Adaptive Automation Based On Air Traffic Controller Decision-Making,
2017
Wright State University
Adaptive Automation Based On Air Traffic Controller Decision-Making, M. Ijtsma, C. Borst, G.A. Mercado-Velasco, M. Mulder, M.M. Van Paassen
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Through smart scheduling and triggering of automation support, adaptive automation has the potential to balance air traffic controller workload. The challenge in the design of adaptive automation systems isto decide how and when the automation should provide support. This paper describes the design of a novel mechanismfor adaptively invoking automation support. Whereas most adaptive automation support systems are reactive in that they invoke automation support aftercontroller workload has increased, the aim of the designed mechanism is to proactively trigger automation support priorto workload increases. To do this, the mechanism assesses the quality of air traffic controller's decisions. The …
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design (Part 2: Results),
2017
Wright State University
Avionics Touch Screen In Turbulence: Simulation For Design (Part 2: Results), Sylvain Hourlier, Xavier Servantie
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Consumer market touch screens ubiquity has driventhe avionics industry to launch in depth evaluations of touch screen forcockpit integration. This paperis a follow-up from ISAP 2015 paperwhere a methodology for turbulence simulation design wasdiscussed. One of the challenges wasto verify touch screen compatibility with in flight use under turbulent conditions, ranging fromlightto severe. The avionics industryrecognized early on the need to alleviate such usability risk and the results of our evaluationsenabled us to define recommendations for our HMI designs. Using our validated turbulent profiles, basic touch screen interaction performances were analyzedand this paper will focus on the results we gathered …
Facilitating Communication For Aviation Training And Maintenance,
2017
Wright State University
Facilitating Communication For Aviation Training And Maintenance, Lorraine E. Holtaway, Kyle Jackson, Sarah M. Hubbard Ph.D.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Maintenance errors are the primary cause of approximately 8% of commercial aircraft accidents worldwide. One factor that contributes to human errors is miscommunication. Clear communication is critical in aviation education and in aviation maintenance operations. A fundamental concept for clear communication is both the transmission and receipt of a common message. This research explores the miscommunication and misinterpretation of instructions used in maintenance training. Miscommunicationmay be due to ambiguity, use of jargon, and differentindividual interpretations and methods for standard practices. First, an example of a commonly misunderstood process is identified. Next, enhanced training tools are developed to reduce the likelihood …
Using Pair-Wise Rankings In The Assessment Of Adaptive Aiding,
2017
Wright State University
Using Pair-Wise Rankings In The Assessment Of Adaptive Aiding, Christina Gruenwald, Matt Middendorf, Chelsea Credlebaugh, Jonathan Mead, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
In remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) operations, operator cognitive workload is an important concern. High workload couldresult in performance decrements and operational mishaps. In research, physiological data can beused by models to assess the operator’s cognitive state. When a model detects the onset of cognitive overload, assistance could thenbe provided to the operator to help mitigate the overload in some form of augmentation. However, it is imperative that the assessment is accurate and completed in a timely manner. The accuracy of a workload assessment model and augmentation application canbe evaluated using a psychometrically determined scale of man/machine conditions. Both the operator …
Design Considerations For Attitude State Awareness And Prevention Of Entry Into Unusual Attitudes,
2017
Wright State University
Design Considerations For Attitude State Awareness And Prevention Of Entry Into Unusual Attitudes, Kyle K.E. Ellis, Lawrence J. (Lance) Prinzel Iii, Jarvis J. (Trey) Arthur, Stephanie N. Nicholas, Captain Daniel Kiggins, Harry Verstynen, Captain Clay Hubbs, Captain James Wilkerson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Loss of control –inflight (LOC-I) has historically represented the largest category of commercial aviation fatal accidents. A review of the worldwide transport airplane accidents (2001-2010) evinced that loss of attitude or energy state awareness was responsible for a large majority of the LOC-I events. A Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST) study of 18 worldwide loss-of-control accidents and incidents determined that flight crew loss of attitude awareness or energy state awareness due to lack of external visual reference cues was a significant causal factor in 17 of the 18 reviewed flights. CAST recommended that “Virtual Day-Visual Meteorological Condition” (Virtual Day-VMC) displays …
