International Public Health Commons^™

Factors Associated With Hiv Testing In Liberia: Findings From The 2013 Demographic Health Survey, Miatta M.E. Dennis

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is among the world’s most serious challenges. The African region is severely affected with nearly one in 25 adults being HIV infected –accounting for over two-thirds of HIV infected people worldwide. In 2013, approximately three in four men and half of women aged 15-49 had never been HIV tested. In 2018, over 7,000 Liberians were HIV positive. Increasing HIV testing rates is the primary step to reducing HIV infection rates. This study examines factors associated with HIV testing behavior among Liberians using the Knowledge Attitude Behavior (KAB) model as a conceptual framework. The 2013 Liberia Demographic …

Disparities In The Prevalence And Risk Factors Of Anaemia Among Children Aged 6–24 Months And 25–59 Months In Ethiopia, Tafere Gebreegziabher Belay, Nigatu Regassa, Micaela Wakefield, Kelly Pritchett, Susan Hawk

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of Education and Professional Studies

Despite global efforts made to address anaemia, the prevalence remains high in most Sub-Saharan African countries. In Ethiopia, anaemia poses a very strong public health concern. The purpose of the present study was to examine the key risk factors related to anaemia among children aged 6–24 months (younger age group) and 25–59 months (older age group). We used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data, collected from 11 023 mothers with under five children. Ordered logistic regression modelling was used for assessing risk factors of childhood anaemia. The results suggest that the prevalence of anaemia was 72 % in …

Determinants Of Maternal Health Services Utility Among Adolescent Mothers In Indonesia : An Analysis Of 2017 Indonesia Demographic And Health Survey, Dewi Nuryana

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) in Indonesia remains high with 305 death per 100,000 live birth in 2015. Approximately 36 of 1000 adolescent girls (15-19 years old) in Indonesia experienced childbirth and face the higher risk for maternal mortality than older women. The aims of this study are to assess maternal health services utility (antenatal care (ANC), delivery services, and postnatal care (PNC)) level and to identify determinants of maternal health services utility among adolescent mothers in Indonesia. The design of this study is cross-sectional survey using secondary data from 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS). The study population is …

Solidarity Vulnerability And Mistrust, Ana Rosa Linde Arias, Maria Roura, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

Background: The public health response to Zika outbreak has mostly focused on epidemiological surveillance, vector control, and individual level preventative measures. This qualitative study employs a social-ecological framework to examine how macro (historical, legislative, political, socio-economic factors), meso (sources of information, social support, social mobilization) and micro level factors (individual actions, behavioral changes) interacted to influence the response and behavior of women with respect to Zika in different contexts. Methods: A qualitative study was carried out. Women were recruited through the snowball sampling technique from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. They were of different nationalities …

Too Much To Ask Too Much To Handle, Ana Rosa Linde Arias, Elisa Tristan-Cheever, Grace Furtado, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

Abstract: Zika virus infection during pregnancy is a cause of congenital brain abnormalities. Its consequences for pregnancies have made governments and both national and international agencies issue advice and recommendations to women. This study was designed to understand the impacts of Zika on women who were less directly affected and less vulnerable to Zika. Women were recruited from various locations in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the United States. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. Women perceived that public health systems placed an unfair responsibility for preventing health complications from Zika onto women who had limited …

Reinventing Privatization, Fabiana Turino, Jonathan Filippon, Francis Sodré, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira

Gastón Institute Publications

The Brazilian state apparatus was reformed throughout the 1990s, influenced by New Public Management (NPM). NPM was embodied in the health care sector by the creation of Social Health Organizations (Organizacões Sociais de Saúde or OSS), private non-profit entities to provide welfare services. We performed a systematic review of the literature outlining the origins and role of OSS in Brazil. Our selected articles (peer-reviewed) cover the origins/performance of OSS and their services provision between 1998 and 2018, in English or Portuguese. Databases used were Lilacs, Bireme, Medline, Pubmed, and SciELO. We identified 4,732 articles applying a pre-defined set of descriptors, …

Entrevista Ccs, Carlos Eduardo Siqueira, Leila B Göttems, Luciano De Paula Camilo

Gastón Institute Publications

No abstract provided.

