Measurements Of Charged-Particle Multiplicity Dependence Of Higher-Order Net-Proton Cumulants In 𝑝+𝑝 Collisions At √𝑠 = 200 Gev From Star At Rhic,
2024
University of Kentucky
Measurements Of Charged-Particle Multiplicity Dependence Of Higher-Order Net-Proton Cumulants In 𝑝+𝑝 Collisions At √𝑠 = 200 Gev From Star At Rhic, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report on the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of net-proton cumulant ratios up to sixth order from√𝑠 = 200 GeV 𝑝+𝑝 collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The measured ratios 𝐶4 ∕𝐶2, 𝐶5 ∕𝐶1, and 𝐶6 ∕𝐶2 decrease with increased charged-particle multiplicity and rapidity acceptance. Neither the Skellam baselines nor PYTHIA8 calculations account for the observed multiplicity dependence. In addition, the ratios 𝐶5 ∕𝐶1 and 𝐶6 ∕𝐶2 approach negative values in the highest-multiplicity events, which implies that thermalized QCD matter may be formed in 𝑝+𝑝 collisions.
Measurements Of The 𝑍0 ∕𝛾∗ Cross Section And Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry In 510 Gev 𝑝+𝑝 Collisions,
2024
University of Kentucky
Measurements Of The 𝑍0 ∕𝛾∗ Cross Section And Transverse Single Spin Asymmetry In 510 Gev 𝑝+𝑝 Collisions, The Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The differential cross section for 𝑍0 production, measured as a function of the boson’s transverse momentum (𝑝T), provides important constraints on the evolution of the transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs). The transverse single spin asymmetry (TSSA) of the 𝑍0 is sensitive to one of the polarized TMDs, the Sivers function, which is predicted to have the opposite sign in 𝑝 + 𝑝 → 𝑊 ∕𝑍 + 𝑋 from that which enters in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In this Letter, the STAR Collaboration reports the first measurement of the 𝑍0 ∕𝛾∗ differential cross section as a function of its …
Measurement Of Flow Coefficients In High-Multiplicity P + Au, D + Au, And 3 He + Au Collisions At √S Nn = 200 Gev,
2024
University of Kentucky
Measurement Of Flow Coefficients In High-Multiplicity P + Au, D + Au, And 3 He + Au Collisions At √S Nn = 200 Gev, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Flow coefficients (v2 and v3 ) are measured in high-multiplicity p + Au, d + Au, and 3 He + Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of √s NN = 200 GeV using the STAR detector. The measurements utilize two-particle correlations with a pseudorapidity requirement of |η| < 0.9 and a pair gap of |Δη| > 1.0. The primary focus is on analysis methods, particularly the subtraction of nonflow contributions. Four established nonflow subtraction methods are applied to determine vn, validated using the HIJING event generator. vn values are compared across the three collision systems at similar multiplicities; this comparison cancels the final-state effects and isolates the …
Reaction Plane Correlated Triangular Flow In Au+Au Collisions At √S Nn = 3 Gev,
2024
University of Kentucky
Reaction Plane Correlated Triangular Flow In Au+Au Collisions At √S Nn = 3 Gev, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We measure triangular flow relative to the reaction plane at 3 GeV center-of-mass energy in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A significant v3 signal for protons is observed, which increases for higher rapidity, higher transverse momentum, and more peripheral collisions. The triangular flow is essentially rapidity-odd with a slope at midrapidity, dv3/dy|(y=0), opposite in sign compared to the slope for directed flow. No significant v3 signal is observed for charged pions and kaons. Comparisons with models suggest that a mean field potential is required to describe these results, and that the triangular shape of the participant …
Results On Elastic Cross Sections In Proton–Proton Collisions At √𝑠 = 510 Gev With The Star Detector At Rhic,
2024
University of Kentucky
Results On Elastic Cross Sections In Proton–Proton Collisions At √𝑠 = 510 Gev With The Star Detector At Rhic, The Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report results on an elastic cross section measurement in proton–proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy√𝑠 = 510 GeV, obtained with the Roman Pot setup of the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The elastic differential cross section is measured in the four-momentum transfer squared range 0.23 ≤ −𝑡 ≤ 0.67 GeV2. This is the only measurement of the proton-proton elastic cross section in this 𝑡 range for collision energies above the Intersecting Storage Rings (ISR) and below the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) colliders. We find that a constant slope 𝐵 does not fit the data in …
Upper Limit On The Chiral Magnetic Effect In Isobar Collisions At The Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider,
2024
University of Kentucky
