X-Ray Detection Of The Most Extreme Star-Forming Galaxies At The Cosmic Noon Via Strong Lensing,
2024
University of Massachusetts Amherst
X-Ray Detection Of The Most Extreme Star-Forming Galaxies At The Cosmic Noon Via Strong Lensing, Q. Daniel Wang, Carlos Garcia Diaz, Patrick S. Kamieneski, Kevin C. Harrington, Min S. Yun, Nicholas Foo, Brenda L. Frye, Eric F. Jimenez-Andrade, Daizhong Liu, James D. Lowenthal, Belén Alcalde Pampliega, Massimo Pascale, Amit Vishwas, Mark A. Gurwell
Astronomy: Faculty Publications
Hyperluminous infrared galaxies (HyLIRGs)ãre the most extreme star-forming systems observed in the early Universe,ãnd their properties still elude comprehensive understanding. We have undertakenã large XMM -Newton observing programme to probe the totalãccreting black hole population in three HyLIRGsãt z = 2.12, 3.25,ãnd 3.55, gravitationally lensed by foreground galaxies. Selected from the Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyse Gravitationally lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES), these HyLIRGs haveãpparent infrared luminosities > 10 14 L⊙. Our observãtions re vealed X-ray emission in each of them. PJ1336 + 49ãppears to be dominated by high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs). Remarkably, the luminosity of this non-AGN X-ray emission exceeds byã …
Life Beyond The Horizon: The Universe Was Born In A Black Hole,
2024
University of Missouri, St. Louis
Life Beyond The Horizon: The Universe Was Born In A Black Hole, Zahria Patrick
Undergraduate Research Symposium
It is a widely accepted fact that obtaining information about a black hole is a near-impossible task without being stretched like a spaghetti noodle and trapped in one due to its strong gravitational pull. If the universe exists in a black hole, however, it will mean that it could be possible to survive after crossing its inescapable borders. As surprising as all of this may seem, this theory has existed for quite a while amongst a few different physicists. One person that has shed light on and expanded people’s knowledge of this frightening theory is theoretical physicist, Nikodem Poplawski. The …
Toward The Ir Detection Of Carbon Acid: Absorption And Emission Spectrum,
2024
University of Mississippi
Toward The Ir Detection Of Carbon Acid: Absorption And Emission Spectrum, Ryan C. Fortenberry, Vincent J. Esposito
Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research
With the recent radioastronomical detection of cis-trans-carbonic acid (H2CO3) in a molecular cloud toward the Galactic center, the more stable but currently unobserved cis-cis conformer is shown here to have strong IR features. While the higher-energy cis-trans-carbonic acid was detected at millimeter and centimeter wavelengths, owing to its larger dipole moment, the vibrational structure of cis-cis-carbonic acid is more amenable to its observation at micron wavelengths. Even so, both conformers have relatively large IR intensities, and some of these fall in regions not dominated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Water features may inhibit observation …
Discord In Concordance Cosmology And Anomalously Massive Early Galaxies,
2024
Case Western Reserve University
Discord In Concordance Cosmology And Anomalously Massive Early Galaxies, Stacy S. Mcgaugh
Faculty Scholarship
Cosmological parameters are constrained by a wide variety of observations. We examine the concordance diagram for modern measurements of the Hubble constant, the shape parameter from the large-scale structure, the cluster baryon fraction, and the age of the universe, all from non-CMB data. There is good agreement for (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.). This concordance value is indistinguishable from the WMAP3 cosmology but is not consistent with that of Planck: there is a tension in (Formula presented.) as well as (Formula presented.). These tensions have emerged as progressively higher multipoles have been incorporated into CMB fits. This temporal evolution is …
Low Complexity Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation For Radio Astronomy Using Large Antenna Array,
2024
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Low Complexity Radio Frequency Interference Mitigation For Radio Astronomy Using Large Antenna Array, Zaid Bin Tariq, Teviet Creighton, Louis Percy Dartez, Naofal Al-Dhahir, Murat Torlak
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
With the ongoing growth in radio communications, there is an increased contamination of radio astronomical source data, which hinders the study of celestial radio sources. In many cases, fast mitigation of strong radio frequency interference (RFI) is valuable for studying short lived radio transients so that the astronomers can perform detailed observations of celestial radio sources. The standard method to manually excise contaminated blocks in time and frequency makes the removed data useless for radio astronomy analyses. This motivates the need for better radio frequency interference (RFI) mitigation techniques for array of size M antennas. Although many solutions for mitigating …
Gwtc-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog Of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed By Ligo And Virgo During The First Half Of The Third Observing Run,
2024
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
Gwtc-2.1: Deep Extended Catalog Of Compact Binary Coalescences Observed By Ligo And Virgo During The First Half Of The Third Observing Run, R. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Francisco Llamas, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Wenhui Wang
Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications
The second Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog, GWTC-2, reported on 39 compact binary coalescences observed by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors between 1 April 2019 15∶00 UTC and 1 October 2019 15∶00 UTC. Here, we present GWTC-2.1, which reports on a deeper list of candidate events observed over the same period. We analyze the final version of the strain data over this period with improved calibration and better subtraction of excess noise, which has been publicly released. We employ three matched-filter search pipelines for candidate identification, and estimate the probability of astrophysical origin for each candidate event. While GWTC-2 used …
Synchronicity: An Analysis Of Einstein's Halfway Rule,
2024
Wayne State University
Synchronicity: An Analysis Of Einstein's Halfway Rule, Preslava Nikolova
Rushton Journal of Undergraduate Humanities Research
For the modern world to function, Global Positioning System satellites must synchronize to clocks on Earth. This paper examines a concept that underlies GPS systems, namely Albert Einstein’s halfway rule—the idea that a line of simultaneity exists between two events in different systems. This essay discusses how Einstein used conventionalist methods to establish ½ as a constant value for σ to take advantage of the property of symmetry.
