Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene Commons^™

Allostatic Load Amplifies The Effect Of Blood Lead Levels On Elevated Blood Pressure Among Middle-Aged U.S. Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study, Ami R. Zota, Edmond R. Shenassa, Rachel Morello-Frosch

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Scientists and regulators have sought to understand whether and how physiologic dysregulation due to chronic stress exposure may enhance vulnerability to the adverse health effects of toxicant exposures. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of physiologic response to chronic exposure to stress, amplifies the effect of lead exposure on blood pressure among middle-aged adults.

Methods

We analyzed associations between blood lead levels and blood pressure in a nationally representative sample of 8,194 U.S. adults (aged 40-65 years) participating in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1999--2008. Outcomes were elevated systolic …

Interaction Between Human Resources Management And Ohs: Preparing Future Managers, Sylvie Gravel, Monique Lortie, Henriette Bilodeau, Jessica Dubé

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Plusieurs disciplines, dont l’ergonomie, la médecine, la toxicologie, l’andragogie et bien d’autres, ont contribué à l’avancement des connaissances en santé et sécurité au travail (SST). Malgré les avancées scientifiques, un défi demeure, celui de développer les habiletés des gestionnaires et de sensibiliser ces derniers à leur rôle dans la prise en charge des mesures correctrices et préventives en matière de santé et de sécurité. Une équipe de professeurs de l’Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) a proposé de relever ce défi en constituant une banque d’études de cas destinée à l’enseignement aux futurs gestionnaires. Les cas ont été élaborés à …

Livestock-Associated Methicillin And Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Is Present Among Industrial, Not Antibiotic-Free Livestock Operation Workers In North Carolina, Jessica L. Rinsky, Maya Nadimpalli, Steve Wing, Devon Hall, Dothula Baron, Lance B. Price, Jesper Larsen, Marc Stegger, Jill Stewart, Christopher D. Heaney

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Objectives

Administration of antibiotics to food animals may select for drug-resistant pathogens of clinical significance, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the United States, studies have examined prevalence of MRSA carriage among individuals exposed to livestock, but prevalence of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) carriage and the association with livestock raised with versus without antibiotic selective pressure remains unclear. We aimed to examine prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility, and molecular characteristics of S. aureus among industrial livestock operation (ILO) and antibiotic-free livestock operation (AFLO) workers and household members in North Carolina.

Methods

Participants in this cross-sectional study were interviewed and provided a …

Factory Laborer Dies When A Car Driven By Coworker Crashes Into Him In Parking Lot, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

On a summer day, a 29-year-old male manufacturing laborer was outside under a small metal stairway in the loading dock area of the manufacturing plant during his lunch break. Another employee entered her car in the employee parking lot to leave on her lunch break. Her car unexpectedly malfunctioned when in reverse, sped backward, and crashed into the stairway under which the worker was taking a break. The collision pushed the metal stairway along the wall of the factory, crushing the worker between the building and the passenger side of the car. Emergency medical services arrived and transported the worker …

The Effect Of The Sphere Standards On The Incidence Of Communicable And Infectious Diseases In A Complex Humanitarian Emergency, Masashi Rotte

Master of Public Health Capstone Presentations

The purpose of this study was to determine what effect achieving the Sphere Standards relating to water and sanitation had on the incidence of communicable diseases in a returnee camp in South Sudan during a complex humanitarian emergency. The water and sanitation infrastructure of the returnee camp was tracked over time until it met the Sphere Standards. The total camp population was also tracked over the same period of time and compared to daily counts of diseases diagnosed in a medical clinic at the camp. A daily incidence of disease was then calculated for each communicable disease that was tracked. …

Day Care Monitor Dies After Crash Of 15-Passenger Van, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the late afternoon of a spring day, a day care van operator and a monitor loaded 16 children into a 15-passenger van. Carrying a total of 18 passengers in the 15-passenger van, the operator and the monitor proceeded to transport the children to their homes. After dropping off two children at their residences, the van was traveling 46-50 mph in the left hand lane headed east in a 35 mph zone on a non-divided four-lane state road. As the van approached a side street on the right, the right rear tire blew out and the van veered sharply to …

