Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

The Relationship Of Leptin And Thyroid Hormones With Milk Yield And Some Fertilityparameters In Simmental Dairy Cows During Transition Period, Özkan Duru, Alparslan Kadi̇r Devri̇m, Hasan Ceyhun Macun, Si̇bel Yasa Duru, Ali̇ Şenol

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, transition period cows were used to test the hypothesis that serum levels of leptin and thyroid hormones would correlate the production efficiency such as milk yield, body condition score, and fertility in dairy cows raised under the same controlled conditions. The study comprised 37 Simmental cows, which were 3 years old and between 257-265 days of gestation. Serum levels of leptin, T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 hormones were measured in blood samples obtained from the animals, which were in the period of 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after delivery. Prepartum serum leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having increased milk production compared to the first lactation peak value. Also, postpartum serum FT3 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having milk yield of ≥ 30 kg. Leptin levels were found to be inversely related with milk production and fertility. FT3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with milk production and similarly T3 levels showed an inverse correlation with body condition score. The present study proposed that routine monitoring of leptin and thyroid hormones would be useful for the reproductive management of cows with breeding problems.

Ram Sexual Preferences And Estrous Behavior Expression In Ewes With Differentreproductive Status, Juan González Maldonado, Gustavo Ramírez Valverde, Raymundo Rodríguez De Lara, Jaime Gallegos Sánchez, Javier Antillón Ruiz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The hypothesis was that the level of sexual experience and reproductive status of ewes affect the time that rams dedicate to courtship. Ewes (n = 40) were separated into four groups according to their reproductive status: maiden, empty, under continuous and restricted suckling ewes. Rams (n = 8) were separated into four groups according to their sexual experience: experienced-I and -II and inexperienced-I and -II. Each group of ewes was exposed at the same time to a different group of rams at 10-12 h intervals for 22 days, an injection of prostaglandin was given to ewes at the end of …

Pharmacologically Induced Ex Copula Ejaculation In Horses And Donkeys, Afroza Khanam, Ayman A Swelum, Firdous A Khan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Pharmacologically induced ex copula ejaculation is a method used for collection of semen when the traditional methods of semen collection are not feasible. Common indications for this method include health issues that either preclude the physical act of mating or result in impaired erection and ejaculation. The method also offers an alternative when there is a lack of equipment and facilities required for semen collection using the conventional artificial vagina method. A variety of pharmacological protocols for ex copula ejaculation in stallions have been evaluated in both research and clinical settings with no serious side-effects reported. In general, these protocols …

Core Commitments For Field Trials Of Gene Drive Organisms, Kanya C. Long, Luke Alphey, George J. Annas, Cinnamon S. Bloss, Karl J. Campbell, Jackson Champer, Chun-Hong Chen, Amit Choudhary, George M. Church, James P. Collins, Kimberly L. Cooper, Jason A. Delborne, Owain R. Edwards, Claudia I. Emerson, Kevin Esvelt, Sam Weiss Evans, Robert M. Friedman, Valentino M. Gantz, Fred Gould, Sarah Hartley, Elizabeth Heitman, Janet Hemingway, Hirotaka Kanuka, Jennifer Kuzma, James V. Lavery, Yoosook Lee, Marce Lorenzen, Jeantine E. Lunshof, John M. Marshall, Philipp W. Messer, Craig Montell, Kenneth A. Oye, Megan J. Palmer, Philippos Aris Papathanos, Prasad N. Paradkar, Antoinette J. Piaggio, Jason L. Rasgon, Gordana Rašić, Larisa Rudenko, J. Royden Saah, Maxwell J. Scott, Jolene T. Sutton, Adam E, Vorsino, Omar S. Akbari

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We must ensure that trials are scientifically, politically, and socially robust, publicly accountable, and widely transparent.

