Error Analysis Of Numerical Weather Prediction Forecasts And Remotely Sensed Air Properties,
2024
Coastal Carolina University
Error Analysis Of Numerical Weather Prediction Forecasts And Remotely Sensed Air Properties, Caleb R. Sease
Honors Theses
Communication and sensing technologies are influenced by atmospheric properties such as the air’s index of refraction, humidity, and temperature in the marine atmospheric surface layer (MASL). Recent research has demonstrated that radar can remotely sense the index of refraction in the MASL and, sometimes, numerical weather prediction models (NWP) can be used to aid this process. These developments are important because they allow for larger spatial coverage and finer temporal resolution than is possible with in-situ atmospheric sensors. More recently, on-going research is working toward extending this remote sensing capability to humidity using refraction as an intermediary. In order to …
Low Cost Magnetometer Calibration And Distributed Simultaneous Multipoint Ionospheric Measurements From A Sounding Rocket Platform,
2024
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Low Cost Magnetometer Calibration And Distributed Simultaneous Multipoint Ionospheric Measurements From A Sounding Rocket Platform, Joshua W. Milford
Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses
Low-cost and low-size-weight-and-power (SWaP) magnetometers can provide greater accessibility for distributed simultaneous measurements in the ionosphere, either onboard sounding rockets or on CubeSats. The Space and Atmospheric Instrumentation Laboratory (SAIL) at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has launched a multitude of sounding rockets in recent history: one night-time mid-latitude rocket from Wallops Flight Facility in August 2022 and three mid-latitude rockets from White Sands Missile Range during the October 2023 annular solar eclipse. All rockets had a comprehensive suite of instruments for electrodynamics and neutral dynamics measurements. Among this suite was one science-grade three-axis fluxgate magnetometer (Billingsley TFM65VQS / TFM100G2) and up …
Spectroscopy Of Atmospheres,
2024
Old Dominion University
Spectroscopy Of Atmospheres, Randika Dodangodage
Physics Theses & Dissertations
Spectroscopic methods are used to study planetary and stellar atmospheres. The information obtained from spectroscopic studies provides insight into atmospheric compositions and dynamics, which can be used to model and characterize atmospheres and climates. Laboratory-recorded absorption cross-sections are needed to interpret the recorded spectra of planets and stars. High resolution ethane, neopentane, propene, and n-butane spectra have been recorded, and absorption cross-sections have been provided for different temperatures and total pressures with different broadening gases, including hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen. The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite orbits Earth and records spectra through solar occultation limb observations. HOCl is a chlorine …
Interferometric Imaging With Eiscat_3d For Fine-Scale In-Beam Incoherent Scatter Spectra Measurements,
2024
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Interferometric Imaging With Eiscat_3d For Fine-Scale In-Beam Incoherent Scatter Spectra Measurements, M. Zettergren, Devin Huyghebaert, Björn Gustavsson, Juha Vierinen, Andreas Kvammen, John Swoboda, Ilkka Virtanen, Spencer Hatch, Karl M. Laundal
Publications
The 233 MHz EISCAT_3D radar system currently under construction in northern Fennoscandia will be able to resolve ionospheric structures smaller than the transmit beam dimensions through the use of interferometric imaging. This capability is made possible by the modular design and digitization of the 119 91-antenna panels located at the main Skibotn site. The main array consists of a cluster of 109 panels, with 10 outlier panels producing unique interferometry baselines. In the present study synthesized incoherent scatter radar signal measurements are used for interferometric imaging analysis with the EISCAT_3D system. The Geospace Environment Model of Ion-Neutral Interactions (GEMINI) model …
Ground Electric Field, Atmospheric Weather And Electric Grid Variations In Northeast Greece Influenced By The March 2012 Solar Activity And The Moderate To Intense Geomagnetic Storms,
2024
Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH)
Ground Electric Field, Atmospheric Weather And Electric Grid Variations In Northeast Greece Influenced By The March 2012 Solar Activity And The Moderate To Intense Geomagnetic Storms, Georgios Anagnostopoulos, Anastasios Karkanis, Athanasios Kampatagis, Panagiotis Marhavilas, Sofia-Anna Menesidou, Dimitrios Efthymiadis, Stefanos Keskinis, Dimitar Ouzounov, Nick Hatzigeorgiu, Michael Danakis
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
In a recent paper, we extended a previous study on the solar solar influence to the generation of the March 2012 heatwave in the northeastern USA. In the present study we check the possible relationship of solar activity with the early March 2012 bad weather in northeast Thrace, Greece. To this end, we examined data from various remote sensing instrumentation monitoring the Sun (SDO satellite), Interplanetary space (ACE satellite), the Earth’s magnetosphere (Earth-based measurements, NOAA-19 satellite), the top of the clouds (Terra and Aqua satellites), and the near ground atmosphere. Our comparative data analysis suggests that: (i) the winter-like weather …
