Evaluating Startle, Surprise, And Distraction: An Analysis Of Aircraft Incident And Accident Reports,
2015
Wright State University
Evaluating Startle, Surprise, And Distraction: An Analysis Of Aircraft Incident And Accident Reports, Andrew B. Talone, Javier Rivera, Camilo Jimenez, Florian Jentsch
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Over the years, startle, surprise, and distraction have been frequently cited as potentially having negative effects on aircraft flightcrew performance. This paper aims to build upon and extend our prior research (Rivera, Talone, Boesser, Jentsch, & Yeh, 2014) in which we found evidence that (a) startle may be less problematic to flight deck performance than surprise, and (b) negative flight deck performance following startle is most likely due to concurrent distraction or surprise. The current research examined the theoretical foundations underlying these concepts and analyzed two accident/incident databases to identify potential trends and assess the prevalence of startle, surprise, and …
A Regression Of Consumer Atttitudes Toward Airport Water Reuse,
2015
Wright State University
A Regression Of Consumer Atttitudes Toward Airport Water Reuse, Ismael Cremer, Stephen Rice, Scott R. Winter
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Recent studies have focused on characterizing and understanding the public’s perceptions of risk with respect to general reuse projects (Baggett, Jefferson & Jefferson 2005; Hurlimann 2011; Toze, 2005). These studies have shown varying attitudes toward water reuse and are necessary to assess the public’s risk perception and acceptance of water reuse before implementing it. To date, no studies have examined whether certain variables affect people’s attitudes toward the water reuse concepts at airports. Four hundred and four participants from India and the United States participated in a study wherein various socio-economic were collected along with their attitude scores toward water …
Psychological Aspects Of The Organization Of Information At The Instructor’S Flight Simulator Workplace,
2015
Wright State University
Psychological Aspects Of The Organization Of Information At The Instructor’S Flight Simulator Workplace, Tetiana Bondareva
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This Paper presents a critical analysis of the classical procedure of training pilots on Full Flight Simulators (FFS), and developed new version of the procedure of instructor’s actions during simulator training. The developed procedure will change an instructor’s position as person, who sets parameters before and during performing exercise, to a person as involved participant, who is waiting for a forthcoming training flight circumstances together with the crew. This developed procedure implies a rearrangement of specific operations from the instructor on the software, and also the availability of an alternative monitor, on which the most significant events (selected for specific …
Conceptual And Procedural Training For Situation Awareness And Performance In An Instrument Holding Task,
2015
Wright State University
Conceptual And Procedural Training For Situation Awareness And Performance In An Instrument Holding Task, Andrew R. Dattel, Jennifer E. Thropp
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
An exploratory approach that investigated the differences between conceptually and procedurally trained participants in situation awareness (SA) and performance of instrument holds was conducted. The step-by-step actions required to fly instrument holds were emphasized in the procedural training group. The interrelationship of elements in a dynamic environment was emphasized in the conceptual group. Participants were tested in two simulated instrument holding pattern scenarios. The second holding pattern was designed to be more complex. A trend was found where the conceptual group showed less altitude deviation (M = 399.22) than the procedural group (M = 599.74). Participants were asked six SA …
Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance,
2015
Wright State University
Procedure Used For Establishing Screening Test Cut-Points Based On Aviation Occupational Task Performance, Nelda Milburn, Thomas Chidester, Kevin Gildea, Linda Peterson, Carrie Roberts, Deborah Perry
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Previous research has shown that some individuals with color vision deficiencies (CVD) are capable of performing some aviation occupational tasks as well as those with normal color vision (NCV); implying that passing a screening test with a diagnosis of NCV may not be necessary for all aviation occupations. Our goal was to find outcome consistency between performance on occupational tasks and several screening tests; further, to compare those pass/fail outcomes to the Colour Assessment and Diagnosis (CAD) test for aviation certification. The strategy involved establishing a pass/fail cut-point separately for four occupational tasks at the 5th percentile of the NCV …
The Cognition Of Multi-Aircraft Control (Mac): Proactive Interference And Working Memory Capacity,
2015
Wright State University
The Cognition Of Multi-Aircraft Control (Mac): Proactive Interference And Working Memory Capacity, Kelly Amaddio, Michael Miller, John Elshaw, Victor Finomore
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As the number of U.S. Air Force missions requiring UAVs has rapidly increased without commensurate increases in manpower, systems which permit a single operator to supervise and control multiple, highly-automated aircraft are being considered. The operator of such a system may be required to monitor and respond to voice communications for multiple UAVs, each of which can have aircraft specific call signs, which may impose excessive requirements on constrained operator attention, working memory, and cognitive processing. The current research investigates the cognitive load (number of aircraft call signs) an individual can handle and explores the effect of proactive interference (PI) …
Experimental Evaluation Of Varying Feedback Of A Cognitive Agent System For Uav Mission Management,
2015
Wright State University
Experimental Evaluation Of Varying Feedback Of A Cognitive Agent System For Uav Mission Management, Elisabeth Denk, Sebastian Clauss, Annike Borchers, Josef Werner, Axel Schulte
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In this study we investigate on a cognitive delegation agent for UAV task-based mission management. Particularly, we advocate a specific high-level feedback provided by the agent to the human operator to enhance mission effectiveness. As extension to human supervisory control we suggest to introduce the concept of agent supervisory control where the agent is delegated by high-level operator commands and controls several sub-systems aboard the UAV fulfilling the mission in highly automated fashion. Results of our experimental human-in-the-loop study focusing on the effects of high-level feedback are presented. Therefore, two configurations are compared, one with basic feedback and one with …
