Army Aviation Manned-Unmanned Teaming (Mum-T): Past, Present, And Future, 2015 Wright State University
Army Aviation Manned-Unmanned Teaming (Mum-T): Past, Present, And Future, Grant Taylor, Terry Turpin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As the use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) in military operations has increased, so too have their capabilities. One recently developed capability is the ability to operate in conjunction with traditional manned aircraft through a process called manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T), allowing manned aviators to benefit from the unique capabilities of UAS. This paper provides an introduction to the concept of MUM-T, describing the early stages of research and development, current MUM-T capabilities in fielded Army systems, and planned future development efforts to continue to advance the capability.
‘We Need Priority Please’ Mitigated Speech In The Crash Of Avianca Flight 052, 2015 Wright State University
‘We Need Priority Please’ Mitigated Speech In The Crash Of Avianca Flight 052, Simon Cookson
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
On 25 January 1990, Avianca Flight 052 was flying from Columbia to the United States when it crashed after a missed approach to JFK Airport in New York. The direct cause of the accident was fuel exhaustion but the NTSB investigation identified multiple causal factors. The Avianca captain, who was flying the aircraft, repeatedly instructed the first officer to notify ATC about the fuel emergency. The first officer, however, did not use the word ‘emergency’ but instead requested ‘priority’ and told ATC that the airplane was ‘running out of fuel’. Why did the first officer mitigate the captain’s instructions? This …
Simulator-Based Assessment Of Flight-Specific Aptitudes In German Armed Forces’ Aircrew Selection, 2015 Wright State University
Simulator-Based Assessment Of Flight-Specific Aptitudes In German Armed Forces’ Aircrew Selection, Katrin Meierfrankenfeld, Werner Greß, Tina Vorbach
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This paper outlines German Armed Forces’ (GAF) approach to predict future success in flight training of applicants for becoming aircrew member. GAF’s aircrew selection procedure consists of three phases. Phase I and II include the assessment of basic aptitudes and the aviation-medical examination. Phase III (fixed wing) is more complex. It consists of one week simulator-based screening in a typical training scenario: Candidates prove their skills both in 4 simulator-flight missions with increasing workload and in academic training. As in real flight training, a briefing, a demonstration and a practice phase and subsequent debriefings prepare candidates for their check phases. …
Effects Of Workload On Measures Of Sustained Attention During A Flight Simulator Night Mission, 2015 Wright State University
Effects Of Workload On Measures Of Sustained Attention During A Flight Simulator Night Mission, Hans-Juergen Hoermann, Patrick Gontar, Andreas Haslbeck
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
N=60 commercial airline pilots holding valid ATPLs flew a manual ILS approach following a weather induced missed approach during a night mission in full flight simulators. Measures of subjective fatigue, sustained attention, and the NASA Taskload Index were collected before and after the mission. In addition, sleep history data were available covering three days prior to the simulator. Both subjective and objective measures of fatigue showed significant ascent over the three hours of the experimental procedure. While sleep history data and roster information were related to both the overall level of fatigue and to reaction times, pilots who experienced a …
Toward Head-Up And Head-Worn Displays For Equivalent Visual Operations, 2015 Wright State University
Toward Head-Up And Head-Worn Displays For Equivalent Visual Operations, Lawrence (Lance) J. Prinzel Iii, Jarvis (Trey) J. Arthur, Randall E. Bailey, Kevin J. Shelton, Lynda J. Kramer, Denise R. Jones, Steven P. Williams, Stephanie J. Harrison, Kyle K. Ellis
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
A key capability envisioned for the future air transportation system is the concept of equivalent visual operations (EVO). EVO is the capability to achieve the safety of current-day Visual Flight Rules (VFR) operations and maintain the operational tempos of VFR irrespective of the weather and visibility conditions. Enhanced Flight Vision Systems (EFVS) offer a path to achieve EVO. NASA has successfully tested EFVS for commercial flight operations that has helped establish the technical merits of EFVS, without reliance on natural vision, to runways without category II/III ground-based navigation and lighting requirements. The research has tested EFVS for operations with both …
The Effects Of Bright Light Intervention On Flight Crew Behavioral Alertness And Cognitive Fatigue, 2015 Wright State University
The Effects Of Bright Light Intervention On Flight Crew Behavioral Alertness And Cognitive Fatigue, Lori Brown, Geoffrey Whitehurst
