Other Psychiatry and Psychology Commons^™

Individual Differences In Perception And Performance Of Advanced Navigation Systems, Andre Garcia, Jesse Eisert, John Payne, Carryl L. Baldwin, Victor Finomore

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We examined individual differences in use and preference for tactile route guidance formats. Participants drove a simulated vehicle through counterbalanced pairings of four distinct cities using one of four navigation systems (three tactile and one auditory control). One tactile system used only pulse rate, the second system used only tactor location, and the third used both pulse rate and location to convey guidance instructions. All navigation systems provided both a preliminary and an immediate cue indicating to take the next most immediate turn. Individual differences in sense of direction resulted in different preference ratings without any observed performance differences. The …

The Impact Of Cognitive Psychology In Minimizing Human Errors, Patrik Jonzon

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Working towards zero accidents – Experience from education and supervision of pilots and air traffic controllers (ATC) from the Royal Danish Air Force gives us a model on how to apply the latest clinical psychology methods and research, and combine it with Human Factor models.

What is behind accidents? Errors, so can you talk about zero errors? Everyone knows that this is utopia; the question is rather how we can understand errors, minimize errors and minimize the effect of errors. The goal of this paper is to contribute to a theoretical and practical understanding of how to use the research …

Measuring Human Factors Success In Acquisitions, Jason Demagalski, Dr Branka Subotić, Dr Jerry Crutchfield, Dr Dwayne Norris

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Human factors specialists work as part of multidisciplinary teams supporting acquisition programs. Depending upon the acquisition model and culture of an organization, the exact points of involvement of human factors specialists may vary, as too will the metrics of success for each project. Acceptable/optimal level of operational performance is the goal of any Air Traffic Control (ATC) system. Human performance is a key component of operational performance. Measuring human performance can be an area of academic debate often yielding vague answers or need for more research. This is of little use or interest to project and senior managers who make …

Effects Of Nextgen Concepts For Separation Assurance And Interval Management On Atco Situation Awareness, Thomas Z. Strybel, Kim-Phuong L. Vu, Dan Chiappe, Corey A. Morgan, Vernol Battiste

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We examined the effects of responsibility for interval management and separation assurance on ATCo situation awareness, workload and performance. Four conditions were tested by crossing two strategies for interval management (ATCo responsible or flight deck responsible) and two strategies for separation assurance (ATCo primary or automation primary). Situation awareness and workload were assessed with an online probe technique. Workload was lowest when both functions were automated, but situation awareness for conflicts depended on the sector. Both workload and situation awareness were related to the number of ATCo-managed LOS.

A Cognitive Engineering Approach For Showing Feasibility Margins On An In-Flight Planning, Sami Lini, Bruno Vallespir, Sylvain Hourlier, Franck Labat, Pierre-Alexandre Favier

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The purpose of the ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning) project was to design an anticipation support for civilian pilots. In this context, we undertook a cognitive engineering approach. Interviews with pilots and in-situ tasks analysis were performed. Helping pilots better anticipate can consist in showing them the room for maneuver for every single task to perform. At first an activity modeling serves as a basis for describing these tasks during a specific phase of the flight (descent/approach). It confirms a need for a visual representation of temporal feasibility margins. According to the constraints of the flight plan (e.g. speed, …

The Faa’S Human Factors Air Traffic Control / Technical Operations Strategic Research Plan, Edward Austrian, Dino Piccione

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Air Traffic Control (ATC) / Technical Operations (TO) Human Factors Team completed development and publication of a ten-year strategic research plan. This effort was endorsed by the FAA Research Engineering and Development Advisory Committee (REDAC) and sponsored by the FAA Human Factors Division. The intent of the strategic plan is to define a clear pathway for the ATC / TO Human Factors Team to improve and integrate human factors research in ATC applications. The strategic plan also serves as a communication tool to engage the community of practice and promote the implementation of products that …

Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training Program: The Introduction Of A Cognitive-Adaptation Training, Marie-Pierre Fornette, Marie- Héloïse, Camille Lefrançois, Jacques Fradin, Farid El Massioui, Françoise Darses, Corinne Roumes

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The goal of “crew resource management” (CRM) training programs is to enhance safety and efficiency in flight. To achieve this goal, CRM training have to teach the appropriate knowledge and skills, and thus, to be adjusted according to all environmental changes. During the last decade, there has been an increasing need to reinforce skills of French military crews, to deal with complex and unforeseen situations. A new cognitive-adaptation training was proposed. It specifically seeks to enhance metacognitive skills related to the two main types of human cognitive processes, and to strengthen reflective processes involved in cognitive and emotional adaptation. The …