Incomplete Knowledge Of Results And The Manipulation Of Response Bias,
2017
Wright State University
Incomplete Knowledge Of Results And The Manipulation Of Response Bias, Matthew J. Davis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
In signal detection theory, an optimal observer exploits all available information to achieve the desired goal of a particular decision strategy (Green & Swets, 1966). Detectionexperiments often provide the observer with complete knowledge of results (CKR) in order to ensure best possible performance for the task. If optimal behavior is indeed dependent upon CKR, then a degradation of that information should also reduce the likelihood of achieving optimal response bias. A single-interval auditory detection experiment was conducted to measure changes in response bias in the presence of incomplete knowledge of results(IKR) (i.e. feedback for some combination of true/false detections …
Longitudinal Safety Climate Analysis: Modeling For Enhanced Organizational Response,
2017
Wright State University
Longitudinal Safety Climate Analysis: Modeling For Enhanced Organizational Response, Erin E. Bowen, Brian J. Roggow
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Much of the safety climate research captures only a transient state in the aviation environment, by extension limiting organizational responses to transactional approaches. The limits of the transient annual safety climate audit traps safety attitudinal/behavioral research in a static or reactive cycle. The present study takes advantage of a collegiate aviation environment with multiple training locations (each with its own culture), participating in regular safety climate audits across flight operations, to develop an enhanced safety culture model. Using longitudinal climate data collected from the organization, the authors present a mixed-methods trend analysis of safety climate changes to date, incorporating organizational …
Relationship Between Relational Energy, Emotional Labor, And Cognitive Flexibility Among Flight Attendants,
2017
Wright State University
Relationship Between Relational Energy, Emotional Labor, And Cognitive Flexibility Among Flight Attendants, Rithi Baruah
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The primary aim of the civil avaiation insdustry is to work for the safety and comfort of their clients and customers. This study concentrated on the front line employees of the aviation industry, the flight attendants who are paid to smile.Energy at workplace is a fairly new concept and is an organisational resource which help employee attain their goals. The aim of the study was to establish the relationship between relational energy and the major issue of emotional labor(deep acting and surface acting)and cognitive flexibility among flight attendants. A correlational research design was used to study the relationship among 39 …
An Investigation Of Minimum Information Requirements For An Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid Traffic Display,
2017
Wright State University
An Investigation Of Minimum Information Requirements For An Unmanned Aircraft System Detect And Avoid Traffic Display, Kevin W. Williams
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
This study was conducted to support the development of Minimum Operational Performance Specifications for UAS Detect and Avoid traffic displays being developed by RTCA Special Committee 228.The experiment tested four different display configurations. Thesewere a baseline display, an indication of Closest Point of Approach (CPA), an avoidance area (blob) indication, and a banding display. Also manipulated in the study weretwo levels of pilot experience and two types of control interface.Analysis of the well clear violations showed a significant effect due to display type. Individual comparisons revealed that both the avoidance areaand banding displays significantly decreased the likelihood of violating well …
Treatment Choice Among Combat Veterans,
2017
Georgia Southern University
Treatment Choice Among Combat Veterans, Zachary Clayborne Dietrich
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
A plethora of research has investigated PTSD treatment outcomes among Veterans of foreign wars. However, research has suggested mixed treatment efficacy. Although investigations into factors that may help predict treatment outcomes are emerging, to date no study has evaluated treatment choice among Veteran populations. Previous treatment choice studies have yielded qualitative and quantitative information that can be useful in clinical decision-making. This study looks to build upon the treatment choice literature with combat Veterans to evaluate for underlining characteristics of cohorts that will help build upon existing knowledge. It has been suggested that treatment benefits Vietnam Era Veterans more than …