An Operational Analysis Of Human Factors In An Unmanned Air System,
2015
Wright State University
An Operational Analysis Of Human Factors In An Unmanned Air System, Saskia D. Revell, Victoria J. Cutler
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Previous research has highlighted Human Factors (HF) issues associated with operating Unmanned Air Systems (UAS). This research has examined the human-machine interface, error types found in UAS mishaps, and examined specific factors such as workload or situation awareness. Fewer studies have examined the HF issues experienced during live military UAS operations in a conflict zone. Accordingly, a HF analysis was undertaken of a UK UAS unit operating in Afghanistan. The analysis was conducted using the Operational Events Analysis (OEA) approach, which is a structured, qualitative method of identifying flight safety HF issues. The OEA included UAS operators and maintenance personnel. …
An Evaluation Of The Utility Of At-Sat For The Placement Of New Controllers By Option,
2015
Wright State University
An Evaluation Of The Utility Of At-Sat For The Placement Of New Controllers By Option, Cristina L. Byrne, Dana Broach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In this study, we investigated the utility and fairness of using the Air Traffic Selection and Training (AT-SAT) test battery to place Air Traffic Control Specialist (ATCS) applicants into terminal or en route facilities. While results of statistical analyses indicated that AT-SAT could be considered a valid tool for use in placement, based on technical considerations only, it was concluded that it should not be used in that way due to lack of utility and potential for adverse impact. If the FAA were to use AT-SAT for placement, the risk of additional adverse impact and pay disparities should be evaluated …
Perspectives Of Unsuccessful Air Traffic Control Specialists,
2015
Wright State University
Perspectives Of Unsuccessful Air Traffic Control Specialists, Linda G. Pierce, Cristina L. Byrne
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Approximately one-quarter of air traffic controller trainees fail field training at their first facility assignment. In some cases, those who fail the training qualifications at their first air traffic control facility assignment are allowed to transfer to a less complex facility. We surveyed a sample of these controllers to identify their perceptions of work-related and external factors that contributed to their failure and subsequent request for reassignment. For example, although these controllers were selected to work at their first facility, in part, based on their aptitude for the job, some said they simply could not do the work at the …
Human Span-Of-Control In Cyber Operations: An Experimental Evaluation Of Fan-Out,
2015
Wright State University
Human Span-Of-Control In Cyber Operations: An Experimental Evaluation Of Fan-Out, Vincent F. Mancuso, Gregory J. Funke, Monica B. Eckold, Adam J. Strang
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Modern cyber operations require operators to maintain supervisory control of remote computer agents. A current operational concern is the number of agents an operator can control at once. This issue resonates with similar “span-of-control” research conducted in UAV operations (e.g., Cummings & Mitchel, 2008). One way to identify operator span is via “fan-out,” a numeric calculation that provides a span-of-control estimate based on system and environmental variables. However, fan-out is a mechanical representation that only accounts for task-characteristics and environmental variables, thus providing an upper bound of human performance that does account for cognition, workload, or work interruptions. The present …
Investigating Uas Operator Characteristics Influencing Mission Success,
2015
Wright State University
Investigating Uas Operator Characteristics Influencing Mission Success, Haydee M. Cuevas, Kristina M. Kendrick, Zane A. Zeigler, David J. Hamilton
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The two objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate how specific operator characteristics (prior experience in manned and unmanned flight, teamwork, and gaming) influence mission success in unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations; and 2) evaluate the potential utility of a performance assessment tool. Mission success was assessed using a modified version of the Situation Awareness Linked Indicators Adapted to Novel Tasks (SALIANT) methodology. Eighteen participants completed a UAS scenario (port security) as part of 9 two-person crews (pilot and sensor operator). Results showed that the SALIANT measure was able to discriminate differences in performance among the UAS crews. Results …
Development Of An Alternative Methodology For Implementation Of Sagat During Task Performance,
2015
Wright State University
Development Of An Alternative Methodology For Implementation Of Sagat During Task Performance, Durant C. Bridges
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Situation awareness (SA) has been linked to performance in a variety of disciplines to date, but originated in the aviation arena. Situation awareness derives from attention and working memory being used toward acquiring and interpreting information from the environment (Endsley, 1995). The most revered objective method of measuring situation awareness is the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT). This technique employs random freezes of participant interfaces during simulations to query participants and assess the level of knowledge of what is happening at the time of the freezes. A discussion of applications using an alternative approach to SAGAT for operators in …
After-Action Reviews: Best Practices And Application To Aerospace Education,
2015
Wright State University
After-Action Reviews: Best Practices And Application To Aerospace Education, Richard G. Moffett Iii, Michael B. Hein, Jessie M. Mcclure
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This study describes an approach to after–action reviews (AARs) used in a university capstone course that uses a high-fidelity team simulation of a flight operations center for a regional airlines. The specific methods used in the AARs are discussed in the context of comparing them to possible best practices for conducting AARs.
