Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Polydactyly In Cats, Rosa Benson, Cassie Morris, Leaha Mancuso, Bernardo Mesa

Harrisburg University Research Symposium

Polydactyly is a genetic condition in which a cat is born with more than the typical number of toes. It is a dominant genetic mutation and is fairly common in cats. (Class Project)

Editorial: Special Issue “Innovative Techniques And Approaches In The Control And Prevention Of Rabies Virus”, Amy T. Gilbert, Ryan M. Wallace, Charles E. Rupprecht

USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications

Rabies is an ancient lethal scourge that has plagued humankind for centuries. Globally, 60,000 human deaths are estimated to occur each year from rabies virus (RABV) transmission in domestic dogs, mostly affecting children. While rabies is recognized as a neglected disease, there is cause for optimism in the context of growing global recognition, collaboration and commitment to advance a tripartite agenda to eliminate human deaths transmitted from rabid dogs by 2030, also known as “Zero By Thirty” (ZBT). Nevertheless, the ZBT goal must also confront competing challenge(s) of tracking and mitigating human morbidity and mortality during a global pandemic caused …

Can We Use Antipredator Behavior Theory To Predict Wildlife Responses To High-Speed Vehicles?, Ryan B. Lunn, Bradley Blackwell, Travis L. Devault, Esteban Fernández-Juricic

USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications

Animals seem to rely on antipredator behavior to avoid vehicle collisions. There is an extensive body of antipredator behavior theory that have been used to predict the distance/time animals should escape from predators. These models have also been used to guide empirical research on escape behavior from vehicles. However, little is known as to whether antipredator behavior models are appropriate to apply to an approaching high-speed vehicle scenario. We addressed this gap by (a) providing an overview of the main hypotheses and predictions of different antipredator behavior models via a literature review, (b) exploring whether these models can generate quantitative …

A Novel Endo Gia™ Staple Cartridge For Canine Lung Lobectomies, Alissa St. Blanc

LSU Master's Theses

The canine lungs are well suited for ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport. In diseased states, changes within bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma alter the blood-gas interface. Diagnostic workups to characterize pulmonary disease may include blood gas analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheobronchoscopy, radiography and/or computed tomography. Surgical pulmonary diseases include cysts, bullae, and blebs; congenital anomalies; consolidation or abscessation; bronchiectasis; lacerations; lung lobe torsions; and neoplasia. Surgical options may include laceration repair, partial or total lung lobectomy, and pneumonectomy. These options are most commonly utilized in cases that fail medical management. Lung lobectomies were originally performed using suture ligation. Stapling devices have …

Antibody Dependent Enhancement Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Poultry, Zachary Hamilton, Barry Simpson Dr., Donald L. Reynolds, Dvm, Dr.

UCARE Research Products

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a coronavirus infection of chickens that causes respiratory disease and reproductive problems in chickens. Currently, there are vaccines that are effective against IB. However, new variants and strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) routinely emerge. A vaccine that is not the same strain as the virus is not completely effective in protecting against other variants because the vaccine will not allow the host antibodies to completely neutralize the strain. This is a problem because it makes IB difficult to control and diagnose.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon whereby non-neutralizing antibodies, or low levels …

Economic Consequences Of The Wolf Comeback In The Western United States, Dana Hoag, Stewart W. Breck, Kevin Crooks, Becky Niemiec

USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications

Gray wolves were eradicated from most of the United States in the 1940’s but have made a comeback in parts of their historic range over the last two decades. First reintroduced into the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and central Idaho in the mid-1990’s, wolves have subsequently dispersed into at least 7 western states. Coloradoans became the latest state to take interest in bolstering wolf populations, as residents passed a ballot initiative in November 2020 to reintroduce a self-sustaining population of gray wolves by the end of 2023. Conflicts between people in rural areas that might incur costs (such as livestock loss) …

Understanding Continent-Wide Variation In Vulture Ranging Behavior To Assess Feasibility Of Vulture Safe Zones In Africa: Challenges And Possibilities, Adam Kane, Ara Monadjem, H. K.Ortwin Aschenborn, Keith Bildstein, André Botha, Claire Bracebridge, Evan R. Buechley, Ralph Buij, John P. Davies, Maria Diekmann, Colleen T. Downs, Nina Farwig, Toby Galligan, Gregory Kaltenecker, Chris Kelly, Ryno Kemp, Holger Kolberg, Monique L. Mackenzie, John Mendelsohn, Msafiri Mgumba, Ran Nathan, Aaron Nicholas, Darcy Ogada, Morgan Pfeiffer, W. Louis Phipps, Matteuns D. Pretorius, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, Gabriel Lita Shatumbu, Orr Spiegel, Lindy J. Thompson, Jan A. Venter, Munir Virani, Kerri Wolter, Corinne J. Kendall