Upper Limit On The Chiral Magnetic Effect In Isobar Collisions At The Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) is a phenomenon that arises from the QCD anomaly in the presence of an external magnetic field. The experimental search for its evidence has been one of the key goals of the physics program of the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. The STAR Collaboration has previously presented the results of a blind analysis of isobar collisions (96 44 Ru + 96 44 Ru, 96 40 Zr + 96 40 Zr) in the search for the CME. The isobar ratio (Y ) of CME-sensitive observable, charge separation scaled by elliptic anisotropy, is close to but systematically larger than …
Production Of Protons And Light Nuclei In Au+Au Collisions At √S Nn = 3 Gev With The Star Detector,
2024
University of Kentucky
Production Of Protons And Light Nuclei In Au+Au Collisions At √S Nn = 3 Gev With The Star Detector, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
We report the systematic measurement of protons and light nuclei production in Au+Au collisions at √s NN = 3 GeV by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The transverse momentum (pT ) spectra of protons (p), deuterons (d), tritons (t), 3 He, and 4 He have been measured from midrapidity to target rapidity for different collision centralities. We present the rapidity and centrality dependence of particle yields (dN/dy), average transverse momentum (〈pT 〉), yield ratios (d/p, t/p, 3 He /p, 4 He /p), as well as the coalescence parameters (B2 , B3 ). The 4π yields …
Microstructural, Mineralogical, And Chemical Characterization Of The Handys Bend And Flax Creek Meteorites, Kentucky: Relevance For The Iron Meteorite Record,
2024
University of Kentucky
Microstructural, Mineralogical, And Chemical Characterization Of The Handys Bend And Flax Creek Meteorites, Kentucky: Relevance For The Iron Meteorite Record, Ethan S.L. Davis
Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences
Iron meteorites remain the only material view into planetary cores. Despite their scientific relevance, iron meteorites are relatively rare. In June 2021 and March 2022, the Kentucky Geological Survey received requests to identify two metallic specimens discovered in central Kentucky. The specimens were given the provisional names Handys Bend (3175.2 g) and Flax Creek (286.2 g). The goal of this project is to confirm meteoritic origin, characterize their structures and chemistry, assign genetic classifications, and examine potential relations to previous discoveries. Petrography was conducted using scanning electron microscopy. Mineral phases were examined using X-Ray diffraction crystallography. Chemical compositions were determined …
The Computational Search For Unidentified Central Configurations Of The Newtonian N-Body Problem,
2024
Northern Illinois University
The Computational Search For Unidentified Central Configurations Of The Newtonian N-Body Problem, Hannah G. Havel
CURE Proceedings
The N-body problem is a field of study in mathematics and physics that involves predicting the motion of particles moving under their mutual gravitational attraction. It is vital in celestial mechanics, such as planning collision-free satellite orbit trajectories. When beginning to understand the N-body problem, we can start by looking at equal masses of these particles or celestial bodies. As particles move, their position and velocity change, both energy and angular momentum are conserved. Sets of constant energy and angular momentum, known as integral manifolds, are higher-dimensional figures that represent constraints of movement to a system. Integral manifolds are described …
Performance Optimization For A Scintillating Glass Electromagnetic Calorimeter At The Eic,
2024
American Christian University
Performance Optimization For A Scintillating Glass Electromagnetic Calorimeter At The Eic, J. Crafts, Renee H. Fatemi, T. Horn, D. Kalinkin
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
The successful realization of the EIC scientific program requires the design and construction of high-performance particle detectors. Recent developments in the field of scientific computing and increased availability of high performance computing resources have made it possible to perform optimization of multi-parameter designs, even when the latter require longer computational times (for example simulations of particle interactions with matter). Procedures involving machine-assisted techniques used to inform the design decision have seen a considerable growth in popularity among the EIC detector community. Having already been realized for tracking and RICH PID detectors, it has a potential application in calorimetry designs. A …
Many Extensions Of Coulomb’S Law: A Scoping Review,
2024
University of New Mexico
Many Extensions Of Coulomb’S Law: A Scoping Review, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this paper, Coulomb’s Law is extended from two stationary charged particles, on linear trajectory, to: many charged particles, or quantum level particles, or objects on arbitrary motions (with velocity, acceleration, time delay), on non-linear trajectories, at even superluminal and instantaneous speeds.