Assessing The Relationship Between The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation And D-Region Electron Density,
2024
Air Force Institute of Technology
Assessing The Relationship Between The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation And D-Region Electron Density, Natalie R. Wirth
Theses and Dissertations
High frequency (HF) communication is a vital aspect of military communication and is highly reliant upon ionospheric conditions. The variation in electron density within the lowest echelon of the ionosphere, the D-region, can significantly impact HF signals, making communication inconsistent and unreliable for these wavelengths. Despite the D-region’s important, research in this area mainly focuses on understanding the impact of space weather anomalies on the upper ionosphere, particularly its higher layers, with relatively little exploration of the D-region. This region, situated closest to the troposphere and stratosphere, has been definitively linked to solar weather events like solar flares and geomagnetic …
Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates,
2024
Air Force Institute of Technology
Global Empirical Model Of Sporadic-E Occurrence Rates, Eli V. Parsch
Theses and Dissertations
Encompassing the Earth, the ionosphere presents unique challenges to modern communication, navigation, and surveillance technologies. Intense ionization enhancements known as sporadic-E (Es), can degrade and disrupt signals in unpredictable ways. Much work has been done to understand this phenomenon and more recent efforts have attempted to model its behavior and impacts. However, there have been limited efforts at modeling global Es occurrence rates (OR) at high time resolutions. This study develops a global empirical model of blanketing sporadic-E (fbEs) occurrence rates using a Karhunen-Lo´eve Expansion (KLE) of global fbEs OR climatologies built with Global Positioning System radio occultations (GPS-RO) and …
Modeling Lightning Flashes In Dissimilar Non-Homogeneous Clouds,
2024
Air Force Institute of Technology
Modeling Lightning Flashes In Dissimilar Non-Homogeneous Clouds, Scott R. Wolff
Theses and Dissertations
A new methodology for near-infrared lightning radiative transfer through clouds is presented. High-resolution weather modeling is used to generate realistic three-dimensional non-homogeneous clouds, which are then used as environments for a Monte Carlo simulation of photon multiple scattering from approximations of lightning flashes. Resultant emissions from the cloud tops are in line with previous studies and satellite observations.
Investigation Of High-Latitude Gnss Radio Occulation Sporadic-E And Auroral-E Measurements,
2024
Air Force Institute of Technology
Investigation Of High-Latitude Gnss Radio Occulation Sporadic-E And Auroral-E Measurements, Kyle D. Roberts
Theses and Dissertations
Abnormal sporadic-E (Es) occurrences were found in the high latitude regions during a recent climatology study by (Hodos, 2022), that calculated sporadic-E occurrence rates derived from a data set of GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) and ionosondes. In this study, sporadic-E GNSS-RO techniques are shown to falsely attribute sporadic-E events to auroral-E (Ea) events. A comparative study is conducted on GPS-RO measurement techniques to find false occurrence rates for various RO techniques using a single ionosonde site in Gakona, Alaska. Phase-based RO techniques were found to be more likely to falsely attribute sporadic-E as auroral-E, while amplitude …
Low-Temperature Laboratory Instrumentation For Investigating Ice Crystal Aggregate Formation In The Atmosphere,
2024
University of North Dakota
Low-Temperature Laboratory Instrumentation For Investigating Ice Crystal Aggregate Formation In The Atmosphere, Victor Ojo, Imteaz Osmani, Hallie Boyer Chelmo
Graduate Research Achievement Day Posters
This study addresses the challenge of achieving controlled low temperatures to investigate and provide information on the precise conditions that promote homogenous (≤-38oC) and heterogenous (≥ -38oC) atmospheric ice crystal formation and aggregation, which disrupt aerospace industries and military activity. I present a preliminary design of a novel temperature control setup for generating levitated ice crystal aggregates within a Dual Balance Electrodynamic Trap (DBET). This preliminary design is called the replica low temperature electrodynamic balance (R-LTDBET). The design integrates chilled-coolant-conveying copper tubes encircling the hollow-square-shaped DBET’s external wall to precisely control its inner chamber temperature while incorporating real-time temperature sensing, …
Analyzing The Effects Of Data Variability & Volume On Predicting Particulate Matter (Pm2.5): Insights From A Machine Learning Approach,
2024
CUNY Hunter College
Analyzing The Effects Of Data Variability & Volume On Predicting Particulate Matter (Pm2.5): Insights From A Machine Learning Approach, Jada A. Macharie
Theses and Dissertations
Accurately predicting PM2.5 concentrations are imperative to the future of public health and environmental policies. Machine learning models incorporating spatial and temporal datasets to predict PM2.5 are often limited by data availability constraints and poor resolution satellite imagery.