Les Effets Additifs Potentiels Associés À Des Expositions Aiguës Par Inhalation De Mélanges De Substances Chimiques : Outil D’Aide À La Gestion Des Situations D’Urgence, Jonathan Côté, François Lemay, Adolf Vyskocil, Marc Baril, Daniel Drolet, Naima El Majidi, France Gagnon, Claude Viau

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Lors de déversements accidentels de substances chimiques dans l’environnement, que ce soit dans le cas d’incidents routiers ou ferroviaires (transport de matières dangereuses), ou encore d’accidents industriels, des travailleurs, des secouristes, des pompiers et même la population générale peuvent être exposés simultanément, sur de courtes périodes, à d’importantes concentrations de plusieurs substances chimiques. Dans de telles situations, une exposition simultanée à plusieurs substances peut induire des risques plus importants pour un travailleur que s’il est exposé successivement à chacun de ces polluants considérés individuellement. Il est donc important, comme le stipulent l’ American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) et …

Impacts Biomécaniques Et Ergonomiques De La Manutention Chez Les Travailleurs Obèses, Philippe Corbeil, André Plamondon, Normand Teasdale, Grant Handrigan, Jasmin Ten Have, Nancy Manzerolle

Rapports de recherche scientifique

L’obésité est un problème émergent qui a des répercussions en santé et en sécurité du travail (SST). La prévalence de blessures musculo-squelettiques chez les individus obèses et les coûts indirects (non médicaux) sont plus élevés que ceux des travailleurs ayant un poids santé. Sachant qu’une hausse soutenue du taux d’obésité chez les travailleurs est observée au Canada, il est important de s’intéresser à la problématique de l’obésité liée au travail. Les risques de blessures au dos survenues au travail sont très élevés et la profession la plus touchée est celle de manutentionnaire. On connait peu l’effet de l’obésité sur les …

Development Of A Method Of Measuring Nanoparticles Penetration Through Protective Glove Materials Under Conditions Simulating Workplace Use, Patricia Dolez, Ludwig Vinches, Gérald Perron, Toan Vu-Khanh, Philippe Plamondon, Gilles L'Espérance, Kevin Wilkinson, Yves Cloutier, Chantal Dion, Ginette Truchon

Rapports de recherche scientifique

En raison de la croissance exponentielle des applications industrielles des nanotechnologies et de l'augmentation associée des risques d'exposition professionnelle aux nanomatériaux, le principe de précaution a été recommandé. Afin de le mettre en œuvre et même s'ils ne doivent être considérés qu'en dernier recours dans la stratégie de maîtrise des risques, des équipements de protection individuelle contre les nanoparticules doivent être disponibles. Dans le but de combler le manque actuel en termes d'outils et de connaissances dans ce domaine, une méthode de mesure de la pénétration des nanoparticules à travers les matériaux de gants de protection dans des conditions simulant …

Exploring Changes In Open Defecation Prevalence In Sub-Saharan Africa Based On National Level Indices, Deise I. Galan, Seung-Sup Kim, Jay P. Graham

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

In sub-Saharan Africa, it is estimated that 215 million people continue to engage in open defecation. This practice facilitates the transmission of diarrheal diseases – one of the leading causes of mortality in children under 5 in sub-Saharan Africa. The main purpose of this study is to: estimate changes in open defecation prevalence between 2005 and 2010 across countries in sub-Saharan Africa; examine the association between national level indices and changes in open defecation prevalence; and assess how many countries can achieve ‘open defecation free status’ by 2015.