Analysis Of Neutron Star Structure And Equation Of State Using Computational Simulations,
2024
Fayoum University, Egypt
Analysis Of Neutron Star Structure And Equation Of State Using Computational Simulations, Sohila Sameh
2024 REYES Proceedings
Understanding neutron star structures is crucial for advancing astrophysical research. This study explores the structure of neutron stars using advanced equations, including the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations, and various equations of state (EoS). We investigate the mass-radius relationship, stability criteria, and cooling mechanisms. Key findings highlight the impact of relativistic corrections and rotational effects on neutron star properties. The results demonstrate how integrating these advanced equations enhances the understanding of neutron star behavior and stability. This research provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing neutron star structures, with implications for future astrophysical studies.
Replicating Calculations Of A White Dwarf’S Mass And Size Using The Tov Equation,
2024
University of Adelaide, Australia
Replicating Calculations Of A White Dwarf’S Mass And Size Using The Tov Equation, William (Ha Quang) Dang
2024 REYES Proceedings
In this project we followed the instructions in the ”Neutron Stars for Undergraduates” paper to simulate the mass and size of a white dwarf star to be 1.233 solar masses and 0.0144 solar radius.
Nuclear Physics And Neutron Stars: Structure Of Compact Stellar Objects,
2024
Palermo University, Argentina
Nuclear Physics And Neutron Stars: Structure Of Compact Stellar Objects, Michel Geralddi Coria Magaña
2024 REYES Proceedings
The Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations provide a theoretical framework for modeling the structure of neutron stars and white dwarfs in hydrostatic equilibrium. Using Python and MATLAB, we simulate the mass-radius relationship, pressure, and density profiles of these compact stars, focusing on how ionized plasma dynamics contribute to their stability. By incorporating particle simulations into the visualization process, we model the internal forces of neutron stars and white dwarfs, demonstrating how computational tools offer unique insights into these celestial objects. The results align well with theoretical predictions and provide a solid foundation for future studies incorporating additional physical effects such as magnetic …
A Computational Study On The Structural Limits Of Neutron Stars Under Relativistic Conditions And Nuclear Phenomena,
2024
University of Costa Rica, San José, San Pedro, Montes de Oca, Costa Rica
A Computational Study On The Structural Limits Of Neutron Stars Under Relativistic Conditions And Nuclear Phenomena, Marcelo Siles
2024 REYES Proceedings
This project investigates the modeling of neutron stars and white dwarfs using polytropic equations of state and relativistic corrections. By integrating relativistic effects into the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equations, we obtain more accurate predictions of neutron star properties, including mass-radius relationships and neutron degeneracy pressure. Non-relativistic models are inadequate under high pressures. Considering nucleon-nucleon interactions suggests that neutron stars can surpass the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit, theoretically reaching masses up to 2.3 𝑀⊙. However, empirical data supports a more realistic mass range of 1.5 to 2.3 𝑀⊙. The inclusion of neutron star crust modeling refines these predictions, indicating possible …
Coordinated Cosmic-Ray Observing System (Ccros) Concept Paper,
2024
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Coordinated Cosmic-Ray Observing System (Ccros) Concept Paper, Trenton E. Franz
School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications
The Coordinated Cosmic-Ray Observation System Conference (CCROS) was held October 14-16, 2024, at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (USA), and seven strategic priorities and needs were identified.
