The In-Flight Affective Brain: Decision Making Under Uncertainty And Safety Implications In Aviation,
2017
Wright State University
The In-Flight Affective Brain: Decision Making Under Uncertainty And Safety Implications In Aviation, Mariateresa Sestito, Francesca Benuzzi, Seongmin Park, Pierre Wydoodt, Umberto Scoditti, Giacomo Pavesi, Paolo Frigio Nichelli, Jean-Claude Dreher
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Understanding the relation betweenmotivation and pilot impulsive decision-making is extremely important in the context of aviation human factors.One way to operationalize motivation is by presentingparticipantswith different reinforces, either primary (e.g. food rewards) or secondary (e.g. financial incentives,arguably playinga crucial role in in-flight decision-making).To establish the role that different reward systems play in decision-making, we tested the extent to which distinct brain regions aresensitive to the reinforcement content. Combininganeuro-economics approach with a voxel-based lesion method, we foundthat distinct regions within orbito-frontal cortex (OFC) are differentially involved in impulsivitydecisionsbased on the reinforcement type. In contrast, lesions in dorsolateral prefrontalcortex (DLPFC) were not …
Interactive Team Cognition: Do Gaze Data Also Tell The Story?,
2017
Wright State University
Interactive Team Cognition: Do Gaze Data Also Tell The Story?, Kirk Schulze Kissing, Carmen Bruder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Gaze-data could befeasible to assessinteractions within smallgroups, and provide added value for the assessment of ‘team cognition’(c.f., Cooke et al., 2013). In thesynthetic Control Center Task Environment (ConCenT) 18 teamsof three arecollectively monitoringan array of displays and predictingmalfunctions, indicated by a setpoint kickbacks.To locate potential malfunctions they have tocollaboratively determine system dynamicspatterns. Within-team expectations are measuredby gaze parameters related to situational relevantareas of interest (AoI). Within-team standard errors (SE) in fixation frequencies areutilized for post-hoc classifications of teams according to gaze-behavior homogenity. The amount of attentional resources teams allocated to relevant AoIsincreasesduring critical phases, with a change ofemphasis between the …
Exploring Facilitated Debriefing Techniques Using A Diary Study,
2017
Wright State University
Exploring Facilitated Debriefing Techniques Using A Diary Study, Shawn Pruchnicki Ms, Arjun H. Rao Ph.D
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Diary studies, when used as a qualitative research instrument, provide numerous advantages not possible with other methods. These differences become even more apparent when comparing diary study results to the vastly different quantitative type paradigms. Although less commonly used, their unique benefit to the researcher is both the volume and nature of the open-endeddata captured.This underutilized method offers the researcher an opportunity to discovera rich first person account of the experiences, feelings, observations, and solutions to challenges.Here we present the beginning of a research study where we employed a diary studymethod to discover specific behavioursand observations from the perspective of …
Data-Driven Staffing Recommendations For Air Traffic Control Towers,
2017
Wright State University
Data-Driven Staffing Recommendations For Air Traffic Control Towers, Linda G. Pierce, Terry L. Craft
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The FAA is interested in an optimalstrategy for placing air traffic controllers into high-level Terminal facilities.Ourresearch question is whether new hire trainees (developmentals) should begin field training at lower-level facilities and transfer to higher-level facilities later, if successfulat the lower-level facility,or begin training at a higher-level facility and transfer to a lower-level facility if unsuccessful? We compared the success rates of developmentalsplaced into medium- and high-level Terminal facilities after completing Academy training to the success rates of certified professional controllers (CPCs)allowed to transferafter completing field training at a lower-level facility. We found that the CPCs who began training at a …
Effects Of Coupling An Operational Philosophy And A Corporate Culture In A Sociotechnical System,
2017
Wright State University
Effects Of Coupling An Operational Philosophy And A Corporate Culture In A Sociotechnical System, Oleksandr Petrenko, Oleg Petrenko
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The article is considered the content, functions and displays of operating philosophy. Suggested the additional model for the analysis of areas of possible incompatibilities in the structure of human factors in view of the "operating philosophy" genesis and manifestations. The results of an empirical study of the interrelationship of the professional worldview on human factor issues and judgments on the desirable socio-cultural characteristics of ATS units among begining air traffic controllers are presented.
