Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

The Strategic Value Driver Model: A Methodology For Examining Value Drivers For A New Pharmaceutical Product In Diabetes, Sumit Verma

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective. Objective The primary objective of this study was to explore a new methodological framework—Strategic Value Driver Model (SVDM), for examining value drivers for new pharmaceutical inhaled insulin in diabetes. Methods. A cross-sectional, internet-based survey was used to collect a sample of 483 Type 2 diabetic patients via national panel of diabetic patients. The sample had two subgroups—insulin-naïve (52.9%, n=255) and insulin-user (47.1%, n=227) patients. The comparative performance of insulin syringes/vials, insulin pen and inhaled insulin was captured on four product attributes (i.e., safety, convenience, clinical efficacy and cost) after asking the patients to report the importance of these attributes. …

Conflicts Of Interest In Clinical Practice Guidelines, Lisa Cosgrove, Allen F. Shaughnessy

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

Clinical practice guidelines are used increasingly across medical specialties and settings, making evaluation of their utility and validity a critical public health issue. In this paper, we describe some of the challenges that specialty organizations face as they try to ensure that their guidelines are trustworthy and useful. We examine the practice guidelines for Major Depressive Disorder recently published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), identify five sources of potential bias that may affect the guideline development process and offer suggestions based on our review. For example, even for mild depression, this guideline privileges pharmacotherapy over other interventions, despite questions …

Natural Products Chemistry Of Leads Acting On Mrsa, Hcv, Malaria, And Depression Disorders, Mohamed Ali Mohamed Ali Ibrahim

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nature has proven to be an endless source of abundant diversity of chemical entities with varying biological activities. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world's population depends on traditional medicine for treating their everyday health problems. According to Gordon Cragg, former director of the natural products branch of the NCI, ″Nature has produced wonderfully complex molecules that no synthetic chemist could ever dream up.″ Moreover, he emphasized that over 60% of cancer therapeutics have been derived from nature whether directly through isolation or indirectly through semi-synthesis. Various examples have been reported such as extracts from Catharanthus …

Market Response To Food And Drug Administration's Safety Warnings: A Case Study Using An Interrupted Time Series Analysis Of The Medicare Database For 2006-2008, Hafiz Oko-Osi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of a safety warning on the utilization rates of thiazolidinedione oral anti-diabetes medication using an interrupted time series analysis. Methods: We extracted data from a five percent national sample of Medicare Part D beneficiaries for the periods between January 2006 and December 2008. Beneficiaries with Part D claims for thiazolidinediones were classified into appropriate-use, at risk, and contraindicated groups based on certain comorbid conditions. We assessed the effects of the May 2007 FDA safety warning about an ongoing safety review of rosiglitazone's potential to increase cardiovascular risks on thiazolidinedione utilization rates using an interrupted time …

Factors That Physicians Find Encouraging And Discouraging About Electronic Prescribing: A Quantitative Study, Krutika Satish Jariwala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research objective. While the adoption of e-prescribing is growing, the Institute of Medicine's recommendations that all prescriptions be routed electronically by 2010 certainly has not been met. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the factors that physicians find encouraging and discouraging about e-prescribing based on their e-prescribing adoption status. Study design. Cross-sectional, descriptive design. An Internet-based survey was sent to national convenience sample of physicians. Using e-prescribing literature, 44 items were developed concerning various factors related to the adoption of e-prescribing. Physicians rated how much the factors encouraged them or discouraged them about e-prescribing. Analysis procedures included …

Factors Affecting Community Pharmacy Owners' Attitudes Toward And Likelihood To Adopt Rxsync Service(Sm), Namita Joshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Factors affecting community pharmacy owners' attitudes toward and likelihood to adopt RxSync ServiceSM. Objective. There is an increased recognition of the role of pharmacists in the provision of patient care services. Therefore, understanding factors that affect pharmacists' attitudes and likelihood to implement pharmacy services is warranted. The objective of this study is to examine how community pharmacy owners' entrepreneurial and demographic characteristics, perceptions of pharmacy service characteristics (perceived benefit, perceived compatibility, and perceived complexity), workload perceptions, and the number of pharmacy services they already offer, affect their attitude toward and likelihood to adopt RxSync ServiceSM, a newly developed prescription management …

Should Benzodiazepines Be Prescribed To Treat Insomnia And Anxiety Related Disorders?, Judith Nicole Margareten

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is an excerpt of the introduction of this article: Benzodiazepines are commonly prescribed drugs used to treat insomnia and anxiety. They are often found in forms such as Xanax (alprazolam) and Valium (diazepam). For many, these drugs have proven essential for ensuring a restful night’s sleep, but for others they are the cause of sleepless ones. Negative effects of benzodiazepines such as addiction, dependence, and impaired cognition plague many patients. While doctors are prone to prescribe these medications readily due to their high level of effectiveness, this practice can pose a great risk to certain populations.