Application Of Remote Sensing And Spectroradiometry In Geological Mapping: A Case Study Of Handeni (Qds 148) Block, Eastern Mozambique Belt, Tanzania,
2024
Geological Survey of Tanzania, Dodoma, Tanzania
Application Of Remote Sensing And Spectroradiometry In Geological Mapping: A Case Study Of Handeni (Qds 148) Block, Eastern Mozambique Belt, Tanzania, Masota M. Magigita, Elisante Mshiu, Cassy Mtelela
Tanzania Journal of Science
This study applies remote sensing (RS) as a geologic mapping aid tool , using Handeni Block of Tanzania as a case study. To achieve the objective of this study, we have utilized various RS processing and image enhancement techniques on multispectral data, including ASTER, Landsat 5, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2A. The method proved successful whereby both Landsat-5-data with band combination (BC) 7:4:2 and 7:5:4 and band ratio (BR) 5/3:5/1:7/5 and Landsat-8 data with BCs 5:6:7 and 7:6:4 mapped out marble units. Sentinel 2A data (with BC 8:11:3, BRs 12/2:11/2:8/11; 12/4:11/3:11/2 and 12/4:12/2:11/3) together with image enhancement decorrelation stretch on …
Effect Of Substrate Temperature And Deposition Power On The Surface Morphology And Optical Properties Of Zno:Mg Thin Films Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering,
2024
Baobab Secondary School, Mapinga Village, Bagamoyo District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Effect Of Substrate Temperature And Deposition Power On The Surface Morphology And Optical Properties Of Zno:Mg Thin Films Deposited By Dc Magnetron Sputtering, Saidi Saidi, Margaret E. Samiji, Nuru R. Mlyuka
Tanzania Journal of Science
Magnesium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Mg) thin films were deposited on soda lime glass slides by DC magnetron sputtering method. Atomic force microscope (AFM), and UV/VIS spectrophotometer were used to investigate the effect of sputtering power and substrate temperature on the surface morphology and optical properties of ZnO:Mg thin films. AFM images revealed that sputtering power and deposition temperature have significant influence on surface morphology of the ZnO:Mg thin films. For all sputtering powers and substrate temperatures investigated, ZnO:Mg films had peak transmittance above 85%. Samples deposited at 110 W sputtering power and 450 °C substrate temperature showed the best peak …
Quantifying The Strength Of The El Niño Southern Oscillation And The Indian Ocean Dipole In Influencing The Ond Rainfall Season In Tanzania,
2024
Department of Physics, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Quantifying The Strength Of The El Niño Southern Oscillation And The Indian Ocean Dipole In Influencing The Ond Rainfall Season In Tanzania, Benjamin William Ongito, Paul T.S. Limbu
Tanzania Journal of Science
The current paper examines the strength of variability between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) in influencing October to December (OND) rainfall over the bimodal rainfall regime of Tanzania. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF), correlation analysis, and composite analysis were used during the data analysis. The results show more rainfall distribution over the western part of the Lake Victoria basin and to the peripheral of the northern coast of the country, thus suggesting that, during the OND rainfall season, the onset starts in the western part of the Lake Victoria basin, then spreads to the …
The Effects Of Wildfire Aerosol Emissions On Air Quality,
2024
Purdue University
The Effects Of Wildfire Aerosol Emissions On Air Quality, Emma Braun, Audrey Shirley
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
No abstract provided.