The Oculometer Training Tape Technique: The Revival,
2017
Wright State University
The Oculometer Training Tape Technique: The Revival, Carolina Diaz-Piedra, Andres Catena, Luis J. Fuentes, Leandro L. Di Stasi
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The oculometer training tape technique (OT 3 ) aimsto enhance aviation training by 1) allowing theflightinstructors to provide real-time feedback, 2) improving debriefing sessions by playing back the traineepilot’s scan behavior, and 3) editing didactic videos based on the scan behavior of experienced pilots. Despite the original positive evaluations ofits usefulness, the OT 3 hasfailed to gain traction in aviation training programs. This is probably due to the technical difficulties as well as the intrusiveness/bulkiness of the equipment needed. Modern non-intrusive eye trackers,integrated witha forward facing scene-camera, can record pilots’ eye movements and, simultaneously, capture what the pilot sees. Here, …
A Dynamic System Simulation Device To Define Human-System Interface Requirements For The Dassault Rafale,
2017
Wright State University
A Dynamic System Simulation Device To Define Human-System Interface Requirements For The Dassault Rafale, Daniel Hauret, Julien Donnot
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Our study aimedto collect enhancement proposals of Rafale fighter aircraft human-system interface. Proposals had to be innovative and complied with the needs of information for pilots regarding Rafale future capabilities. We developed amethodology based on a device enabling the simulation of a dynamic system activity that is theRafale integrated in its war environment. Creativity of front line pilots participating inthis experimentation has been stimulated but constraint by the necessity ofa useful production due to the risks associated to the modification of a fighter aircraft already operating since 2006. Each proposal has been analyzed and synthetized through the abstraction hierarchy model …
Effects Of An Ecological Interface On Flight Training Effectiveness,
2017
Wright State University
Effects Of An Ecological Interface On Flight Training Effectiveness, Ronald Deerenberg, M.M. (René) Van Paassen, Clark Borst, Max Mulder
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
For Ecological Interface Design (EID), the underlying constraints and properties of an operator’s work domain are analysed and used as a basis for the design of the information displays, so that these may reveal these underlying mechanisms. Most evaluations for EID have been performed with expertor trained participants. However, it can be hypothesised that the effects of EID will alsochange the way tasks are learned by novices; since the EID designs support direct manipulation, and at the same time show the constraints in the work domain, a novice would be able to performthe task as a skill, employing the direct …
Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training,
2017
Wright State University
Efficiency Of A Situation Awareness Training Module In Initial Pilot Training, David Gayraud, Nadine Matton, Andre Tricot
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Wedesigned a specific SA training module and tested whether it would enhance the SA competency of pilot trainees during initial training. Twelve pilot trainees took part to the empirical phase of the study. They were pseudo-randomly assigned to two conditions, the experimental group (n=6) who received the SA training module and the control group (n=6) who did not receive any specific SA training. All pilot trainees were assessed during a flight simulator session in order to evaluate objectively their levels of SA (SAGAT, Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique, Endsley, 1995). Results highlighted that the SA levels …
Development Of A Model Of ‘See And Avoid’ In Parachuting,
2017
Wright State University
Development Of A Model Of ‘See And Avoid’ In Parachuting, Victoria Cutler, Saskia Revell
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The UK military undertakes in-depth investigations of serious parachuting accidents, which have recently included two mid-air collisions. The analysis of these accidents identified that collision avoidance in parachuting uses similar processes to the see-and-avoidtask performed by aircraft pilots. However, no research was identified that had explored see-and-avoid when parachuting. Accordingly, a model of parachuting see-and-avoidwas developed which consisted of six stages which must be performed in sequence for a collision to be avoided successfully. Each stage of see-and-avoid wasassociated with key errors, the likelihood of which wasinfluenced by a range of factors within the individual, their operating environment, and equipment. …
Quantifying Pilot Contribution To Flight Safety During An In-Flight Airspeed Failure,
2017
Wright State University