USDA Wildlife Services - Staff Publications

Protected areas are intended as tools in reducing threats to wildlife and preserving habitat for their long-term population persistence. Studies on ranging behavior provide insight into the utility of protected areas. Vultures are one of the fastest declining groups of birds globally and are popular subjects for telemetry studies, but continent-wide studies are lacking. To address how vultures use space and identify the areas and location of possible vulture safe zones, we assess home range size and their overlap with protected areas by species, age, breeding status, season, and region using a large continent-wide telemetry datasets that includes 163 individuals …

Tick Surveillance And Pathogen Detection In Eastern South Dakota, Holly E. Black

Honors Thesis

Tick-borne diseases threaten the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems, but surveillance efforts are lacking in some regions. Throughout 2019, 2020, and 2021, we conducted tick surveys aimed at determining the status of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the lone star tick (Amblyoma americanum) in eastern South Dakota. Each year, ticks were collected using a flagging method and identified in the lab. A subset were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dermacentor variabilis was the most commonly identified tick, …

Evaluation Of Nitrite Concentration In Edible Bird’S Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, And Red Blood), Siti Gusti Ningrum, Bagus Uda Palgunad, Rochiman Sasmita

Makara Journal of Science

The color of edible bird’s nest is associated with its nitrite concentration, but this relationship remains inconclusive. This investigation aimed to evaluate the nitrite content in edible bird’s nest of four different colors: white, yellow, orange, and red blood. Fifty-eight edible bird’s nest samples were obtained from five swiftlet farmhouses in Borneo Island, Indonesia and analyzed for nitrite content using Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the dark-colored edible bird’s nests (yellow, orange, and red blood) had higher nitrite concentrations of 304, 317, and 309 ppm, respectively, compared with the white-colored one (15 ppm). Therefore, the color of edible …

Miniature Companion Pig Sedation And Anesthesia, Joseph Smith, Reza Seddighi

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

• Miniature companion pigs (MCP) are increasing in popularity, and as such, there is an increased need for veterinarians trained in sedation and anesthesia for the species.

• MCPs have several species-specific qualities that can complicate injectable drug administration and create challenges for inhalational anesthesia (eg, with endotracheal intubation).

• General anesthetic complications, such as hypothermia and hypotension, are commonly described in miniature companion pigs, so monitoring of vital parameters during anesthetic procedures and recovery is crucial.

Severe Mandibular Osteomyelitis And Exfoliation Of A Mandibular Canine Tooth In A Vietnamese Potbellied Pig, Joseph Smith, Caroline Griffin, Phil Jones, Brenda Mulherin, Silke Hecht

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Large Animal Clinical Sciences

∙Preventative care of miniature companion pigs should include regular oral examinations and incorporate routine tusk maintenance.

∙Severe dental disease can lead to significant sequelae, including osteomyelitis leading to loss of mandibular structural integrity.

∙Diagnostic imaging is a useful tool for assessment of dental disease in miniature companion pigs.

Livestock Performance In Response To High Intensity Rotational Grazing System, Austin Kennedy

Honors Theses, University of Nebraska-Lincoln

The production of livestock is composed of a variety of factors all effecting the outcome. For grazing livestock, a key factor in production is the grazing management system. Two of the most common grazing management systems are continuous grazing and rotational grazing. There has been evidence found proving benefits of rotational grazing in regard to vegetation productivity, and prevention and restoration of degraded rangeland. However, there is a lack of clear evidence on the relationship between grazing system and production metrics of livestock. Understanding this relationship can provide the necessary information for livestock producers in order to increase their production …

Assessment Of Diversity Of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes And Genotypes Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Isolates From Bovine Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Hannah F. Carter, Robert W. Wills, Matthew A. Scott, Alexis C. Thompson, Randall S. Singer, John Dustin Loy, Brandi B. Karisch, William B. Epperson, Amelia R. Woolums

Papers in Veterinary and Biomedical Science

The threat of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for cattle operations is exacerbated by increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, a leading cause of BRD. Characterization of AMR in M. haemolytica by culture and susceptibility testing is complicated by uncertainty regarding the number of colonies that must be selected to accurately characterize AMR phenotypes (antibiograms) and genotypes in a culture. The study objective was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity of M. haemolytica isolates on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from 28 cattle at risk for BRD or with BRD. NPS were swabbed onto five consecutive blood agar plates; …

Seasonal And Antimicrobial Resistance Distributions Of Salmonella Isolated From Pork, Beef And Chicken Meat In Vientiane Capital, Lao Pdr, Sitthasone Xaymountry, Kanit Chukanhom, Seri Klangair, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Sunpetch Angkititrakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objectives in this study was to investigate the prevalence, seasonal variation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from pork, beef and chicken meat at retail markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. During May 2018 to April 2019, 445 swab samples were randomly collected from pork (n = 258), beef (n = 81) and poultry meat (n = 106) in three seasons at three retail big markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, Thongkhankham, Lao-Aussi, and Nongchan markets. All samples were isolated and identified for Salmonella spp. using the ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007 procedure. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using …

