Tropospheric BrO columns retrieved from satellite measurements and back …
Short Period Gravity Waves In The Arctic Atmosphere Over Alaska,
2012
Utah State University
Short Period Gravity Waves In The Arctic Atmosphere Over Alaska, Michael Negale, Kim Nielsen, Michael J. Taylor, Britta Irving, Richard Collins
Physics Student Research
The propagation nature and sources of short-period gravity waves have been studied extensively at low and mid-latitudes, while their extent and nature at the polar regions are less known. During the last decade, observations from select sites on the Antarctic continent have revealed a significant presence of these waves over the southern Polar Region as well as shown unexpected dynamical behavior. In contrast, observations over the Arctic region are few and the dynamical behavior is unknown. A recent project was initiated in January 2011 to investigate the presence and dynamics of these waves over interior Alaska. This site provides an …
Water: Conserving Our Most Precious Resource,
2012
Ditchley Foundation
Water: Conserving Our Most Precious Resource, John Holmes Gcvo, Kbe, Cmg
Reports (USI)
This was a thoughtful discussion on a vital and still neglected issue. While there was enough fresh water in the world overall, its distribution did not match that of the global population. Climate change, continuing population growth, urbanisation and altered dietary habits were all exacerbating existing problems of fresh water availability. But there was little new action at national or international level, though local and private sector decisions were making a difference in some places. In the end we might have to take the water to the people rather than expecting the people to go to the water, as had …
Predictability Of Biomass Burning In Response To Climate Changes,
2012
University of Bristol
Predictability Of Biomass Burning In Response To Climate Changes, A.-L. Daniau, Megan Walsh
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
Climate is an important control on biomass burning, but the sensitivity of fire to changes in temperature and moisture balance has not been quantified. We analyze sedimentary charcoal records to show that the changes in fire regime over the past 21,000 yrs are predictable from changes in regional climates. Analyses of paleo- fire data show that fire increases monotonically with changes in temperature and peaks at intermediate moisture levels, and that temperature is quantitatively the most important driver of changes in biomass burning over the past 21,000 yrs. Given that a similar relationship between climate drivers and fire emerges from …
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Climate),
2012
Valparaiso University
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Climate), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Djf),
2012
Valparaiso University
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Djf), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Jja),
2012
Valparaiso University
Campaign Logistics, Mapping, And Discussion (Jja), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Climate),
2012
Valparaiso University
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Climate), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Djf),
2012
Valparaiso University
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Djf), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Jja),
2012
Valparaiso University
Summary And Discussion Of Science Questions (Jja), Student Group
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
Identification Of Ttl Boundaries Using The Ozone-Water Vapor Relationship,
2012
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Identification Of Ttl Boundaries Using The Ozone-Water Vapor Relationship, Laura Pan
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
Two sets of TTL boundary definitions have been proposed in the literature. One uses the static stability structure (Gettelman and Foster, 2002) and the other uses the radiative forcing mass flux criterion (Fu et al., 2007; Fueglistaler et al., 2009). In this work, we present a method to characterize the TTL boundaries using ozone–water vapor relationship. The result shows that the tracer behavior supports the level of the minimum stability to be the lower boundary of the transition layer and the cold point to be a good proxy of the upper boundary. Using this method, we characterize and compare the …
Ozone Variations Over The Northern Subtropical Region Revealed By Ozonesonde Observations In Hanoi,
2012
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC)
Ozone Variations Over The Northern Subtropical Region Revealed By Ozonesonde Observations In Hanoi, Shin-Ya Ogino
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
Seasonal and subseasonal variations in the ozone mixing ratio (OMR) are investigated by using continuous seven-year ozonesonde data from Hanoi (21 0 N, 106 0 E), Vietnam. The mean seasonal variations for the seven years show large amplitude at the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region (10–18 km) and at the lower troposphere (around 3 km) with standard deviations relative to the mean value of about 30% for both regions. In the UTLS region, the seasonal variation in the OMR shows a minimum in winter and a maximum in spring to summer. The variation seems to be caused by …
The Noaa H2o And O3 Data Base,
2012
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
The Noaa H2o And O3 Data Base, Karen Rosenlof
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
No abstract provided.
In-Situ Water Vapor And Ozone Measurements In Lhasa And Kunming During The Asian Summer Monsoon,
2012
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP-CAS)
In-Situ Water Vapor And Ozone Measurements In Lhasa And Kunming During The Asian Summer Monsoon, Jianchun Bian, Laura L. Pan, Laura Paulik, Holger Vömel, Hongbin Chen, Daren Lu
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
Asian summer monsoon (ASM) anticyclone circulation is recognized to be a significant transport pathway for water vapor and pollutants to enter the stratosphere. Observational evidence, however, is largely based on satellite retrievals. We report the first coincident in situ measurements of water vapor and ozone within the ASM anticyclone. The combined water vapor and ozone sondes were launched from Kunming in August 2009 and Lhasa in August 2010. We present the key characteristics of these measurements, and provide a comparison to similar measurements from Alajuela, Costa Rica, an equatorial location, during the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) campaign …
Development Of New Hydorometer Video Sonde (Hyvis) System For Ice Cloud Observation In Ttl Region,
2012
Meisei Electric Co., Ltd.
Development Of New Hydorometer Video Sonde (Hyvis) System For Ice Cloud Observation In Ttl Region, Kensaku Shimizu
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
Cirrus clouds in the TTL play an important role on the radiation budget and thus the understanding of their optical properties together with the microphysical processes associated with their formation is quite important. In spite of the progress in theoretical research on the TTL cirrus (e.g., Koop et al., 2000; Peter et al., 2006), observational research is not enough because of the difficulty due to its height and coldness. On the other hand, research of cirrus clouds at 10 km height has been carried out since 1990s using aircraft and hydrometer sondes such as HYVIS (Murakami and Orikasa, 1997) and …
Impact Of Abrupt Stratospheric Dynamical Change On Tropical Tropopause Layer,
2012
Kyushu University
Impact Of Abrupt Stratospheric Dynamical Change On Tropical Tropopause Layer, Nawo Eguchi, Kunihiko Kodera, Tomoe Nasuno
U.S. - Japan Bilateral Workshop on the Tropical Tropopause Layer: State of the Current Science and Future Observational Needs
We have studied the impact of stratospheric circulation change on water vapor in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) during the stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events (e.g., Eguchi and Kodera, 2010). Increased Brewer-Dobson circulation associated with SSW produces cooling in the tropical lower stratosphere (LS). The cooling generally produces more cirrus clouds and decreases of the water vapor mixing ratio (WV) in the TTL, except for some regions over Africa and South American continents where penetrating clouds are expected. This time, we found a new stratospheric phenomenon which produces abrupt warming in the tropical stratosphere converse to the SSW event. The …