Gene drive organisms (GDOs), whose genomes have been genetically engineered to spread a desired allele through a population, have the potential to transform the way societies address a wide range of daunting public health and environmental challenges. The development, testing, and release of GDOs, however, are complex and often controversial. A key challenge is to clarify the appropriate roles of developers and others actively engaged in work with GDOs in decision-making processes, and, in particular, how to establish partnerships with relevant authorities and other …

Correction: Moxley, R.A., Et Al. Intimate Attachment Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 To Urinary Bladder Epithelium In The Gnotobiotic Piglet Model. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 263, Rodney A. Moxley, Tom W. Bargar, Stephen D. Kachman, Diane R. Baker, David Francis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]: On page 2, the sentence that reads, “Hence, EHEC is a rare but established cause of HUS in children and adults.” should read, “Hence, EHEC is a rare but established cause of UTI-associated HUS in children and adults.” On page 4, the sentence that reads, “As noted previously, 14 of 126 (13.3%) piglets orally inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 strains developed mild to moderate purulent cystitis within 8 d PI [25] (Table 1).” should read, “As noted previously, 14 of 105 (13.3%) piglets orally inoculated with EHEC O157:H7 strains …

Cellular Proliferation Of Equine Bone Marrow- And Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decline With Increasing Donor Age, Jasmin Bagge, James N. Macleod, Lise C. Berg

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Background: Bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used increasingly for autologous cell therapy in equine practice to treat musculoskeletal and other injuries. Current recommendations often call for 10–100 million MSCs per treatment, necessitating the expansion of primary cells in culture prior to therapeutic use. Of concern, human and rodent studies have shown a decline of both MSC recovery from sampled tissue and in vitro proliferative capacity with increasing donor age. This may be problematic for applications of autologous cell-based therapies in the important equine demographic of older patients.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of …

Impact Of Endangered Animal Protection Rights, Policies, And Practices On Zoonotic Disease Spread, Daniella Fedak-Lengel

Honors Projects

Building on field research in Costa Rica and Belize, this honors project analyzes environmental and endangered animal protection policies, rights, and practices in Central America and the Caribbean, and assesses the impact of veterinary science and biological research and practice, particularly conservation biology, on animal welfare concerns. Informed by the recent surge in awareness regarding zoonoses and zoonotic disease transmission, prevention and control, resulting from the current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, the project assesses the need for new and innovative types of collaboration, particularly involving conservation biologists, environmental scientists, public health experts, law and policy makers, and global trade and …

Identification Of Bovine T-Cell Populations Involved In Placental Growth And Development, Kelsy A. Leppo

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

Today, the dairy industry is comprised of cows that can produce around 20,000 pounds of milk in a year, yet producers often see only 30% to 50% of animals produce a live calf after each breeding. While many factors may be at play, there is evidence that the immune system plays a large role in regulating pregnancy and in preventing immune mediated abortions. Maternal immune system changes during pregnancy have been shown to occur both locally in the uterus, which is in direct contact with the placenta, and systemically in the blood. Research in humans and mice has shown that …

The Effects Of Music On Dairy Production, Anneliese Kemp

Honors College Theses

The purpose of this research is to find which genre of music dairy cows produce the most milk to in order to aid dairy farmers in yielding maximum product while also keeping their cattle as comfortable as possible. During each lactation a different genre of music will play, basic vital signs, and behavioral observations of the cows will be taken, then the amount of milk produced during that genre will be measured. First, no music will be played, base line vitals will be taken, and milk yield will be measured. This will give an estimate to how positively or negatively …

Rabbit As A Reservoir Of Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumanniiexpressing The Ade Multidrug Efflux Pumps, Sirawit Pagdepanichkit, Rungtip Chuanchuen

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Acinetobacter baumanniihas emerged as a nosocomial pathogen and considered as a major cause of hospital acquired infections. While A. baumanniiin humans have been extensively studied in various situations, the study of A. baumanniiin companion animals is still limited. The aim of this study was to examine the presence and antimicrobial resistance profile of A. baumanniiisolates from companion rabbits. A total of 17 nasal swab from rabbit carcasses were obtained. A. baumanniiwas detected in 23.53% (4/17) of the samples and all the isolates exhibited resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, spectinomycin and trimethoprim. Fifty percent of the isolates (2/4) were multidrug resistance (MDR) …