Methods

After applying selection criteria, this study analyzed country-level data for …

Analisis Implementasi Sistem Tanggap Darurat Berdasarkan Asosiasi Perlindungan Kebakaran Nasional 1600, Meilissa Ayu Pratiwi, Fatma Lestari, Ridwansyah Ridwansyah

Kesmas

Penelitian kesesuaian pelaksanaan sistem tanggap darurat di PT X menjadi upaya untuk mempersiapkan proses tanggap darurat. Penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi deskriptif analitik ini menggunakan dua jenis data meliputi data primer yang didapatkan melalui wawancara dan observasi, serta data sekunder melalui telaah dokumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kesesuaian implementasi sistem tanggap darurat di PT X Perusahaan Pelayanan Gas dan Minyak, ditinjau dari National Fire Protection Association 1600 (NFPA 1600) tahun 2012. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan kesesuaian implementasi sistem tanggap darurat PT X berdasarkan NFPA 1600 adalah 36,23%, sedangkan ketidaksesuainya adalah 37,60%. Diharapkan dapat mempertimbangkan saran yang diberikan untuk meningkatkan …

Model Kuantitatif Manajemen Kelelahan Dan Beban Kerja Untuk Peningkatan Produktivitas Pekerja Penggilingan Padi, Nur Ulfah, Panuwun Joko Nurcahyo, Irfan Dwiandhono

Kesmas

Sumber daya manusia merupakan aset penting bagi perusahaan dalam rangka peningkatan produk yang dihasilkan, salah satunya adalah sumber daya pekerja. Pekerja dengan beban kerja yang berat akan mengakibatkan terjadinya kelelahan yang pada akhirnya dapat menurunkan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan model kuantitatif manajemen kelelahan dan beban kerja untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei eksplanatori dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan sampel sebanyak 45 pekerja penggilingan padi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel kelelahan kerja maupun beban kerja mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan produktivitas kerja. Model persamaan regresi yang terbentuk adalah produktivitas kerja = -4,188 …

Interventions Pour La Prévention Des Tms : Mesure De L’Exposition Aux Facteurs De Risque Et Aspects Économiques, Daniel Imbeau, Marie-Ève Chiasson, Romain Jallon, Bruno Farbos, Karine Aubry, Nathalie De Marcellis-Warin, Marie St-Vincent

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les troubles musculo-squelettiques (TMS) au dos et aux membres supérieurs constituent un problème majeur ayant des retombées au point de vue humain, social et économique. Ainsi, au cours des dernières années, plusieurs méthodes d'évaluation de l'exposition aux facteurs de risque (MÉEFR) de TMS ont été proposées par la communauté scientifique afin de soutenir les efforts de prévention. Toutefois, relativement peu d'information existe sur l'utilisation pratique de ces différentes méthodes en milieu de travail. Celles-ci sont nombreuses, ce qui complique pour le praticien le choix d'une méthode appropriée au contexte de l'intervention. Aussi, l'évaluation économique d'une intervention en SST est un …

Genome Analysis Of Staphylococcus Aureus St291, A Double Locus Variant Of St398, Reveals A Distinct Genetic Lineage, Marc Stegger, Maliha Aziz, Tomsz Chroboczek, Lance B. Price, Troels Ronco, Kristoffer Kiil, Robert L. Skov, Frederic Laurent, Paal S. Andersen

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus ST291 has been reported as a homologue recombinant double locus variant of the livestock associated S. aureus ST398. However, whole genome sequencing show that ST291 is a unique genetic lineage with highly variable content within its accessory genome compared to both human and livestock associated genome sequenced CC398s.

Truck Driver Dies When Tractor-Trailer Overturns After Leaving Road, Kentucky Injury Prevention And Research Center

Fatality Case Reports--Motor Vehicle

In the early morning hours of a spring day around 5:45 a.m., a 55-year-old male truck driver was driving south on an interstate transporting sheet metal. It is unknown how long he had been driving when he exited from the highway, traveled partially up the ramp, and struck the left side guard rail. The truck left the road, traveled down an embankment and overturned onto its roof. A passing motorist called emergency medical services. The driver was extricated by mechanical means and declared dead at the scene.