Quantifying Pilot Contribution To Flight Safety During An In-Flight Airspeed Failure, Timothy J. Etherington, Rockwell Collins, Lynda J. Kramer, Randall E. Bailey, Kellie D. Kennedey
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Accident statistics cite the flight crew as a causal factor in over 60% of large transport fatal accidents. Yet a well-trained and well-qualified crew is acknowledged as the critical center point of aircraft systemssafety and an integral component of the entire commercial aviation system. A human-in-the-loop test was conducted using a Level D certifiedBoeing 737-800 simulator to evaluate the pilot’s contribution to safety-of-flight during routine air carrier flightoperations and in response to system failures. To quantify the human’s contribution, crew complement was used as an independent variable in a between-subjects design. This paper details the crew’s actions and responses while …
Federal Aviation Administration Flight Deck Human Factors Research Program,
2017
Wright State University
Federal Aviation Administration Flight Deck Human Factors Research Program, Sheryl L. Chappell, Regina G. Bolinger, Ashley C. Awwad
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
The next generation air transportation system (NextGen) is a comprehensive suite of state-of-the-art technologies and procedures that improves national airspace system(NAS)capacity and efficiency, while maintaining world-class safety. In order to realize these improvements,the roles and the systems ofpilots and controllers are changing. Advanced technologies and new procedures make the information and the tasksmore complex. The Federal Aviation Administration’s (FAA) Flight Deck Human Factors Research Programexamines flightcrew interaction with current and future technology and pilotperformance of flight procedures. Human factors scientists across industry, government,and academia produce scientific and technical data-driven recommendationsto support the FAA’s development of regulatory standards, policies, and other …
Self-Deception And Impression Management In Commercial Pilots: An Underreported And Potential Confound In Aviation Research,
2017
Wright State University
Self-Deception And Impression Management In Commercial Pilots: An Underreported And Potential Confound In Aviation Research, Tabitha T. Black, Ryan Sain, Steven M. Vera
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
A concern when administering questionnaires is whether the participant is providing information that is accurate. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding(BIDR) was used to assess commercial pilots’ socially desirable responding resulting in two profiles: Impression management (IM; faking bad) and self-deceptive enhancement (SDE; faking good). These pilots’ profiles were compared to the Aviation Safety Locus of Control(ASLOC) scale, used to measure external (ASLOC-E) or internal (ASLOC-I)orientation, and the Crew Resource Management Training Survey(CRMTS)developed from the Federal Aviation Administration’s guidelines for CRM. The results from the SDE indicated that over a fourth of the participants responded in a …
Sms Hazard Analysis At A University Flight School,
2017
Wright State University
Sms Hazard Analysis At A University Flight School, Don Crews, Wendy Beckman
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
For the last several years, the flight school of a mid-sizeduniversity has been working to implement a safety management system (SMS). As part of the effort, a robust self-reporting system has been developed, from which data has been used to effect changes in school policies and procedures. In thisproject, the safety reports that have accumulated over the life of the reporting systemwere classified based on the hazards experiencedwhich caused the report generation.Non-use of standard procedures was found to be theleading hazard, with 90 of the 176 reports indicating improper procedure application. The traffic pattern at the non-towered airport wherethe flight …
Self-Leadership Strategies & Performance Perspectives Within Student Aviation Teams,
2017
Wright State University
Self-Leadership Strategies & Performance Perspectives Within Student Aviation Teams, Christopher Ryan Bearden
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2017
Thisstudy uses a correlational-design to explore relationships betweenpeer ratings of team member effectiveness, supervisor ratings of performance, and self-reportedperformancestrategiesassociated with self-leadership.Team members that were perceived as effective by their peers were also favorably rated on job performance by their supervisors. Peer-ratings onpossession of job-relevant knowledge, skills, and abilitiesincreased with frequency of communication behaviors, as rated by supervisors.This finding replicates previous research that suggests talking leads to perceived expertise in teams.Finally, self-goal setting was found to be related to peer-rated teammate effectiveness, but not supervisor-rated performance.