Seroprevalence And Risk Factors Of Q Fever In Small Ruminant Flocks In Selected States Of Peninsular Malaysia, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse, Bura Thlama Paul, Hamza Abdirahman Hashi, Eric Lim Teik Chung, Nur Athirah Abdurrahim, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Q fever is caused by Coxiella burnetii, an obligate intracellular parasite which causes abortion and reproductive disorders in domestic animals and febrile illness in man. Earlier studies have detected C. burnetii,including serum antibodies in humans, cattle, sheep and goats in Malaysia. However, the overall seroprevalence status and contributing factors of Q fever among small ruminants in Malaysia are still unexplained. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Q fever among small ruminant flocksin Negeri Sembilan and Terengganu states. To determine the seroprevalence of Q fever among small ruminants, we collected blood samples from a …

Climate Change Is Likely To Increase The Development Rate Of Anthelmintic Resistance In Equine Cyathostomins In New Zealand, Christian W. Sauermann, Dave M. Leathwick, Mark Lieffering, Martin K. Nielsen

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

Climate change is likely to influence livestock production by increasing the prevalence of diseases, including parasites. The traditional practice of controlling nematodes in livestock by the application of anthelmintics is, however, increasingly compromised by the development of resistance to these drugs in parasite populations. This study used a previously developed simulation model of the entire equine cyathostomin lifecycle to investigate the effect a changing climate would have on the development of anthelmintic resistance. Climate data from six General Circulation Models based on four different Representative Concentration Pathways was available for three New Zealand locations. These projections were used to estimate …

Effects Of Astragalus Polysaccharides On The Quality Of Frozen-Thawed Tibetan Boar Spermatozoa And Levels Of Genomic Dna Methylation In The Sperm, Yan-Ling Zhao, Shan-Zheng Li, Zi-Li Ren

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) have strong antioxidant effects and may thus be useful for the preservation of semen at low temperaturesin vitro. However, the effects of APS on the quality of frozen-thawed Tibetan boar sperm have yet to be clarified. Here, the effects of APS on the quality and levels of genomic DNA methylation in Tibetan boar spermatozoawere assessed. Tibetan boar semen was cryopreserved in high-density tubules in freezing extender supplemented with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, or 0.8 g·L-1 APS to determine the optimal concentration of APS. Spermgenomic DNAmethylation levels of the three groups (Fresh grouprepresents freshspermatozoa, No add grouprepresents unsupplemented …

Airborne Bacteria And Affordable Air Purifiers In Small-Animal Hospital, Thailand, Chalalai Rueanghiran, Srisamai Viriyarampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Exposure to bioaerosol in hospitals is associated with health effects but in the field of veterinary hospitals there are limited articles on bioaerosol concentration especially in Southeast Asia. This investigation of aerosol bacteria (cross-sectional study) was conducted in two veterinary teaching hospitals located in Thailand. Airborne bacteria were collected from air samples infour room types (reception hall, intensive care unit, out-patient department and in-patient hospital department) in each hospital using a sieve impactorair sampler at different periods (8:00–10:00, 10:00–12.00 and 13:00–15:00). The results revealed high bacterial contamination in all collected air samples. The average levels of total viable bacteria count …

Surveillance For Influenza Virus In Nonhuman Primates (Nhps) In Thailand, 2009-2018, Wanvisa Surarith, Natthaphat Ketchim, Somjit Chaiwattanarungruengpaisan, Supakarn Kaewchot, Paisin Lekcharoen, Chalisa Mongkolphan, Metawee Thongdee, Weena Paungpin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study conducted a longitudinal serological survey and active surveillance for influenza virus in free-ranging nonhuman primates (NHPs) in Thailand. One hundred and nine serum samples from NHPs were collected between 2009 and 2017, in 4 provinces of Thailand; while 282 oropharyngeal swabs were collected between April to August, 2018, in 8 provinces of Thailand. Our results demonstrated that no antibody to influenza virus was found in NHPseraby using blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay. Moreover, no influenza genome could be detected in all new NHP swab samples by using real-time RT-PCR assay. However, monitoring …