Unveiling Quantum Communication: From Bell's Inequality To Neutrosophic Logic,
2024
University of New Mexico
Unveiling Quantum Communication: From Bell's Inequality To Neutrosophic Logic, Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In this mini-review, we delve into the intriguing realm of quantum communication, spurred by China's recent development of the Tiantong communication satellite. This satellite, shrouded in secrecy, hints at a revolutionary approach to communication that transcends the limitations of conventional signal transmission. We explore the foundational concepts of Bell's inequality and neutrosophic logic, elucidating their roles in understanding the non-local phenomena of quantum entanglement and its potential for secure and rapid communication. Additionally, we examine the connection between Bell's inequality and Shannon information entropy, unveiling the intricate relationship between quantum mechanics and information theory. Through this exploration, we glimpse a …
Possible Evidences For Existence Of An Aether Medium (Or Virtual Inertia/Spin Superfluid Medium),
2024
University of New Mexico
Possible Evidences For Existence Of An Aether Medium (Or Virtual Inertia/Spin Superfluid Medium), Victor Christianto, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
The presentation explores the possibility of an aether medium, also referred to as a virtual inertia/spin superfluid medium, existing to explain certain physical phenomena. While the concept of an aether has been historically rejected by mainstream physics, recent findings and interpretations offer potential justifications for its reconsideration. After discussions with several physicists, notably Robert N. Boyd, PhD and others, we are convinced that aether medium does exist, or may be called virtual inertia/spin superfluid medium.
The Present And Future Of Qcd,
2024
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
The Present And Future Of Qcd, P. Achenbach, D. Adhikari, A. Afanasev, F. Afzal, C. A. Aidala, A. Al-Bataineh, D. K. Almaalol, M. Amaryan, D. Androić, W. R. Armstrong, M. Arratia, J. Arrington, A. Asaturyan, E. C. Aschenauer, H. Atac, H. Avakian, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, X. Bai, M. Zurek, Et. Al.