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of bright light intervention to improve behavioral alertness and reduce cognitive fatigue in flight crew-members. During the four week study, crewmembers wore actigraph bands to monitor sleep behaviors. Self-assessed levels of sleepiness were recorded using the Karlosinska Sleepinees Scale (KSS), and self-assessed fatigue was measured using the Samn-Perelli (SP) fatigue scale. Participants completed psychomotor vigilance tests (PVT) to measure behavioral alertness. On the third and fourth weeks of the study, participants were exposed to short wavelength bright light (465nm blue) light intervention. The results show that there was a significant difference in alertness …
A Role For Folk Psychology In Animal Cognition Research, 2015 York University
A Role For Folk Psychology In Animal Cognition Research, Kristin Andrews
Experimentation Collection
If we consider that the field of animal cognition research began with Darwin’s stories about clever animals, we can see that over the 150 years of work done in this field, there has been a slow swing back and forth between two extreme positions. One extreme is the view that other animals are very much like us, that we can use introspection in order to understand why other animals act as they do, and that no huge interpretive leap is required to understand animal minds. On the other extreme we have the view that other animals are utterly different from …
Hiroshima And Mass Trauma Today: Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Individuals And Communities, 2015 Bowling Green State University
Hiroshima And Mass Trauma Today: Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Individuals And Communities, Ashley Martinez
International ResearchScape Journal
At 8:15 am on August 6th, 1945, the world and the way in which we fight wars changed forever. Immediately following the drop of the Little Boy atomic bomb, the city of Hiroshima was decimated, leaving the surviving citizens to deal with poverty, starvation, loss of loved ones, and utter destruction of their lives. After the bombing, survivors were left with burns, radiation poisoning, and physical scars. Unknown to the survivors of the atomic bombings, or Hibakusha, were the ensuing psychological and emotional damages. In 2014, we know more about traumatic experiences than in 1945. Studies from …
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, 2015 Walden University
A Couple’S Marital Disharmony And Its Psychological Effects On Their Children During The Hiv Disclosure Process In Kenya, Grace Gachanja
Walden Faculty and Staff Publications
Limited published data exists on how HIV-positive parents perform disclosure to all their children. A couple’s HIV disclosure experience to all their children is presented. They participated in a larger study conducted to understand the lived experiences of HIV-positive parents and their children during the disclosure process. Each underwent individualized in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and transferred into NVivo 8 for analysis using the Van Kaam method. Three themes emerged including HIV testing, full disclosure delivery accompanied by marital disharmony, and postdisclosure psychological effects on the family. Marital disharmony and non-involvement of the father caused the mother to fully …
Cognitive Engineering: What's Old Is New Again, 2015 Wright State University
Cognitive Engineering: What's Old Is New Again, Ronald John Lofaro
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This paper presents what began as a specific task analysis methodology developed in the context of what then was called knowledge engineering. The resultant model was based on Fleishmann's concept of underlying abilities coupled Delphi techniques and small group dynamics. Core features were the use of small groups of Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) and, a highly structured workshop environment. The model was termed the Small Group Delphi Paradigm (SGDP). As time past, its usage in a variety of aviation venues, ranging from selection to training proficiency, resulted in modifications and refinements. Thus, it became more than just a task analysis …
Pilots’ Willingness To Report Aviation Incidents, 2015 Wright State University
Pilots’ Willingness To Report Aviation Incidents, Andreas Haslbeck, Carsten Schmidt-Moll, Ekkehart Schubert
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
This paper reports results from a survey-based study among eighty-six airline pilots investigating their willingness to report safety-relevant events and incidents. Pilots have been asked to report how many events they have experienced in thirty-five different contextual areas and how often they have reported these cases. Thus, underreporting rates, respectively dark figures, were calculated and listed. These results and the willingness to report are discussed within an aviation operation’s background. Most of these surveyed underreporting rates are very high, which means a substantial source of uncertainty in airlines’ safety reporting databases, and thus for airlines’ safety management systems.