Imaging Shapes Of Atomic Nuclei In High-Energy Nuclear Collisions,
2024
University of Kentucky
Imaging Shapes Of Atomic Nuclei In High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, Star Collaboration
Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications
Atomic nuclei are self-organized, many-body quantum systems bound by strong nuclear forces within femtometre-scale space. These complex systems manifest a variety of shapes1–3 , traditionally explored using non-invasive spectroscopic techniques at low energies4,5 . However, at these energies, their instantaneous shapes are obscured by long-timescale quantum fluctuations, making direct observation challenging. Here we introduce the collective-flow-assisted nuclear shape-imaging method, which images the nuclear global shape by colliding them at ultrarelativistic speeds and analysing the collective response of outgoing debris. This technique captures a collision-specific snapshot of the spatial matter distribution within the nuclei, which, through the hydrodynamic expansion, imprints patterns …
On The Particle Acceleration Mechanisms In A Double Radio Relic Galaxy Cluster, Abell 1240,
2024
Berklee College of Music
On The Particle Acceleration Mechanisms In A Double Radio Relic Galaxy Cluster, Abell 1240, Arnab Sarkar, Felipe Andrade-Santos, Reinout J. Van Weeren, Ralph P. Kraft, Duy N. Hoang, Timothy W. Shimwell, Paul Nulsen, William Foreman, Scott Randall, Yuanyuan Su, Priyanka Chakraborty, Christine Jones, Eric Miller, Mark Bautz, Catherine E. Grant
Faculty Works
We present a 368 ks deep Chandra observation of Abell 1240, a binary merging galaxy cluster at a redshift of 0.195 with two brightest cluster galaxies that may have passed each other 0.3 Gyr ago. Building upon previous investigations involving Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, Very Large Array, and LOFAR data, our study focuses on two prominent extended radio relics at the northwest (NW) and southeast (SE) of the cluster core. By leveraging the high-resolution Chandra imaging, we have identified two distinct surface-brightness edges at ∼1 Mpc and 1.2 Mpc NW and SE of the cluster center, respectively, coinciding with the …
Mesmerizing Moon Mysteries: Unraveling The Compositions Of Irregular Mare Patches (Imps) Using Remote Observations,
2024
University of Central Florida
Mesmerizing Moon Mysteries: Unraveling The Compositions Of Irregular Mare Patches (Imps) Using Remote Observations, Nicholas G. Piskurich
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024
Compositional characterization of lunar surface features informs our understanding of the Moon's thermal and magmatic evolution. We investigated the compositions of hypothesized volcanic features known as irregular mare patches (IMPs) and their surroundings to constrain formation mechanisms. We used six datasets to assess the composition of 12 IMPs: 1) Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) derived spectral parameters (e.g., band center positions, shapes), 2) Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Diviner Radiometer Experiment (Diviner) measured Christiansen feature (CF) position, 3) SELENE (Kaguya) Multiband Imager (MI) FeO abundance, 4) Clementine 5-band (Ultraviolet/Visible)-derived FeO abundance, 5) LRO Wide Angle Camera (WAC) TiO2 abundance, …
The Case For Photothermal Spectroscopy In The Future Of Planetary Science Missions,
2024
University of Central Florida
The Case For Photothermal Spectroscopy In The Future Of Planetary Science Missions, Christopher T. Cox
Graduate Thesis and Dissertation 2023-2024
Optical PhotoThermal InfraRed (O-PTIR) is a relatively new spectroscopy method for studying materials. It produces transmission-like spectra using a remote reflectance technique that is rapid, requires little sample preparation, and is well-suited for the technique to be adapted for a space flight instrument. The method involves a tunable pulsed IR laser creating a photothermal effect on the surface of a material and measuring the distortion of a probing visible laser in the same region of the sample, which can be obtained at sub-micron spatial resolutions. A measurement campaign was performed utilizing Photothermal Spectroscopy Corporation's O-PTIR instrument, mIRage®. In this campaign, …
Verifying And Analyzing Ultra-Compact X-Ray Binaries Via Reflection Spectroscopy,
2024
Wayne State University
Verifying And Analyzing Ultra-Compact X-Ray Binaries Via Reflection Spectroscopy, David Louis Moutard
Wayne State University Dissertations