Periodic Blink Measures Using Dynamic Windowing,
2017
Wright State University
Periodic Blink Measures Using Dynamic Windowing, Matt Middendorf, Chelsey Credlebaugh, Christina Gruenwald, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Artificial neural network (ANN) modelsare a common tool forcognitive state assessment. It is best if the inputs to the model are periodic. Typically, these inputs are extractedfrom physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), and others. Spectral measures derived from EEG data are periodic due to the signal processing. Features based on heart activity and respiration are quasi-periodic by nature. Features extracted from EOG, such as blink rate, can be especiallynon-periodic and can contain outliers. One approach to deal with this problem is to use static windows to compute average blink rate. This approach has some …
An Investigation Into The Information Requirements For Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew When Dealing With Cyber Threats,
2017
Wright State University
An Investigation Into The Information Requirements For Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew When Dealing With Cyber Threats, Dr. Kristen K. Liggett, Peter Venero, Dr. Gina Thomas
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) crews of the future will encounter more than the traditional threats to their aircraft. In addition to air-to-air and surface-to-air missiles, future conflicts will most likely include cyber weapons. While cyber weapons cancertainly cause physical damage to these aircraft, the potential also exists to turn the friendly RPA against their own forces. The goal of the Resilient and Assured UASSystems and Operations (RAUSO) program is to develop a cyber security module (CSM) that will detect and defend RPAs from cyber attacks. In some cases, the CSM will need to act automatically to defeat the threat. In …
Adaptive Automation Based On Air Traffic Controller Decision-Making,
2017
Wright State University
Adaptive Automation Based On Air Traffic Controller Decision-Making, M. Ijtsma, C. Borst, G.A. Mercado-Velasco, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Through smart scheduling and triggering of automation support, adaptive automation has the potential to balance air traffic controller workload. The challenge in the design of adaptive automation systems isto decide how and when the automation should provide support. This paper describes the design of a novel mechanismfor adaptively invoking automation support. Whereas most adaptive automation support systems are reactive in that they invoke automation support aftercontroller workload has increased, the aim of the designed mechanism is to proactively trigger automation support priorto workload increases. To do this, the mechanism assesses the quality of air traffic controller's decisions. The …
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design (Part 2: Results),
2017
Wright State University
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design (Part 2: Results), Sylvain Hourlier, Xavier Servantie
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Consumer market touch screens ubiquity has driventhe avionics industry to launch in depth evaluations of touch screen forcockpit integration. This paperis a follow-up from ISAP 2015 paperwhere a methodology for turbulence simulation design wasdiscussed. One of the challenges wasto verify touch screen compatibility with in flight use under turbulent conditions, ranging fromlightto severe. The avionics industryrecognized early on the need to alleviate such usability risk and the results of our evaluationsenabled us to define recommendations for our HMI designs. Using our validated turbulent profiles, basic touch screen interaction performances were analyzedand this paper will focus on the results we gathered …
Facilitating Communication For Aviation Training And Maintenance,
2017
Wright State University
Facilitating Communication For Aviation Training And Maintenance, Lorraine E. Holtaway, Kyle Jackson, Sarah M. Hubbard Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Maintenance errors are the primary cause of approximately 8% of commercial aircraft accidents worldwide. One factor that contributes to human errors is miscommunication. Clear communication is critical in aviation education and in aviation maintenance operations. A fundamental concept for clear communication is both the transmission and receipt of a common message. This research explores the miscommunication and misinterpretation of instructions used in maintenance training. Miscommunicationmay be due to ambiguity, use of jargon, and differentindividual interpretations and methods for standard practices. First, an example of a commonly misunderstood process is identified. Next, enhanced training tools are developed to reduce the likelihood …
Using Pair-Wise Rankings In The Assessment Of Adaptive Aiding,
2017