The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation,
2015
Wright State University
The Effects Of Workload And Stress On Teamwork In A High Fidelity Simulation, Andrea M. Georgiou
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
With a unique high fidelity simulation lab, participants completed 3 hour work shifts to a run a simulated regional airline. The experimental design consisted of three teams randomly assigned to either a minimal, moderate, or maximum level of difficulty. Increases in workload and stress were implemented with various triggers and the participants had to quickly develop solutions to mitigate the problems. After the simulation, the participants completed the CATME (Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness) online survey for evaluations of their performance for five variables. (Ohland et al., 2012). Based on one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results suggest only …
A Comprehensive Effort To Arrive At An Optimally Reliable Human Factors Taxonomy,
2015
Wright State University
A Comprehensive Effort To Arrive At An Optimally Reliable Human Factors Taxonomy, Raymond E. King
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Department of Defense (DoD) members sought to improve the inter-rater reliability of the DoD Human Factors Analysis and Classification System, (DoDHFACS). DoDHFACS differs from the original system developed by Wiegmann and Shappell (2003), based on the work of Reason (1990), by further analyzing mishaps and hazards to a more granular level – arriving at specific “nanocodes.” The steps involved in the effort included determining which of the 147 “nanocodes” were rarely/never used and collapsing nanocodes and rewriting definitions to arrive at 109 nanocodes. Next, a stepwise checklist to guide investigators through consideration of nanocodes was created. Student investigators were guided …
Requirements For Developing The Model Of Spatial Orientation Into An Applied Cockpit Warning System,
2015
Wright State University
Requirements For Developing The Model Of Spatial Orientation Into An Applied Cockpit Warning System, Ben D. Lawson, Braden J. Mcgrath, Michael C. Newman, Angus H. Rupert
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Refinements have been made to a model of spatial disorientation (SD) to improve simulation of acceleration stimuli and visual-vestibular interactions. The improved model has been applied to aviation mishaps. The model is considered a technological countermeasure for SD because it is implemented as prototype software to aid the identification of mishap contributors in a way that should benefit didactic training. There is a more direct way this countermeasure can prevent SD, which is by adapting it for use as part of a cockpit warning system. The idea is to expand the model from one which explains mishaps post-hoc into one …
Tactile Cueing Strategies To Convey Aircraft Motion Or Warn Of Collision,
2015
Wright State University
Tactile Cueing Strategies To Convey Aircraft Motion Or Warn Of Collision, Ben D. Lawson, Roger C. Cholewiak, J. Christopher Brill, Angus H. Rupert, Linda-Brooke I. Thompson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This report highlights five current vibrotactile display technologies for conveying aircraft motion or approach to obstacles or waypoints, including: 1) a simple on/off vibration cue that activates when a designated position is reached; 2) vibrations whose on-off pulse rate increases as the vehicle moves faster; 3) vibrations whose fundamental frequency rises to cue the approach of an object; 4) vibrations whose body site of spatial cueing signals self-motion in a manner analogous to tactile cues during sliding along the ground; 5) vibrations whose body site of cueing expands in a manner analogous to visual looming cues. The advantages and limitations …
Near-Future Technological Countermeasures For Spatial Disorientation In Flight,
2015
Wright State University
Near-Future Technological Countermeasures For Spatial Disorientation In Flight, Eric M. Littman, Ben D. Lawson, J. Christopher Brill, Angus H. Rupert
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Spatial Disorientation (SD) is an important cause of deadly aircraft mishaps, despite improvements in night vision, head-up-displays, cockpit automation, etc. This paper explores several technological countermeasures for SD. This report begins by discussing the magnitude of the SD problem and the reasons why technological countermeasures are needed. The authors discuss the three main approaches that are typically used (improved selection, training, or technology) to decrease the incidence of SD, and argue that improved selection and training, although beneficial, are not sufficient by themselves to prevent SD. The authors introduce various technological solutions they are developing, including better models to predict …
Asthma-Related Anxiety And Quick-Relief Medication Use In Urban Children With Asthma,
2015
Virginia Commonwealth University
Asthma-Related Anxiety And Quick-Relief Medication Use In Urban Children With Asthma, Sarah E. Astrab, Robin Everhart
Undergraduate Research Posters
Among children, asthma is the most common chronic illness. Although not curable, asthma is manageable with the use of both daily controller medication and quick relief or rescue medication. Anxiety has been found to increase asthma symptoms in children. Caregivers who are anxious about their child’s asthma symptoms may perceive their child’s asthma as more severe or doubt their ability to manage their child’s asthma, which can result in the misuse of asthma medication. This study focused on the association between asthma-related anxiety and the use of quick-relief asthma medications in a low-income, urban sample in Richmond, Virginia. Child participants …