Social Complexity: The Missing Link In A Critical Incident Reporting System, 2015 Wright State University
Social Complexity: The Missing Link In A Critical Incident Reporting System, Jaco Van Der Westhuizen, Karel Stanz
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
The safe operation of complex socio-technical systems depends on the reporting of safety critical incidents by operators within a system. Through the action of reporting, systems develop the capability as learning organizations to improve human and organizational performance. The research paper will provide a social construction understanding of reporter behavior that is influenced by the safety management system and the context of reporting, within an Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP) in Africa. A case study methodology was applied with complementing inductive coding and thematic content analysis to explore underlying explanations for underreporting behavior. Four main themes emerged: Knowledge Management, Decentralized …
The Effect Of Asynchronous Data On Pilot-Controller Communication In A Dynamic Environment With Subject-Matter Experts, 2015 Wright State University
The Effect Of Asynchronous Data On Pilot-Controller Communication In A Dynamic Environment With Subject-Matter Experts, Samuel Lien, Jonathan Histon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Integrating Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) into controlled airspace may introduce communication challenges if there are time delays associated with the distribution of a common surveillance source of those UAS. Termed “information asynchrony” by Yuan et al (2012), an earlier, static image study showed large time delays had an observable impact on controller-pilot communication, but the effect was not present for time delays of less than 1 minute. A follow-up study is being conducted using an online ATC-flight simulator with professional pilots and controllers as participants. Effects on communication are being analyzed objectively through measurable characteristics of communication breakdown, and subjectively …
Remote-Split Operations And Virtual Presence: Why The Air Force Uses Officer Pilots To Fly Rpas, 2015 Wright State University
Remote-Split Operations And Virtual Presence: Why The Air Force Uses Officer Pilots To Fly Rpas, Lt Col Matt Martin
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Since the advent of Remote-Split Operations (RSO) for MQ-1/9 remotely-pilot aircraft (RPA), where pilots fly aircraft that are thousands of miles away, a popu-lar view is that this distance instills a psychological gap, making it easy to carry out lethal actions. A common further assumption is that RPAs are automated and don't require traditional aviation or leadership skills to operate. But 20 years of combat RPA experience has led practitioners to a different view—that the effec-tive employment of RPAs has been improved by using pilots with previous expe-rience in manned aircraft and undergraduate training where pilot candidates re-ceived a foundation …
A Multi-Year Study Of The Safety And Training Impacts Of Introducing The Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Strategy Into Navy Air Combat, 2015 Wright State University
A Multi-Year Study Of The Safety And Training Impacts Of Introducing The Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Strategy Into Navy Air Combat, Sarah Sherwood, Kelly Neville, Angus L.M. Thom Mclean Iii, Jessica Cruit, Katherine Kaste
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
In the Navy’s proposed Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) training system, virtual entities that represent pilots in flight simulators and computer-generated constructive entities will be injected into the cockpits of F/A-18 aircraft during live-flight training. The Navy expects LVC to ameliorate many of the economic and environmental impacts of live-flight training and to support future training requirements. However, the potential impact of LVC on training effectiveness and safety is not completely understood. While the naval air combat training system is notably robust, its inherent complexity precludes a straightforward analysis of potential hazards and mitigations. Two years ago, researchers began to identify …
Evaluation Of An Eye Tracking-Based Assessment And Debrief Tool For Training Next Generation Multirole Tactical Aviation Skills, 2015 Wright State University
Evaluation Of An Eye Tracking-Based Assessment And Debrief Tool For Training Next Generation Multirole Tactical Aviation Skills, Meredith Carroll, Glenn Surpris, Greg Sidor, Winston Bennett Jr.