Surveillance Of Zoonotic Brugia Pahangi In Monastery Cats, Samphran District, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Thanakorn Rawangchue, Nuttasiri Sripirom, Sivapong Sungpradit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The mosquito-borne filarial nematode parasites Brugia pahangi and B. malayi have been proposed as potential zoonotic pathogens, with dogs and cats being the main reservoir hosts. The monasteries where both stray and semi-domesticated animals live often serve as areas where humans are exposed to these reservoirs. In Thailand, the prevalence of B. pahangi, particularly in infected monastery cats, is underreported. In this study, we investigated B. pahangi prevalence in cats at 24 temples in the Samphran district, Nakhon Pathom province, central Thailand. In total, 196 blood samples were collected from the cats and examined using the hematocrit capillary tube technique. …

African Swine Fever Vaccine Development: Current Status And Challenges Ahead, Sezim Monoldorova, Galina Koltsova, Ilya Titov, Inkyu Yoo, Andrey Gogin, Jonguk Jeong, Hyeon-Seop Byeon, Seungri Yun, Yunhee Chang, Shin-Seok Kang, Denis Kolbasov, Bo-Young Jeon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious, hemorrhagic and highly lethal viral disease in swine. Following the initial report of ASF in Kenya in 1921 it spread to East Asia through Western Europe and Russia (including Eastern Europe). Many efforts have been dedicated to controlling ASF but the struggle to eradicate this disease continues. Thus far, the efforts to develop an effective vaccine to control ASF have been unsuccessful. A previous inactivated ASF vaccine, developed by traditional methods, failed to protect pigs from ASF virus (ASFV) infection. Neutralizing antibodies were not effective in inducing protective immunity and it appears that …

Indications For Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Kerong Li, Xiaoxiao Zhou, Zhijun Zhong, Haifeng Liu, Min Li, Guangneng Peng, Ziyao Zhou

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel method to treat intestinal and extraintestinal diseases by transplanting the microbiota in the feces of healthy animals into the gastrointestinal tracts of patients and reconstructing intestinal flora in the patients' intestine. In this article, we reviewed the recent studies of canine FMT focusing on its indications. FMT was proved effective to treat canine Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) diarrhea and acute diarrhea; upregulate the intestinal microbiota in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS); and may have benefit for preventing canine post-weaning diarrhea. However, the specific FMT …

Transcutaneous Light Penetration Of Simultaneous Superpulsed And Multiple Wavelength Photobiomodulation Therapy In Living Dog Tissue, Somphong Hoisang, Suvaluk Seesupa, Supranee Jitpean, Naruepon Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is used as an adjunctive therapy for wound healing, pain relief and rehabilitation. The penetration of light to the target tissue is the crucial factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential penetration of simultaneous superpulsed and multiple wavelength (SPMW) PBMT on living tissue in dogs. Twenty client-owned dogs were anesthetized and underwent abdominal surgery. The PMBT device was set at 50 Hz and delivered light for 60 sec at different distances; at 0 cm (contact) and 1 cm tissue-device distance (non-contact). The power meter was placed and measured the mean output power (MOP) …

Natural Mycoplasma Bovis Infection Associated With Epithelioid Granulomatous Caseonecrotic Bronchiolitis At A Progressed Disease Stage In Calves, Mathurot Suwanruengsri, Ryoko Uemura, Uda Zahli Izzati, Takuya Kanda, Naoyuki Fuke, Masahiro Yasuda, Takuya Hirai, Ryoji Yamaguchi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a pathogen that especially effects the respiratory system of cattle. We focused on the histopathological changes in the lungs caused by M. bovis because the lesions in the bronchi or bronchioles and alveoli are quite different in natural infections. Thirty-five lung samples from 2-to 12-month-old Japanese Black calves with respiratory symptoms were collected and examined for bacteria presence and pathological changes using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, 18 of the 35 samples were found to be positive for M. bovis, which was isolated and identified. In 7 of the samples, only M. …

The Effect Of Recombinant Chimeric Swine Pkr-Apaf-1 Proteins On Viral-Load Reduction Of Prrs And Ped Alpha-Coronavirus Infected Cell Lines, Phong Vu Anh Tuan Vo, Thanaporn Lertsakchai, Sukeesom Jiramahasuwan, Achara Tawatsin, Athipoo Nuntaprasert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The PRRS virus and PED alpha-coronavirus are the two main pig pathogens in the world. The current strategies to control these diseases are inadequate. The recombinant chimeric swine PKR-Apaf-1 protein (rcPAP) consists of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Trans-activator transcription (HIV-TAT) domain, the dsRNA-binding domain of porcine Protein kinase R (PKR) gene and the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain of porcine Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor-1 (Apaf-1) gene. In general, the rcPAP can detect viral dsRNA in virally infected cells and induces apoptosis and kills the virus-infected cells. In this study, the reducing viral-load efficacy of rcPAP (produced from bacteria) against PRRS virrus …