Wright State University
Using Pair-Wise Rankings In The Assessment Of Adaptive Aiding, Christina Gruenwald, Matt Middendorf, Chelsea Credlebaugh, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
In remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations, operator cognitive workload is an important concern. High workload couldresult in performance decrements and operational mishaps. In research, physiological data can beused by models to assess the operator’s cognitive state. When a model detects the onset of cognitive overload, assistance could thenbe provided to the operator to help mitigate the overload in some form of augmentation. However, it is imperative that the assessment is accurate and completed in a timely manner. The accuracy of a workload assessment model and augmentation application canbe evaluated using a psychometrically determined scale of man/machine conditions. Both the operator …
Design Considerations For Attitude State Awareness And Prevention Of Entry Into Unusual Attitudes,
2017
Wright State University
Design Considerations For Attitude State Awareness And Prevention Of Entry Into Unusual Attitudes, Kyle K.E. Ellis, Lawrence J. (Lance) Prinzel Iii, Jarvis J. (Trey) Arthur, Stephanie N. Nicholas, Captain Daniel Kiggins, Harry Verstynen, Captain Clay Hubbs, Captain James Wilkerson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Loss of control –inflight (LOC-I) has historically represented the largest category of commercial aviation fatal accidents. A review of the worldwide transport airplane accidents (2001-2010) evinced that loss of attitude or energy state awareness was responsible for a large majority of the LOC-I events. A Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) study of 18 worldwide loss-of-control accidents and incidents determined that flight crew loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness due to lack of external visual reference cues was a significant causal factor in 17 of the 18 reviewed flights. CAST recommended that “Virtual Day-Visual Meteorological Condition” (Virtual Day-VMC) displays …
Incomplete Knowledge Of Results And The Manipulation Of Response Bias,
2017
Wright State University
Incomplete Knowledge Of Results And The Manipulation Of Response Bias, Matthew J. Davis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
In signal detection theory, an optimal observer exploits all available information to achieve the desired goal of a particular decision strategy (Green & Swets, 1966). Detectionexperiments often provide the observer with complete knowledge of results (CKR) in order to ensure best possible performance for the task. If optimal behavior is indeed dependent upon CKR, then a degradation of that information should also reduce the likelihood of achieving optimal response bias. A single-interval auditory detection experiment was conducted to measure changes in response bias in the presence of incomplete knowledge of results(IKR) (i.e. feedback for some combination of true/false detections …
Longitudinal Safety Climate Analysis: Modeling For Enhanced Organizational Response,
2017
Wright State University
Longitudinal Safety Climate Analysis: Modeling For Enhanced Organizational Response, Erin E. Bowen, Brian J. Roggow
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Much of the safety climate research captures only a transient state in the aviation environment, by extension limiting organizational responses to transactional approaches. The limits of the transient annual safety climate audit traps safety attitudinal/behavioral research in a static or reactive cycle. The present study takes advantage of a collegiate aviation environment with multiple training locations (each with its own culture), participating in regular safety climate audits across flight operations, to develop an enhanced safety culture model. Using longitudinal climate data collected from the organization, the authors present a mixed-methods trend analysis of safety climate changes to date, incorporating organizational …
Relationship Between Relational Energy, Emotional Labor, And Cognitive Flexibility Among Flight Attendants,
2017
Wright State University
Relationship Between Relational Energy, Emotional Labor, And Cognitive Flexibility Among Flight Attendants, Rithi Baruah
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The primary aim of the civil avaiation insdustry is to work for the safety and comfort of their clients and customers. This study concentrated on the front line employees of the aviation industry, the flight attendants who are paid to smile.Energy at workplace is a fairly new concept and is an organisational resource which help employee attain their goals. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between relational energy and the major issue of emotional labor(deep acting and surface acting)and cognitive flexibility among flight attendants. A correlational research design was used to study the relationship among 39 …