Covid-19: A Simple Curve Approximation Tool, Jane Courtney

Articles

In the current COVID-19 pandemic, much focus is put on ‘flattening the curve’. This ‘curve’ refers to the cases versus time graph, which shows the rise of a disease to its peak before descending. The aim in a pandemic is to flatten this curve by reducing the peak and spreading out the timeline. However, the models used to predict this curve are often not clearly outlined, no model parameters are given, and models are not tested against real data. This lack of detail makes it difficult to recreate the curve from these models. What is much needed is a simple …

What The Covid-19 Crisis Is Telling Humanity, David Wiebers, Valery Feigin

Animal Sentience

The planet is in a global health emergency exacting enormous medical and economic tolls. It is imperative for us as a society and species to focus and reflect deeply upon what this and other related human health crises are telling us about our role in these increasingly frequent events and about what we can do to prevent them in the future.

Cause: It is human behavior that is responsible for the vast majority of zoonotic diseases that jump the species barrier from animals to humans: (1) hunting, capture, and sale of wild animals for human consumption, particularly in live-animal markets; …

Mers-Cov Infection In South Korea And Strategies For Possible Future Outbreak: Narrative Review, Chulwoo Park

Faculty Publications

Although there were some positive viewpoints from international press and academia that the Republic of Korea (hereafter South Korea) successfully controlled the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in 2015, the domestic point of view towards the MERS response in South Korea was critical. As people in the world’s 11th largest economy, South Koreans criticized the failure of hospitals’ initial response to the MERS index case and the lack of a proper control strategy for secondary and tertiary cases. To contain the MERS outbreak, South Korea implemented mainly three MERS control and intervention strategies: quarantine and isolation system, temporary closure …

The Impact Of Income On Nutrition. A Case Study Of Northern Mozambique, Hunter Swanigan

Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Undergraduate Honors Theses

In 2017, Mozambique ranked as one of the least-developed countries in the world by measures of health, education, and income, and had one of the lowest GDP per capita at $1,300. With a minimal income, purchasing adequate food to meet recommended levels of nutrients for a healthy diet is difficult, leaving almost half of the country’s population undernourished. This study researched what foods are available during the dry months (hungry season) of May through October in the Nampula province of Mozambique to analyze if it is possible to meet the National Institutes of Health’s recommended levels of nutrients from purchasing …

Les Pharmacies Privées Dans L’Offre De Services De Planification Familiale Au Sénégal : Une Étude Pilote, Fatou Mbow, Dela Nai, Sara Chace Dwyer, Aparna Jain, Babacar Mane

Reproductive Health

Sur la base de l'étude exploratoire menée par le Projet Evidence au Sénégal entre 2015 et 2016, avec un soutien financier supplémentaire de la Fondation William et Flora Hewlett, ce rapport technique documente les résultats d'une étude pilote sur l’offre des services de planification familiale (FP) par les pharmacies privées dans la région de Dakar. Le rapport détaille également les enseignements de valeur tirés de la mise en œuvre de l’étude dans le contexte du Sénégal. Ces résultats contribuent aux discussions politiques en cours au Sénégal concernant l'intégration des pharmacies privées dans la prestation des services de PF.

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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Pathogenesis In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Julio A. Ramirez, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Plasma Cysteine/Cystine And Glutathione/Glutathione Disulfide Redox Potentials In Hiv And Copd Patients., Walter H. Watson, Jeffrey D. Ritzenthaler, Paula Peyrani, Timothy L. Wiemken, Stephen P. Furmanek, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Tom J. Burke, Yuxuan Zheng, Julio A. Ramirez, Jesse Roman

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is prevalent in patients infected with HIV. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that systemic oxidation correlates with loss of lung function in subjects with COPD, and that HIV infection can contribute to creating such an environment. Subjects were recruited at the University of Louisville in the following groups: HIV-infected (n = 36), COPD (n = 32), HIV and COPD (n = 28), and uninfected controls with normal lung function (n = 34). HIV infection was assessed by viral load and CD4 cell counts. Pulmonary function was determined by spirometry …

Patient And Provider Perspectives On How Trust Influences Maternal Vaccine Acceptance Among Pregnant Women In Kenya, Stacy W. Nganga, Nancy A. Otieno, Maxwell Adero, Dominic Ouma, Sandra S. Chaves, Jennifer R. Verani, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Andrew Wilson, Irina Bergenfeld, Courtni Andrews, Vincent L. Fenimore, Ines Gonzalez-Casanova, Paula M. Frew, Saad B. Omer, Fauzia A. Malik