Physics Faculty Publications
This White Paper presents an overview of the current status and future perspective of QCD research, based on the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the 2022 Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting. We present the progress made in the last decade toward a deep understanding of both the fundamental structure of the sub-atomic matter of nucleon and nucleus in cold QCD, and the hot QCD matter in heavy ion collisions. We identify key questions of QCD research and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions in the near future, hence defining priorities of our research over the coming …
Molecules In Cool Stars: The A²Π - X²Σ⁺ And The B²Σ⁺ And The B²Σ⁺ - X²Σ⁺ Band Systems Of Cacl,
2024
Old Dominion University
Molecules In Cool Stars: The A²Π - X²Σ⁺ And The B²Σ⁺ And The B²Σ⁺ - X²Σ⁺ Band Systems Of Cacl, Léo Lavy, Peter F. Bernath
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Cool red giant stars exhibit absorption bands of calcium monochloride (CaCl) in the optical region. In this work, the bands of CaCl corresponding to the A2Π − X2Σ+ transition with v′ ≤ 4 and v″ ≤ 4, and B2Σ+ − X2Σ+ transition with v′≤ 2 and v″ ≤ 2 are rotationally analyzed with PGOPHER, a multipurpose program for simulating and fitting molecular spectra. All bands were analyzed using high-resolution absorption spectra collected at the National Solar Observatory in 1985, calibrated with atomic lines from a high-resolution emission spectrum obtained …
Searching For Black Holes In The Galactic Center,
2024
University of Central Florida
Searching For Black Holes In The Galactic Center, Caden Zaccardi
Honors Undergraduate Theses
Due to the high extinction along the plane of the Milky Way towards the Galactic Center (GC), it is useful to look at objects that are bright in the near-infrared (near-IR) to obtain data with Earth-based instruments. To identify X-ray Binary (XRB) counterparts towards the GC, we used near-IR spectra from the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). After reducing the LUCI/LBT spectra with the superFATBOY (sFB) pipeline, we compared our near-IR spectra to previously matched IR and X-ray sources in the GC (DeWitt, 2011). Particularly, we looked for H and He emission lines, which indicate signs of a hard radiation field …
Refracting Ufos: Solutions For Fermi Questions, May 2024,
2024
Old Dominion University
Refracting Ufos: Solutions For Fermi Questions, May 2024, John Adam
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
This article, titled "Refracting UFOs: Solutions for Fermi Questions, May 2024," recounts the author's personal experience as a teenager observing a UFO sighting near their home in England. The author used their telescope to observe the object, which turned out to be lights from a distant airplane flying in a circular holding pattern. The article then presents two questions related to the observed phenomenon, including estimating the diameter of the aircraft's path and the banking angle of the aircraft at its speed. The article concludes with a solution to estimating the distance to the aircraft. The information is presented objectively …
Refracting Ufos,
2024
Old Dominion University
Refracting Ufos, John Adam
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
Question 2: Assuming θ ≈ 2° = π/90 rad, estimate the distance R to the aircraft. Assume that R ≫ d. Question 1: Suppose that the observed “period of oscillation” is 1 min, and the speed of the aircraft is 200 km/h. Estimate the diameter d of the aircraft path (assuming that it is circular). Estimate the banking angle of the aircraft at this speed. While still a teenager (and aspiring astronomer), I became interested in the subject of UFOs (more appropriately named UAPs—see Ref. 1). The region in which I lived (50 km west of London) was in the …
Latent Space Dynamics Learning For Stiff Collisional-Radiative Models,
2024
Old Dominion University
Latent Space Dynamics Learning For Stiff Collisional-Radiative Models, Xuping Xie, Qi Tang, Xianzhu Tang
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
In this work, we propose a data-driven method to discover the latent space and learn the corresponding latent dynamics for a collisional-radiative (CR) model in radiative plasma simulations. The CR model, consisting of high-dimensional stiff ordinary differential equations, must be solved at each grid point in the configuration space, leading to significant computational costs in plasma simulations. Our method employs a physics-assisted autoencoder to extract a low-dimensional latent representation of the original CR system. A flow map neural network is then used to learn the latent dynamics. Once trained, the reduced surrogate model predicts the entire latent dynamics given only …
Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 29. Extraterrestrial Entertainment: Are We Being Monitored By Alien Beings?,
2024
Western Kentucky University
Alfred Russel Wallace Notes 29. Extraterrestrial Entertainment: Are We Being Monitored By Alien Beings?, Charles H. Smith
Faculty/Staff Personal Papers
Alfred Russel Wallace (1823−1913) was an early advocate for the rational assessment of likelihood of extraterrestrial life. Current efforts to evaluate the situation have ranged from the heavily self-indulgent to the more objective, and it is still often difficult to decide just how much of the information we are receiving on the subject is dependable. An attempt is made here to cut through the haze and reduce the matter to elementals.