An Investigation Of Minimum Information Requirements For An Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid Traffic Display,
2017
Wright State University
An Investigation Of Minimum Information Requirements For An Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid Traffic Display, Kevin W. Williams
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
This study was conducted to support the development of Minimum Operational Performance Specifications for UAS Detect and Avoid traffic displays being developed by RTCA Special Committee 228.The experiment tested four different display configurations. Thesewere a baseline display, an indication of Closest Point of Approach (CPA), an avoidance area (blob) indication, and a banding display. Also manipulated in the study weretwo levels of pilot experience and two types of control interface.Analysis of the well clear violations showed a significant effect due to display type. Individual comparisons revealed that both the avoidance areaand banding displays significantly decreased the likelihood of violating well …
The Oculometer Training Tape Technique: The Revival,
2017
Wright State University
The Oculometer Training Tape Technique: The Revival, Carolina Diaz-Piedra, Andres Catena, Luis J. Fuentes, Leandro L. Di Stasi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The oculometer training tape technique (OT 3 ) aimsto enhance aviation training by 1) allowing theflightinstructors to provide real-time feedback, 2) improving debriefing sessions by playing back the traineepilot’s scan behavior, and 3) editing didactic videos based on the scan behavior of experienced pilots. Despite the original positive evaluations ofits usefulness, the OT 3 hasfailed to gain traction in aviation training programs. This is probably due to the technical difficulties as well as the intrusiveness/bulkiness of the equipment needed. Modern non-intrusive eye trackers,integrated witha forward facing scene-camera, can record pilots’ eye movements and, simultaneously, capture what the pilot sees. Here, …
A Dynamic System Simulation Device To Define Human-System Interface Requirements For The Dassault Rafale,
2017
Wright State University
A Dynamic System Simulation Device To Define Human-System Interface Requirements For The Dassault Rafale, Daniel Hauret, Julien Donnot
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Our study aimedto collect enhancement proposals of Rafale fighter aircraft human-system interface. Proposals had to be innovative and complied with the needs of information for pilots regarding Rafale future capabilities. We developed amethodology based on a device enabling the simulation of a dynamic system activity that is theRafale integrated in its war environment. Creativity of front line pilots participating inthis experimentation has been stimulated but constraint by the necessity ofa useful production due to the risks associated to the modification of a fighter aircraft already operating since 2006. Each proposal has been analyzed and synthetized through the abstraction hierarchy model …
Effects Of An Ecological Interface On Flight Training Effectiveness,
2017
Wright State University
Effects Of An Ecological Interface On Flight Training Effectiveness, Ronald Deerenberg, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Clark Borst, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
For Ecological Interface Design (EID), the underlying constraints and properties of an operator’s work domain are analysed and used as a basis for the design of the information displays, so that these may reveal these underlying mechanisms. Most evaluations for EID have been performed with expertor trained participants. However, it can be hypothesised that the effects of EID will alsochange the way tasks are learned by novices; since the EID designs support direct manipulation, and at the same time show the constraints in the work domain, a novice would be able to performthe task as a skill, employing the direct …
Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training,
2017
Wright State University
Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training, David Gayraud, Nadine Matton, Andre Tricot
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Wedesigned a specific SA training module and tested whether it would enhance the SA competency of pilot trainees during initial training. Twelve pilot trainees took part to the empirical phase of the study. They were pseudo-randomly assigned to two conditions, the experimental group (n=6) who received the SA training module and the control group (n=6) who did not receive any specific SA training. All pilot trainees were assessed during a flight simulator session in order to evaluate objectively their levels of SA (SAGAT, Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, Endsley, 1995). Results highlighted that the SA levels …