Developing A Rabies Prevention Program Based On Rabies Exposure Data In Nebraska, Jill Oatman

Capstone Experience: Master of Public Health

Eighty-nine percent of Nebraska’s towns are considered rural, with populations of less than 3,000 people and with many towns having less than 1,000 residents. Rural areas consist of crop ground, livestock facilities and regions inhabited by wildlife. Nebraska has two large urban cities, Lincoln and Omaha. Animal and human health in these communities can be greatly impacted by infectious diseases that are transmitted between animals and humans, known as zoonotic diseases. One zoonotic disease of great concern is rabies. Zoonotic diseases not only impact the health of animals and humans, but the social well-being of communities and result in increased …

The Surveillance Of Gastrointestinal Parasitic Nematodes Of Northwest Arkansas Dairy Cattle Using Traditional And Genetic Parasitological Identification Procedures, Eva M. Wray

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Traditional and genetic parasitological identification procedures were compared using naturaland artificial nematode parasite infections in Holstein steer calves. The traditional parasitological procedures measured fecal egg counts, coprocultures with subsequent larval collection and adult nematodes collected at necropsy. The genetic identification procedures measured ITS-2 sequences extracted from different stages of nematode development: raw feces, concentrated nematode eggs, third stage larvae and adults. The primary nematodes observed were Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata and Ostertagia ostertagi. The traditional techniques were not significantly different from one another, while the genetic sequencing showed variation amongst the different procedures. The raw feces sequences showed the most …

Effect Of Feed Additives And Toxic Elements On Swine Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Immune Function And Reproductive Performance, Richard A. Mudarra Hernández

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

To evaluate the effects of peptide in combination of zinc oxide (Zno) or acidifiers (Exp 1), and gossypol (G) from cottonseed meal (CSM) ( Exp 2&3) on growth performance, complete blood cell counts (Exp 1, 2&3), nutrient digestibility (Exp 1), plasma gossypol (Exp 2&3) and semen quality (Exp 3), weaned pigs (Exp 1), growing gilts (Exp 2) and growing boars (Exp 3) were randomly allotted to dietary treatments. Treatments for Exp 1 during phase 1&2 were: (1) Positive Control (PC), formulated to meet NRC (2012) nutrient requirements; (2) Negative control (NC), fish meal was reduced to achieve -0.13% SID lysine; …

The Status Of Antimicrobial Resistance In Campylobacterspp. Isolated From Animals And Humans In Southeast Asia: A Review, Saeid Jafari, Mahdi Ebrahimi, Taradon Luangtongkum

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Campylobacteris considered to be a major foodborne pathogen associated with human bacterial gastroenteritis in many parts of the world. Southeast Asia (SEA) has been challenging for infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance in recent years. Antibiotic resistance in Campylobacterisolates has been reported in humans and animals in this region.Since the SEA region is one of the top tourist destinations of the world, the provision of safe food is of importance for the travel-related foodborne infections. Therefore, it is essential to elucidate the status of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacterspp. in the SEA region to reduce the impact of infection and to implement …

Comparison Between Conventional And Applied Vertebral Heart Score (Vhs) Methods To Evaluate Heart Size In Healthy Thai Domestic Shorthair Cats, Jetsada Rungpupradit, Somchin Sutthigran

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Thoracic radiography is the most common first modality for heart size evaluation and confirming cardiogenic pulmonary edema in cats with suspected heart diseases. The Vertebral Heart Score (VHS) was established as an objective methodfor diagnosing cardiomegaly via thoracic radiography. However, the conventional VHS method is inappropriate for cats with abnormal thoracic vertebrae.Therefore, the applied VHSmethod, which uses the lateral view axis sum divided with the length of each thoracic vertebra (T4, T5 and T6) was created to minimize the limitation of VHS in these cases. This study compared the conventional and the applied VHS methods in healthy Thai domestic shorthair …