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background Pregnant women and newborns are at high risk for infectious diseases. Altered immunity status during pregnancy and challenges fully vaccinating newborns contribute to this medical reality. Maternal immunization is a strategy to protect pregnant women and their newborns. This study aimed to find out how patient-provider relationships affect maternal vaccine uptake, particularly in the context of a lower middle- income country where limited research in this area exists. Methods We conducted semi-structured, in-depth narrative interviews of both providers and pregnant women from four sites in Kenya: Siaya, Nairobi, Mombasa, and Marsabit. Interviews were conducted in either English or one …

Association Of Urine Levels Of C-Reactive Protein With Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Pneumonia: A Pilot Study, Subathra Marimuthu, Vidyulata Salunkhe, Stephen P. Furmanek, Leslie A Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Finding relevant biomarkers as a potential predictor of severity for patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia (CAP), in addition to the clinical scoring system, could advance progress towards more effective patient management. The inflammatory marker, C-reactive protein (CRP), which is elevated in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases, may be a key biomarker target for CAP. Previous studies have shown that serum CRP may be a useful diagnostic marker for pneumonia in hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms. The main aims of this study were to determine the correlation between serum and urine CRP levels in hospitalized patients with CAP, …

La Comunicación Intercultural Entre Pacientes Bolivianos Y Trabajadores De Salud En Buenos Aires, Argentina / Intercultural Communication Between Bolivian Patients And Health-Care Workers In Buenos Aires, Argentina, Lilly Snellman

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Según la Ley de Migraciones 25.871 de 2004, los inmigrantes en Argentina tienen el mismo derecho a la atención médica que los argentinos nativos. El sistema de salud argentina es uno de los más inclusivos en el mundo, pero todavía hay barreras al acceso para comunidades e individuos marginados. Muchas veces los migrantes bolivianos son discriminados en la sociedad argentina por sus rasgos raciales, bajo nivel socioeconómico y diferencias culturales. Tres clases importantes de barreras para el acceso a la atención médica para los migrantes son las económicas, estructurales y comunicativas. En este estudio, decidí enfocarme en las brechas de …

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome On Health Information Websites: How Much Credible They Are?, Shahabedin Rahmatizadeh, Saeideh Valizadeh-Haghi, Arefeh Kalavani, Nadereh Fakhimi

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Background: The most recent MERS outbreak has raised questions about prevention and symptoms since there is currently no vaccine to prevent MERS. People can help protect themselves from this illness by taking everyday preventive actions. To do so, it is helpful to get medical information on the Internet about this illness. Regarding the importance of ensuring the provision of accurate online information, the aim of this study was to assess the credibility of health websites about MERS by using HONcode tool.

Materials and methods: The term “MERS” was searched in Google, Yahoo, and Bing and the first three pages …

Burdern Of Chronic Health Conditions And Healthcare Utilization Among Mobile Populations In Sub-Saharan Africa, Elizabeth M. Ortiz

Dissertations and Theses

Background: Much of public health research in sub-Saharan Africa on mobile occupations, such as truck drivers and sex workers, has focused on HIV risk. However, evidence is emerging to suggest that the HIV epidemic among these groups is coupled with a high prevalence of chronic health conditions (CHC), specifically hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. For people living with HIV, increased risk of CHC may also be linked to HIV-related chronic inflammatory cascade. In Africa, there has been little research on CHC risk factors or patterns of healthcare utilization among mobile populations. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to examine the …

An Overview Of The Health Profile Of Syrian Refugees Arriving In Kentucky From 2012-2017, Camila Calderon, Annie Rominger

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Background:

The civil unrest in Syria has led to millions of displaced Syrians. The United States has relocated over 15,000 Syrian refugees, mostly arriving since 2015. Little is known about the health of Syrian refugees entering the United States.

Methods:

Syrian refugees in Kentucky who had a medical screening and documented RHA from October 2012 to September 2017 were included in the study. The information is collected and stored in the Arriving Refugee Informatics Surveillance and Epidemiology (ARIVE) database. This study is a retrospective review of the ARIVE database to describe the general health of the Syrian refugees …