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
As tactical aircraft become increasingly complex, pilots’ cognitive resources will become increasingly strained, especially as more critical and multifaceted information is presented on Helmet Mounted Displays (HMDs). Therefore, it is critical to ensure training results in pilots learning optimal strategies for operating in this information-rich environment, including appropriate attention allocation between different dynamic, adjustable displays and efficient scan strategies. To achieve this, a performance assessment and debrief system was developed that incorporates eye tracking technology into an HMD-enabled multirole fighter simulation to capture and process gaze data to aid in diagnosing why a pilot error occurred. The system utilizes eye …
Enroute Atc Industry Perceptions Of Simulation Fidelity, 2015 Wright State University
Enroute Atc Industry Perceptions Of Simulation Fidelity, Colin Dow, Jonathan Histon
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Enroute air traffic control (ATC) relies heavily on simulation in training, research, and concept development applications. However, it has little domain-specific research on the effects of simulation fidelity and lacks a standardized definition of simulation fidelity in the literature. A survey of ATC industry professionals shows that simulation fidelity is not perceived to be well defined for the domain of enroute ATC, regardless of respondent nationality, experience, use of simulation or gender. Parts of the operational environment that survey respondents felt were important components in a definition of simulation fidelity are reported; Communications is the most important component regardless of …
Saccade Detection Using Polar Coordinates – A New Algorithm, 2015 Wright State University
Saccade Detection Using Polar Coordinates – A New Algorithm, Matt Middendorf, Christina Gruenwald, Lucas Stork, Samantha Hoepf, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Over the past few decades substantial research has been conducted regarding saccades (rapid eye movements). There are two components of this research. First there is the detection of the saccades, and second how to interpret the saccades features (amplitude, length, and velocity) to inform specific areas of research. This involves both experimental research and clinical applications. The detection of saccades is typically accomplished using two approaches, including cameras and the electrooculogram (EOG). Both of these approaches require algorithms to process the raw data, detect saccades, and calculate the saccade features. The current effort focuses on detecting saccades in the EOG …
The Electrooculogram And A New Blink Detection Algorithm, 2015 Wright State University
The Electrooculogram And A New Blink Detection Algorithm, Samantha L. Epling, Matt Middendorf, Michael Hoepf, Christina Gruenwald, Lucas Stork, Scott Galster
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Accurate and efficient real-time cognitive workload assessment has many important applications, and physiological monitoring has proven quite helpful with this assessment. One such physiological signal, the electrooculogram (EOG), can provide blink rate and blink duration measures. In a recent study, we developed and validated a robust blink detection algorithm based on the vertical EOG (VEOG). This algorithm does not require baseline data and is adaptive in the sense that it works for a wide variety of individuals without any experimenter adjustments. The performance of the algorithm is quantified using truth data based on video recordings. The algorithm produced blink rate …
Functional Complexity Failures And Automation Surprises: The Mysterious Case Of Controlled Flight Into Stall (Cfis), 2015 Wright State University
Functional Complexity Failures And Automation Surprises: The Mysterious Case Of Controlled Flight Into Stall (Cfis), Lance Sherry, Robert Mauro
International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2015
Nineteen modern airliner Loss of Control (LOC) accidents resulting in aerodynamic stalls were analyzed. These accidents involved structurally and mechanically sound aircraft decelerating through the 1.3VStall buffer to the stall airspeed - i.e. a Controlled Flight into Stall (CFIS). The analysis produced three main observations: First, the accidents were “functional complexity” failures -- the result of a complex sequence of behaviors of the automation functions. There were no consistent: failures that triggered the events (e.g. sensor failures), effects of triggering events on the automation (e.g. mode change), or commands issued by the automation (e.g. thrust setting). Second, the pilots were …