Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons^™

Hematological Profile And Gametocyte Carriage In Malaria Patients From Southern Pakistan, Najia Karim Ghanchi, Mohammad Hassaan Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Arain, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Ahmed Raheem Buksh, Muhammad A. Khan, Mohammad A. Beg

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Malarial infection is a major cause of concern, both worldwide and in Pakistan. Gametocytes are the sexual forms of the parasite that are essential for transmission. They fuse inside the mosquito to develop sporozoites. Gametocytes of the plasmodium parasites, which cause the infection, differentiate into male and female gametocytes. These gametocytes constitute the sexual stage of the malaria parasite and are essential in transmission of the disease from human to vector Anopheles. Gametocytes are affected by factors such as host immunity, drug treatment, reticulocytemia, anemia, low levels of asexual parasitemia and stress to the parasite. The aim of this …

A Woman With A Lung Infiltrate And Brain Abscesses: Case Discussion From The University Of Louisville Hospital, Veronica Corcino, Viswanathan Nagarajan, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Pneumonia Severity Indices As Mortality Predictors, Connor L. English, Thomas Chandler, Brian E. Guinn, Stephen P. Furmanek, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

BACKGROUND

The leading cause of infectious disease death in the United States is community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several pneumonia severity indices exist and are widely used as tools to assist physicians regarding site of care based on risk of death. However, limited data exists that discerns which of the most commonly used severity scores is the best predictor of mortality across multiple time points. The objective of this study is to determine the best mortality predictor at different time points between four of the most commonly used pneumonia severity scores.

METHODS

This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter, population-based, …

A Man With Acute Severe Pneumonia: Case Discussion From The University Of Louisville Hospital, Viswanathan Nagarajan, Srinivas R. Dontineni, Veronica Corcino, Forest W. Arnold

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Current And Future Antiviral Medications To Treat Influenza: Mechanisms Of Action, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Evaluating Quality Of Contraceptive Counseling: An Analysis Of The Method Information Index, Karen T. Chang, Mulenga Mukanu, Ben Bellows, Waqas Hameed, Amanda M. Kalamar, Karen A. Grépin, Xaher Gul, Nirali M. Chakraborty

Community Health Sciences

The Method Information Index (MII) is calculated from contraceptive users' responses to questions regarding counseling content-whether they were informed about methods other than the one they received, told about method-specific side effects, and advised what to do if they experienced side effects. The MII is increasingly reported in national surveys and used to track program performance, but little is known about its properties. Using additional questions, we assessed the consistency between responses and the method received in a prospective, multicountry study. We employed two definitions of consistency: (1) presence of any concordant response, and (2) absence of discordant responses. Consistency …

An Iterative Process For Training Design And Implementation Increased Health Workers' Knowledge For Taking Nutrition Behavior Change To Scale, Wendy Gonzalez, Anabelle Bonvecchio Arenas, Armando García-Guerra, Mireya Vilar-Compte, Alejandría Villa De La Vega, Laura Quezada, Cynthia Rosas, Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes, Amira Hernández

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

The shortage of skilled, motivated, and well-supported health workers is a major barrier to scaling up nutrition interventions and services. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the process for developing and implementing a training of health personnel for the delivery of the Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN), an evidence-based strategy for promoting infant and young child feeding through primary health care in Mexico. The specific objective is to provide a case study and highlight challenges, as well as elements to successfully mitigate these, and discuss potential applications of findings beyond the Mexican context. Methods: The …

Development Of A Real-Time Pcr Assay For Pneumocystis Jirovecii On The Luminex Aries® Platform, Subathra Marimuthu, Kuldeep Ghosh, Leslie A Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection caused by the fungus Pneumocystis jirovecii. Infection with P. jirovecii can result in serious illness in patients with a weakened immune system, and can lead to death if it is not properly diagnosed and treated. Direct detection of P. jirovecii in lower respiratory tract specimens such as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is preferred for rapid diagnosis, a laboratory service currently not available locally. We report here the development of a diagnostic real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay using BAL specimens to detect P. jirovecii. By targeting the multi-copy mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal …

Feeling Green: The Benefits Of Green Space On Urbanites' Mental Health, Kathryn A. Hoagland

Liberal Arts and Engineering Studies

This investigation intends to determine the best methods for incorporating public green space into dense urban areas, for the betterment of residents' mental health. Data from studies showing differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression in urban and rural areas are discussed alongside data from studies looking at the effect that certain types of green space might have on mental health. While there is no exact consensus on the extent to which nature has positive effects on mental health there is enough of a correlation to argue for the implementation of public green spaces in urban design, in order …

Implementation Science Research Examining The Integration Of Evidence-Based Practices Into Hiv Prevention And Clinical Care: Protocol For A Mixed-Methods Study Using The Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, And Sustainment (Epis) Model, April Idalski Carcone, Karin Coyle, Sitaji Gurung, Demetria Cain, Rafael E. Dilones, Laura Jadwin-Cakmak, Jeffrey T. Parsons, Sylvie Naar

Publications and Research

BACKGROUND: The Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) model is an implementation framework for studying the integration of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into real-world settings. The EPIS model conceptualizes implementation as a process starting with the earliest stages of problem recognition (Exploration) through the continued use of an EBP in a given clinical context (Sustainment). This is the first implementation science (IS) study of the integration of EBPs into adolescent HIV prevention and care settings.