To prevent future occurrences of similar incidents, the following recommendations have been made: …

Firefighter Fitness-For-Duty Medical Screening: A Peer Review Quality Improvement Pilot, Julie Collings Rochefort

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Despite the overwhelming evidence that sudden cardiac death is the most frequent cause of firefighter fatalities, many fire departments do not have a program to measure or maintain basic firefighter fitness and health. This project evaluated and compared medical screening outcomes of four industrial fire brigades within a multinational oil and gas corporation and introduced a quality improvement plan. The goal of this project was to apply the evidence and measure outcomes to determine the most effective way to ensure that firefighters in a corporate setting are healthy. This was accomplished by utilizing established guidelines in developing an educational program …

Promosi Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Keterampilan Berpola Hidup Sehat Pada Kelompok Senam, L. Meily Kurniawidjaja, Dadan Erwandi, Ike Pujiriani

Kesmas

Pendirian grup senam masyarakat perkotaan sering dipicu oleh ancaman penyakit jantung koroner dan stroke (penyakit kardiovaskular). Banyak diantara mereka masih berisiko tinggi penyakit kardiovaskular antara lain berat badan lebih dan kadar kolesterol tinggi serta faktor umur dan genetik, tetapi faktor risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat diturunkan dengan pola hidup sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai pengaruh metode promosi kesehatan dengan pendekatan siklus rekognisi, analisis, perencanaan, komunikasi, persiapan, implementasi, evaluasi, dan kelanjutan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap dan praktik ibu-ibu pesenam tentang pola hidup sehat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest and posttest design untuk menilai hasil intervensi pada 60 orang berusia rata-rata 58,26 tahun …

Développement D'Une Procédure De Mesure De L'Efficacité Des Filtres D'Appareils De Protection Respiratoire N95 Contre Les Nanoparticules, Fariborz Haghighat, Ali Bahloul, Jaime Lara, Reza Mostofi, Alireza Mahdavi

Rapports de recherche scientifique

Les risques pour la santé et la sécurité des travailleurs exposés à l’inhalation de nanoparticules (NP) soulèvent de plus en plus d’inquiétudes. Parmi les sources d’émission de nanoparticules en milieu de travail figurent les effluents et les émanations de divers procédés, tels l’ablation et le fraisage laser. Les nanoparticules ont des propriétés potentiellement toxiques, à savoir une surface totale, une concentration en nombre et une réactivité surfacique élevées. Il a été démontré que l’inhalation – la voie d’exposition la plus courante aux nanoparticules – a des effets nocifs sur les fonctions pulmonaires, et que les particules déposées dans les poumons …

Male Circumcision Significantly Reduces Prevalence And Load Of Genital Anaerobic Bacteria, Cindy M. Liu, Bruce A. Hungate, Aaron A.R. Tobian, David Serwadda, Jacques Ravel, Richard Lester, Godfrey Kigozi, Maliha Aziz, Ronald M. Galiwango, Fred Nalugoda, Tania L. Contente-Cuomo, Maria J. Wawer, Paul Keim, Ronald H. Gray, Lance B. Price

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Male circumcision reduces female-to-male HIV transmission. Hypothesized mechanisms for this protective effect include decreased HIV target cell recruitment and activation due to changes in the penis microbiome. We compared the coronal sulcus microbiota of men from a group of uncircumcised controls (n= 77) and from a circumcised intervention group (n = 79) at enrollment and year 1 follow-up in a randomized circumcision trial in Rakai, Uganda. We characterized microbiota using16S rRNA gene-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) and pyrosequencing, log response ratio (LRR), Bayesian classification, nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nMDS), and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PerMANOVA). At baseline, men …

Fall Safety Assessment At The New School Of Public Health And Health Services Building, Amanda Mcqueen, Seung-Sup Kim, Melissa J. Perry

GW Research Days 2013

Objective: Falls are one of the leading causes of workplace death, lost work time, and costs to industry, particularly in construction. The public health burden of falls is significant, as approximately 25% of nonfatal injuries and 38% of fatalities in the general construction industry are due to falls. The goal of this study is to develop an assessment tool to evaluate fall safety in general construction and to evaluate fall safety among five skilled construction trades (i.e. electricians, painters, carpenters, welders, and roofers) throughout different stages of a new building construction project. The project is the new School of Public …