A low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) is a compact object, such as a neutron star (NS) or black hole (BH), which is accreting material from a stellar companion via a process called Roche-lobe overflow. An ultra-compact X-ray binary (UCXB) is a subset of these systems defined by a shorter orbital period (< 80 minutes, compared to the hours to days seen in LMXBs). This shorter orbital period implies that the companion is more compact than a main sequence type star, often being a white dwarf (WD). These systems are important to study, as the compact nature of both objects in a tight orbit produces low frequency gravitational waves that will affect the next generation of multi-messenger astronomy. By observing UCXBs we can help to understand every facet of these unique systems before such missions begin. Over the course of this dissertation, we study a NS-WD UCXB called 4U 0614+091 and a NS UCXB candidate called SLX 1735-269. The primary method used to study these systems is a process called reflection modeling. This process involves collecting X-ray spectra, and modeling various components; a thermal contribution from the NS, non-thermal contribution from an X-ray corona surrounding the compact object, and sometimes thermal contributions from the accretion disk itself when necessary. These make up the standard continuum for an LMXB, but an additional component is applied which accounts for photons from the corona illuminating the disk and being reprocessed by the elements therein. These elements differ between UCXBs and LMXBs, as UCXBs tend to have an overabundance of oxygen with respect to solar, while being nearly devoid of hydrogen, resulting in a unique feature in the low-energy band. We use this fact to attempt to verify the UCXB nature of SLX 1735-269 by comparing reflection models applied to the data. These models contain different chemical abundances, with some designed for standard LMXBs with a main sequence companion and another designed specifically for UCXBs with a WD companion. We find that it is more likely that the source is ultra-compact in nature, but our timing analysis yields no orbital period, so we can not verify this beyond the indirect evidence of abundances. We also use this method to analyzea series of observations of 4U0614+091, which is a confirmed UCXB. This source varies in flux quasi-periodically over the course of a few days. By capturing the source at various stages along this flux evolution and modeling the reflection, we find that the inner disk appears to move away from the NS at the lowest flux state. This is analogous to what is seen in BH LMXB systems, and explains an apparent anti-correlation in the flux of the illuminating corona and that of the reflected emission, as the accretion disk is physically further from the illuminating source. Finally, we focus on a long term analysis of the same source, taking 51 archival spectra and modeling them with a UCXB reflection abundances. We find the source in different states throughout the course of these observations, which allows us to study how certain reflection parameters change as the source varies overall. We find that our results are consistent with the X-ray corona moving closer to the NS during high flux states, where the bulk of the emission is at low energies. This unique subset of sources can help us understand accretion at various scales by drawing comparisons to more massive black hole counterparts.
Refracting Ufos: Solutions For Fermi Questions, May 2024,
2024
Old Dominion University
Refracting Ufos: Solutions For Fermi Questions, May 2024, John Adam
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
This article, titled "Refracting UFOs: Solutions for Fermi Questions, May 2024," recounts the author's personal experience as a teenager observing a UFO sighting near their home in England. The author used their telescope to observe the object, which turned out to be lights from a distant airplane flying in a circular holding pattern. The article then presents two questions related to the observed phenomenon, including estimating the diameter of the aircraft's path and the banking angle of the aircraft at its speed. The article concludes with a solution to estimating the distance to the aircraft. The information is presented objectively …
Refracting Ufos,
2024
Old Dominion University
Refracting Ufos, John Adam
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
Question 2: Assuming θ ≈ 2° = π/90 rad, estimate the distance R to the aircraft. Assume that R ≫ d. Question 1: Suppose that the observed “period of oscillation” is 1 min, and the speed of the aircraft is 200 km/h. Estimate the diameter d of the aircraft path (assuming that it is circular). Estimate the banking angle of the aircraft at this speed. While still a teenager (and aspiring astronomer), I became interested in the subject of UFOs (more appropriately named UAPs—see Ref. 1). The region in which I lived (50 km west of London) was in the …
Latent Space Dynamics Learning For Stiff Collisional-Radiative Models,
2024
Old Dominion University
Latent Space Dynamics Learning For Stiff Collisional-Radiative Models, Xuping Xie, Qi Tang, Xianzhu Tang
Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications
In this work, we propose a data-driven method to discover the latent space and learn the corresponding latent dynamics for a collisional-radiative (CR) model in radiative plasma simulations. The CR model, consisting of high-dimensional stiff ordinary differential equations, must be solved at each grid point in the configuration space, leading to significant computational costs in plasma simulations. Our method employs a physics-assisted autoencoder to extract a low-dimensional latent representation of the original CR system. A flow map neural network is then used to learn the latent dynamics. Once trained, the reduced surrogate model predicts the entire latent dynamics given only …