Characterizing Differential Reflectivity Calibration Dependence On Environmental Temperature Using The X-Band Teaching And Research Radar (Xtrra): Looking For A Relationship Between Temperature And Differential Reflectivity Bias, Emma Miller
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
Calibration scans are important for the maintenance of data and the quality of the information that radars output. In this study we looked for a temperature dependency in a full year’s worth of differential reflectivity (ZDR) calibration scan data collected by the X-band Teaching and Research Radar (XTRRA) located near the Purdue University campus. In a vertically pointing calibration scan, the radar scans the drops from below while rotating. From this angle, the overall shape will be circular, which corresponds to a ZDR value of approximately 0 dB. To process the data for the year 2021, a Python script was …
Clouds In The Ancient Lunar Atmosphere: Water Ice Nucleation On Aerosol Simulants,
2024
Purdue University
Clouds In The Ancient Lunar Atmosphere: Water Ice Nucleation On Aerosol Simulants, Mariana C. Aguilar
The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research
Today’s moon is vastly different from what it was 3 billion years ago. At that time, it was home to a collisional atmosphere formed through massive amounts of volcanism, releasing enough subsurface gas to sustain surface pressures of up to 1 kPa. Observations of our solar system have taught us that all dense atmospheres are host to clouds and aerosols, and we expect the Moon’s to be no different. Knowing when, where, and under what conditions cloud particles form is important for understanding the evolution of the lunar atmosphere, how it reacted to temperature gradients, and how it cycled volatiles. …
Spatial Analyses On Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies And Magnetic Storms Observed By China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite In August 2018,
2024
National Central University, Taiwan
Spatial Analyses On Pre-Earthquake Ionospheric Anomalies And Magnetic Storms Observed By China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite In August 2018, Jann-Yeng Tiger Liu, Xuhui Shen, Fu-Yuan Chang, Yuh-Ing Chen, Yang-Yi Sun, Chieh‑Hung Chen, Sergey Pulinets, Katsumi Hattori, Dimitar Ouzounov, Valerio Tramutoli, Michel Parrot, Wei-Sheng Chen, Cheng-Yan Liu, Fei Zhang, Dapeng Liu, Xue-Min Zhang, Rui Yan, Qiao Wang
Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research
The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES), with a sun-synchronous orbit at 507 km altitude, was launched on 2 February 2018 to investigate pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) and ionospheric space weather. The CSES probes manifest longitudinal features of four-peak plasma density and three plasma depletions in the equatorial/low-latitudes as well as mid-latitude troughs. CSES plasma and the total electron content (TEC) of the global ionosphere map (GIM) are used to study PEIAs associated with a destructive M7.0 earthquake and its followed M6.5 and M6.3/M6.9 earthquakes in Lombok, Indonesia, on 5, 17, and 19 August 2018, respectively, as well as to examine ionospheric …
Detection And Classification Of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks,
2024
Georgia Institute of Technology
Detection And Classification Of Sporadic E Using Convolutional Neural Networks, J. A. Ellis, Daniel J. Emmons, M. B. Cohen
Faculty Publications
In this work, convolutional neural networks (CNN) are developed to detect and characterize sporadic E (Es), demonstrating an improvement over current methods. This includes a binary classification model to determine if Es is present, followed by a regression model to estimate the Es ordinary mode critical frequency (foEs), a proxy for the intensity, along with the height at which the Es layer occurs (hEs). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and excess phase profiles from six Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation (RO) missions during the years 2008–2022 are used as the inputs of the model. Intensity (foEs) and the …
Editorial: Observations And Simulations Of Layering Phenomena In The Middle/Upper Atmosphere And Ionosphere,
2024
Institute of Deep Space Sciences, Deep Space Exploration Laboratory
Editorial: Observations And Simulations Of Layering Phenomena In The Middle/Upper Atmosphere And Ionosphere, Bingkun Yu, Xuguang Cai, Daniel J. Emmons Ii, Chong Wang, Jainfei Wu
Faculty Publications
The middle/upper atmosphere and ionosphere are the transition between neutral and ionized components of the Earth’s atmosphere, including stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, ionospheric E region and ionospheric F region (Laštovička et al., 2006; Xu, et al., 2007; Smith, 2012). The atmospheric thermal structure and composition are significantly affected by dynamical processes through coupling. The layering phenomena such as mesospheric metal layers, sporadic E layers, and noctilucent clouds are important tracers to study mechanisms of the vertical coupling from the lower to the upper atmosphere (Dou et al., 2010; Plane, 2012; Xue et al., 2013).