A Proposed Mechanism For Drug-Induced Nightmares, Isaac Brezner

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The following is the introduction of this article: The fields of neuropharmacology and psychopharmacology are known to be highly connected, despite our severe lack of knowledge in these fields. One of the many overlaps between the two fields is sleep, which itself entails many mechanisms and events which are, as of yet, unexplainable. From the perspective of either field, one of the most mysterious events occurring during sleep is dreaming. From the cause of dreams to their content, little is known about them or their more sinister subclassification: nightmares. In this field of disturbed dreaming, neuropharmacology makes a large intrusion …

Current Therapies For Chronic Hepatitis C, Mckenzie C. Ferguson

Pharmacy Faculty Research, Scholarship, and Creative Activity

Hepatitis C virus affects more than 180 million people worldwide and as many as 4 million people in the United States. Given that most patients are asymptomatic until late in the disease progression, diagnostic screening and evaluation should be performed in patients who display high-risk behaviors associated with acquisition of hepatitis C. Chronic hepatitis C is associated with cirrhosis, hepatic failure, and death; therefore, treatment is aimed at reducing these complications, as well as improving quality of life and minimizing adverse effects. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guidelines on the Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of …

Part A: Studies Towards Total Synthesis Of An Anticancer And Antifungal Natural Product, Pseudolaric Acid B; Part B: Synthesis And Biological Evaluation Of Berkeleyamide A And Its Derivatives, Swapnil Jayant Kulkarni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Part A: Studies towards total synthesis of an antifungal and anticancer agent, Pseudolaric acid B. Marked by the uncontrolled cell proliferation, cancer is one of the deadliest diseases, accounting for about 7.0 million deaths in 2007. Cancer is second leading cause of death worldwide, according to the American Cancer Society. Cancer chemotherapy has evolved through many years of painstaking research, and as a result, today we are able to cure at least some of cancers. One of the major impediments in the development of new drugs for treating cancer is that most of the approved drugs are themselves toxic and …

Mechanism And Kinetics Of Covalent Amide-Linked Adduct Formation In Solution And Solid Peptide Formulations, Michael Paul Dehart

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Peptides and proteins are prone to chemical and physical degradation in solutions and solids. One of the most common chemical degradation pathways involves deamidation of asparagine residues through a reactive succinimide intermediate resulting in the formation of aspartyl and isoaspartyl degradation products.

In this work, kinetic studies in aqueous solutions demonstrated that the succinimide intermediate is susceptible to attack by nucleophiles other than water. This may lead to a variety of alternative degradants. In solutions containing high concentrations of ammonia, the succinimide generated in the deamidation of the model peptides Phe-Asn-Gly and Phe-isoAsn-Gly underwent back-reaction with ammonia leading to peptide …

Target Validation Of Uk-101 And Functional Studies Of Β1i, Marie V. Wehenkel

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

β1i is a major catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome, an alternative form of the constitutive proteasome, and its upregulation has been demonstrated in a variety of disease states including cancer. Our lab has developed a small molecule inhibitor of β1i, dubbed UK-101. While UK-101 causes apoptosis in cancer cell lines, it was not clear whether this apoptotic effect was directly mediated by its irreversible inhibition of β1i. Since off-target effects are major roadblocks for the development of new and effective pharmaceuticals, target validation studies in this system would assist in the further progression of β1i inhibitors towards preclinical trials. Our …

Studies Of Solubilization Of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs During In Vitro Lipolysis Of A Model Lipid-Based Drug Delivery System And In Mixed Micelles, Lin Song

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Lipid-based drug delivery systems (LBDDSs) are becoming an increasingly popular approach to improve the oral absorption of poorly-water soluble drugs. Several possible mechanisms have been proposed to explain the means by which LBDDSs act in vivo to enhance absorption. The goal of the current dissertation is to provide a better understanding of one proposed mechanism; the capability of lipoidal components in LBDDS formulations to create and maintain a drug in a supersaturated state under simulated GI conditions. Moreover, molecular details of equilibrium solubilization of a drug in a series of model lipid assemblies were examined. The results of these studies …