OBJECTIVE: This protocol (ATN 153 EPIS) is part of the Scale It Up program, a research program administered by the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS …

Unintentional Bathtub Drowning Deaths Among Those Aged 65 Years And Older In Australia, Amy E. Peden, Richard C. Franklin, John H. Pearn M.D., Alison J. Mahony

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

When compared with other age groups, fatal drowning rates among seniors have stayed static. This study identifies causal factors in unintentional bathtub drowning deaths among people aged 65 years and over. This study is a 10-year (2003-2012) total population retrospective survey of all unintentional bathtub (baths, spa baths and showers) drowning deaths afflicting people aged 65 years and over. Data were sourced from the Australian National Coronial Information System. Risk factors and circumstantial variables were analysed including sex, age, activity prior to drowning, alcohol, drugs, pre-existing medical conditions, living circumstances, time until found, and performance of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR). There …

Organizational Wellness Programs As Internal Social Marketing: A Literature Review Of Feasible Approaches, Faith Bontrager Rn, Bsn, Kimball P. Marshall Ph.D.

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Can You Float? Part 2 - Perceptions And Practice Of Lifejacket Use Among Young Adults, Kevin Moran Ph.D.

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

Personal flotation devices (PFDs), commonly referred to as lifejackets, have been identified as an extremely effective form of drowning prevention and was identified as a critical distinct water competency by Stallman and colleagues (2017). In this second phase of the Can You Float? study, perceptions and practice of a range of lifejacket tasks among students (N = 40) with known water proficiency were examined. Participants estimated exertion levels before and after practical testing of six simulated survival tasks when wearing lifejackets. All participants completed a 25m sprint swim, 5-minute endurance swim, 5-minute float, and 25m partner assist but many …

Racial And Income Disparities In Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Smokers With A Quit Attempt In Louisiana, Yu-Hsiang Kao, Michael D. Celestin, Qingzhao Yu, Sarah Moody-Thomas, Krysten Jones-Winn, Tung-Sung Tseng

School of Public Health Faculty Publications

Smoking is associated with a lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, there is little information about the association between HRQOL in relation to race, income, and smoking status. The present study aimed to assess the association between HRQOL and smoking status for those of different races and income levels. This study applied a cross-sectional design using data from the 2017 patient survey of the Louisiana Tobacco Control Initiative. We obtained 1108 responses from patients at eight Louisiana public hospitals. The EuroQol (EQ-5D) US index score assessed HRQOL. Smoking status was classified into four groups: never smoked, former smoker, current …

Cocreating With Stakeholders Through Participatory Curriculum Development, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Health and Wellness

Participatory curriculum development (PCD) is an approach to forming a working relationship between researchers and decisionmakers. The purpose of this relationship is to work together to create products that benefit the people who use them. During the PCD process, the researchers receive feedback from the decisionmakers, or stakeholders, about how the products work and any changes that could be made to improve them. This approach is called integrated knowledge translation.

Triennial Scientific Review: Assisting Drowning Victims: Effective Water Rescue Equipment For Lay-Responders, Angela K. Beale-Tawfeeq

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

The original question addressed in the scientific review was What is the most effective piece of rescue equipment for a lay responder to throw to a person in trouble in water? and the modified question was rephrased as What are the most effective types of aquatic rescue equipment for a layperson/bystander to use to rescue a drowning person? To thoroughly analyze the main question, the following sub-questions were examined: What are the most accurate and buoyant types of devices? What specific equipment is best for quick rescues? What specific equipment can be grasped most easily by drowning victims? This …

Towards Multi-Lingual Pneumonia Research Data Collection Using The Community-Acquired Pneumonia International Cohort Study Database, William A. Mattingly, Kimberley A. Buckner, Senen Pena

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: Although multilingual interfaces are preferred by most users when they have a choice, organizations are often unable to support and troubleshoot problems involving multiple user languages. Software that has been structured with multiple languages and data interlinking considerations early in its development is more likely to be easily maintained. We describe the process of adding multilingual support to the CAPO international Cohort study database using REDCap.

Methods: Using Google Translate API we extend the supported Spanish language version of REDCap to the most recent version used by CAPO, 8.1.4. We then translate the English data dictionary for CAPO to …

Intimate Partner Violence Among Expectant Adolescent Couples: Psychological And Relational Predictors And Sexual Risk, Jessica Lewis

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is prevalent and tends to be bilateral in adolescent relationships. Expectant adolescent couples are at even higher risk. Using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM), this study sought to: (1) describe the patterns of physical/sexual and psychological IPV victimization of women and men in expectant adolescent couples from pregnancy through twelve months postpartum; (2) examine the associations between psychosocial and relational factors during pregnancy and postpartum IPV; and (3) investigate the relationship between IPV victimization and later sexual risk across the perinatal period.

METHODS: Data were collected from pregnant adolescents and their male partners (N=296) recruited …

Clinical Research In Pneumonia: Role Of Artificial Intelligence, Timothy L. Wiemken, Robert R. Kelley, William A. Mattingly, Julio A. Ramirez

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

No abstract provided.

Equalization Of Four Cardiovascular Risk Algorithms After Systematic Recalibration: Individual-Participant Meta-Analysis Of 86 Prospective Studies, Lisa Pennells, Stephen Kaptoge, Angela Wood, Mike Sweeting, Xinghui Zhao, Carlos J. Crespo, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Aims: There is debate about the optimum algorithm for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk estimation. We conducted head-to-head comparisons of four algorithms recommended by primary prevention guidelines, before and after ‘recalibration’, a method that adapts risk algorithms to take account of differences in the risk characteristics of the populations being studied.

Methods and results: Using individual-participant data on 360 737 participants without CVD at baseline in 86 prospective studies from 22 countries, we compared the Framingham risk score (FRS), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), pooled cohort equations (PCE), and Reynolds risk score (RRS). We calculated measures of risk discrimination …