Measuring Distribution Of Attention As A Part Of Situational Awareness - A Different Approach, Katrin Meierfrankenfeld, Werner Greß, Tina Vorbach

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This paper outlines a different approach to measure pilot aptitudes during flight simulator missions. An algorithm was developed to assess a candidate’s distribution of attention beyond observation technique, eye-tracking or multidimensional tracking (e.g. altitude, speed, heading), thus getting rid of typical measurement problems. The algorithm used to evaluate candidate’s distribution of attention in Phase III, German Armed Forces’ third phase of aircrew selection consisting of simulator flights in a typical training scenario, is a mere time measure. The following article describes its construction as well as advantages and disadvantages.

A Collaborative Forum For The Distribution Of Multidisciplinary Scholarship In The Open-Access Environment: The Inception Of The Advanced Aviation Analytics Institute For Research (A3ir-Core), Brent Bowen, Erin Bowen, Thomas Carney, Jennifer Kirschner, Chien-Tsung Lu, Reilly Meehan, John Mott, Clay Wildt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Identifying the need for a multi-faceted, interdisciplinary research team to investigate various issues within the aviation industry, Purdue University’s Department of Aviation Technology has organized the Advanced Aviation Analytics Institute for Research—A Center of Research Excellence (A3IR-CORE). A thorough meta-analytic review of collaborative network theory was the impetus for the organizational development of this forum. Focused on engaging a wide range of knowledge, talents, and experiences, this preeminent institute will fill the traditional void of academic material in the aviation industry by actively involving undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty in a collaborative environment that increases the dissemination of research …

A One-Hour Sleep Restriction Impacts Brain Processing In Young Children Across Tasks: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials, Dennis Molfese, Anna Ivanenko, Alexandra P.F. Key, Adrienne Roman, Victoria J. Molfese, Louise M. O'Brien, David Gozal, Srinivas Kota, Caitlin M. Hudac

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

The effect of mild sleep restriction on cognitive functioning in young children is unclear, yet sleep loss may impact children's abilities to attend to tasks with high processing demands. In a preliminary investigation, six children (6.6 - 8.3 years of age) with normal sleep patterns performed three tasks: attention (“Oddball”), speech perception (conconant-vowel syllables) and executive function (Directional Stroop). Event-related potentials (ERP) responses were recorded before (Control) and following one-week of 1-hour per day of sleep restriction. Brain activity across all tasks following Sleep Restriction differed from activity during Control Sleep, indicating that minor sleep restriction impacts children's neurocognitive functioning.

Normative Topographic Erp Analyses Of Speed Of Speech Processing And Grammar Before And After Grammatical Treatment, Paul J. Yoder, Dennis Molfese, Micah M. Murray, Alexandra P.F. Key

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

Typically developing (TD) preschoolers and age-matched preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI) received event-related potentials (ERPs) to four monosyllabic speech sounds prior to treatment and, in the SLI group, after 6 months of grammatical treatment. Before treatment, the TD group processed speech sounds faster than the SLI group. The SLI group increased the speed of their speech processing after treatment. Post-treatment speed of speech processing predicted later impairment in comprehending phrase elaboration in the SLI group. During the treatment phase, change in speed of speech processing predicted growth rate of grammar in the SLI group.

Changes In Quality Of Life And Physiologic Measures In Heart Failure Patients Related To Gender And Race, Linda Steele

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Heart failure (HF) is a major health problem, with approximately 6 million people currently living with HF in the United States. It is estimated that HF will cost $39.2 billion annually (2012) inclusive of health care services, medications, and lost productivity. Two nonmodifiable risk factors for developing HF are race and gender. HF is a complex cardiovascular illness associated with diminished quality of life, decreased exercise tolerance, and increasing disease severity. This study examined the relationship between quality of life and selected physiologic variables and race aand gender on 54 patients over a six month time period.