Preclinical Evaluation Of Lobeline For The Treatment Of Adhd: Comparison With Psychostimulant Therapies, Yolanda D. Williams

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

This dissertation work investigated the effect of acute and repeated in vivo administration of lobeline on dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) function. The effects of lobeline were then compared to the effects of acute and repeated in vivo administration of methylphenidate and amphetamine to determine if lobeline produced similar effects compared to these Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) medications. These medications are considered the first line of pharmacotherapy for ADHD, although there is a growing concern associated with their potential for abuse and other side effects. This merits the need for novel ADHD treatments that have a …

Factors Controlling Hop Flowering And Their Potential For Use In The Brewing And Pharmaceutical Industries, Margaret Nicole Crain

Honors Program Theses

Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a dioecious, perennial vine grown in temperate regions across the world (Stevens et al., 1997). Today hop is being used for two purposes. The first and most prolific is its use in beer brewing. The other is a recent development, but ever growing interest in the use of hops for pharmaceuticals.

Adrenal Beta-Arrestin 1 Inhibition In Vivo Attenuates Post-Myocardial Infarction Progression To Heart Failure And Adverse Remodeling Via Reduction Of Circulating Aldosterone Levels, Anastasios Lymperopoulos, Phd, Giuseppe Rengo, Md, Carmela Zincarelli, Md, Jihee Kim, Phd, Walter J. Koch, Phd

Center for Translational Medicine Faculty Papers

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether adrenal betaarrestin 1 (betaarr1)-mediated aldosterone production plays any role in post-MI HF progression.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) represents one of the most significant health problems worldwide and new and innovative treatments are needed. Aldosterone contributes significantly to HF progression after myocardial infarction (MI) by accelerating adverse cardiac remodeling and ventricular dysfunction. It is produced by the adrenal cortex after angiotensin II (AngII) activation of AngII type 1 receptors (AT1Rs), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that also signal independently of G proteins. G protein-independent signaling is mediated by betaarrestin (betaarr) -1 and -2. We recently reported that …

Day Of Dialogue On Multipurpose Prevention Technologies: Toward Clarity In Nomenclature, Martha Brady, C. Elizabeth Mcgrory

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The report summarizes a half-day meeting convened by the Population Council to clarify the wide variety of nomenclature and concepts associated with multipurpose prevention technologies (MPTs). The first section outlines where different types of products are reviewed within the FDA and existing processes that could be applied to MPTs. This is followed by a section that reviews what guidance exists and what else may be needed for review of products like MPTs that address two (or more) indications, including those with a single active, two actives, and multiple components. This meeting identified some of the specific opportunities and challenges for …

Synthesis, Screening And Cocrystallization Of Adenosine Based Inhibitors With Methyltransferases, Ermc' And Ksga, Matthew Baker

Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotic resistance threatens to throw mankind back into an era when infectious disease was the predominant cause of death. In an effort to mitigate this danger, we targeted ErmC’ and KsgA. Both methylate N6-adenosine of ribosomal RNA, though each serve different roles in their bacterial host. ErmC’ dimethylates A2058 on 23S rRNA, conferring resistance to MLSB antibiotics (macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B). KsgA aids in ribosome assembly, binding inactive 30S until dimethylating A1518/A1519 of 16S rRNA. Like most methyltransferases, ErmC’ and KsgA use cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as their methyl source, which binds adjacent to their specific adenosine substrate. ErmC’ inhibitors could …

Should Pseudoephedrine (Pse) Be Moved From Behind The Counter To Prescription-Only? An Analysis Of Pse As An Otc Medication And A Precursor For Methamphetamine Production, Jerry Dillon

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

Kentucky State Senator Tom Jensen recently sponsored Senate Bill 45, which would change pseudoephedrine (PSE) from an over-the-counter to a schedule V prescription-only drug. The bill failed, but the debate continues as to whether Kentucky should make PSE, a precursor required to manufacture illicit methamphetamine, a controlled drug that is available by prescription only.

Methamphetamine abuse has been increasing in Kentucky as well as in the rest of the country, despite efforts to control the sale of PSE through federal and state legislation. The Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act (CMEA) of 2006 and Kentucky’s initiative to electronically monitor the sales of …

The Incidence Of Hip Fracture Associated With Proton Pump Inhibitor (Ppi) And/Or H2 Receptor Antagonist (H2ra) Use In The Kentucky Medicaid Population, Timothy C. Umeh

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

No executive summary.