Human-Centered Automation As Effective Work Design, Amy R. Pritchett, Karen M. Feigh

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

This paper describes how the challenge of human-centered automation can be recast as the challenge of, first, designing the work performed by a team of agents and then, second, allocating this work amongst all the agents, human and automated, in support of their own needs and capabilities and to foster team goals. The paper starts by formally describing the construct of work as a structure which can be formally analyzed and around which other design decisions can be made. It then reviews the requirements of effective function allocation within a team to enable their collective taskwork, and to provide the …

Effects Of Airport Tower Controller Decision-Support Tool On Controllers’ Head-Up Time, Miwa Hayashi, Jose M. Cruz Lopez

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Visually monitoring aircraft traffic outside the window is an important part of tower controllers’ tasks. Introducing new controller decision-support tools in the tower may increase or decrease their head-up time. The present study investigates the effect of NASA’s Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA) tool on controllers’ head-up time. A small video camera was mounted on controllers’ heads to measure their head-movement activities during simulated tower operations with or without the SARDA advisories. Simple, pixel-color-based classification algorithms were able to achieve reasonably high accuracy of head-up detection in the training video frames (91% on average). The results showed that the …

Applying The Compliance-Reliance Model To System-Wide Trust Theory In An Aviation Task, Casey Tunstall, Kasha Geels-Blair, Stephen Rice

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Diagnostic automation is frequently used to assist pilots. Despite extensive research on trust in automation, multiple automation research is sparse. Two recent studies focused on effects of trust in multiple automation using system-wide trust (SWT) theory (Keller & Rice, 2010; Rice & Geels, 2010). According to SWT, operators treat multiple aids as one entity, rather than separate entities; an unreliable aid negatively affects trust in nearby aids. We combined SWT with Meyer’s (2001, 2004) compliance-reliance model in order to show whether contagion effects of FAs and misses differ. Participants monitored 8 gauges for system failures. Each gauge had an automated …

Transferring Human Factors Knowledge From Aviation To Development Of A Warning System For Landslide, Ioana Koglbauer, Guenter Hohenberger, Christian Steger

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

There is a successful history of transferring knowledge from aviation to other domains such as medicine (Thomas & Helmreich, 2002). In this study the ICAO multistage alerting service (2008) served as model for the specification of an early warning system for landslide. The early warning system is designed to monitor mass-movement data provided by GPS sensors, and to generate warnings and alarms to the National Alarm- and Warning Center of Styria, Austria. For the human factors specification of the new system a qualitative analysis was performed. Results are discussed with regard to applicability of human factors guidelines from aviation to …

Enhancing Military Helicopter Pilot Assistant System Through Resource Adaptive Dialogue Management, Felix Maiwald, Axel Schulte

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

Assistant systems investigated today are beneficial in principle, but may induce additional load for the pilot, especially if the system intervenes at a time when the human has no more free cognitive resources to adopt the offered support. This article describes an approach how to enable a knowledge-based pilots’ assistant system in the domain of military helicopter missions to interact with the pilot by resource adaptive dialogue management. To minimize the automation induced additional load for the pilot, the assistant system estimates the pilots’ residual mental capacity and furthermore the current cognitive workliad in the first step. This assessment enables …

Tracking And Visuospatial Working Memory, Robin Langerak, Chris M. Herdman, James Howell Ba

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The present research examines the role of visuospatial working memory in supporting pursuit tracking. Participants completed a pursuit motor tracking task while simultaneously completing secondary tasks designed to separately place demands on either storage or processing in visuospatial working memory. The results show that simple pursuit tracking utilizes visuospatial processing in working memory without a strong requirement for visuospatial storage. These findings have implications for understanding time-sharing of tasks in the cockpit.

Flight Deck Models Of Workload And Multi-Tasking: An Overview Of Validation, Christopher D. Wickens, Angelia Sebok

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

We review 24 computational modeling efforts of pilot multi-task performance and workload, to describe the manner in which they model three different aspects of pilot performance: the complexity of effort, the complexity of time management and the complexity of multiple resource interference. We then discuss the degree of validation of these models, and the validity of the context in which they are validated.

Reducing Aggressive Responses To Tcas: Evaluation Of A Tcas Training Program, Elizabeth S. Fleming, Amy R. Pritchett, Vlad M. Popescu, William P. Cleveland

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2013

The Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is an aircraft collision avoidance system designed to prevent mid-air collisions. While responding to a TCAS advisory is generally the safe course of action, instances of overly aggressive responses have resulted in injuries to crew members and passengers as well as disruptions in air traffic operations. However, current training standards do not address the need to mitigate overly aggressive responses. This paper details the design and evaluation of a training program for TCAS which incorporated a learning objective related to mitigating aggressive responses to advisories. The impact of the training program was …