Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Characterization Of Pasteurella Multocida Strains Isolated From Geese, Zsuzsanna Varga, Dmitriy V. Volokhov, Laszlo Stipkovits, Akos Thuma, Boglarka Sellyei, Tibor Magyar

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of forty-two Pasteurella multocida isolates from geese were characterized by analysis of their capsular type, Heddleston serotype, biotype, fimbrial gene allele type, comparative outer membrane protein (OMP) electrophoresis patterns, and were analyzed using PCR for the presence of virulence-associated genes (toxA, tbpA, pfhA, hgbA, hgbB, nanH, nanB, fimA, hsf-1, and pmHAS). A sequence comparison of the thdF and rpoB housekeeping genes of twenty representative P. multocida strains from three different OMP groups demonstrated that seventeen strains were closely related phylogenetically to previously published strains of P. multocida subsp. multocida and P. multocida subsp. gallicida, and only …

A Thousand Tiny Pieces: The Federal Circuit’S Fractured Myriad Ruling, Lessons To Be Learned, And The Way Forward, Jonathan R. K. Stroud

IP Theory

No abstract provided.

Pharmaceutical Formulation Development Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion And Other Techniques For Development Of Immediate And Controlled Release Dosage Forms, Noorullah Naqvi Mohammed

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Hot melt extrusion (HME) was evaluated as a processing technology for the manufacture of immediate as well as controlled release formulations for oral delivery of two model compounds. For immediate release applications lower molecular weight grades of Hydroxypropyl cellulose polymers, EF and ELF, were utilized as carrier matrices to form solid solutions of a poorly soluble compound, Ketoprofen (KPR). Thermal characterization techniques were used to confirm thermal stability, miscibility and setting up processing conditions for extrusion. Extruded matrices were pelletized to be filled into pellets or further milled and compressed into tablets. Pellets exhibited a carrier dependent release with ELF …

Effects Of Off-Label Prescribing On Patient Decision Making, Douglas Paul

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: Despite the comuse of off-label prescribing in the US, no research has been conducted to understand the impact of off-label prescribing on patient decision making. This study sought to measure the impact on trust in physicians, intentions of involvement in the decision making, beliefs about the drug, and initial compliance intentions in elderly and nonelderly populations. Methods. This study was designed to assess the effects of off-label prescribing using a 2 × 2 × 2 design. Using an online panel, 830 consumers were surveyed, 409 elderly and 421 nonelderly, using 8 different scenarios based on disease criticality, off-label use …

Functional Studies Of Novel Bioactives From Complex Host-Microbiomes As Drug Leads For Cancer, Infectious Disease, Depression And Pain, John Jason Bowling

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The drug discovery process has become increasingly complex in comparison to early efforts particularly those involving diseases or conditions that affect large numbers of the human population. It is difficult to point directly to one factor leading evolution of the process but the definition of a mechanism of pharmacological action for a drug lead has noticeably become a higher priority. This evolution has helped diminish the stigma of natural products and compound supply issues. The issue of compound supply has also been addressed to some extent with the emergence of recombinant technologies and new synthetic methodology. With approximately 60 years …

The Effects Of A Multi-Component Wellness Program On Employee Biometrics, Jennifer Erin Patrick

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Corporate wellness initiatives are gaining momentum as a critical indicator of business performance. Metabolic Syndrome is commonly used within corporations to assess the health of their employees and estimate potential healthcare costs. Using five risk factors (blood pressure, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose, and waist circumference) individuals with three or more risk factors are classified as having Metabolic Syndrome. Voluntary pre and post health screenings were conducted at a rural manufacturing plant. A multi-component wellness program was conducted over six months to determine if the program would have significant beneficial effects on employee biometrics and Metabolic …

An Evaluation Of Medicaid Programs Using Medication Use-Related Quality Measures, Vennela Thumula

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To assess quality of care provided to Medicaid beneficiaries using medication use-related quality indicators. Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of 2006 & 2007 Medicaid administrative claims data from 45 states and DC. Eleven medication use-related measures (adherence/persistence and standard of care) from the AHRQ initial core set were included. A composite measure of medication use-related quality was also created. Patient case-mix adjusted measure scores were computed using hierarchical logistic regression models. States were ranked on both case-mix adjusted and unadjusted scores and categorized into top (?20%), medium (60%) and bottom (?20%) performers. Agreement in rankings and groups …

The Effect Of Exercise On Mechanical Pressure Pain Threshold In The Presence And Absence Of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness, Brandon Tynes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research has shown decreased pain sensitivity (hypoalgesia) during and following maximal and sub-maximal isometric exercise (Koltyn, 2002). Research on fibromyalgia patients however has shown the same exercises increase pain sensitivity (hyperalgesia) (Staud, Robinson, & Price, 2005; Kosek, Ekholm, & Hansson, 1996). The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of exercise on pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in the presence and absence of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) within the ipsilateral (contracting) and contralateral quadriceps muscle and plurisegmental finger. Data were collected using twenty-five male participants (aged 18-29) over five testing days: two days of familiarization, one day of …

Isolation, Structure Elucidation And Biological Evaluation Of Natural Products From Plants And Fungi, Xiaoning Wang

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Natural products have provided considerable value for drug discovery over the past half-century. Nearly four fifth of drugs were natural products or inspired by natural compounds. Bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from natural source, either fungal or terrestrial, are relatively safer for human health and the environment and can serve as drug or as drug leads for the development of synthetic or semi-synthetic analogs. Natural products have also been successfully used in agriculture as plant growth regulators, signal transductions, fungicides, herbicides and tranquilizers. In our continued efforts to identify bioactive compounds, seventy-seven plant and fungal extracts were evaluated using a direct-bioautography …

Antileishmania Compounds From An Unidentified Endophytic Fungus And Biotransformation Of 5,7,2`,4`,5`-Pentahydroxyflavonol, Ahmed Idris

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease remaining a major public health problem. It causes illness and death especially in developing countries. Comchemotherapeutic agents currently used are often inadequate, requiring long courses of parenteral administration, having toxic side effects or becoming less effective due to the emergence of resistant strains. Thus, there is an urgent need for new, effective, and inexpensive drugs. In the fight against leishmaniasis, natural products are important sources of novel therapeutic agents. The goal of our research is to study secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi as a source of effective antileishmanial agents. Many crude extracts from endophytic fungi …

Dynamic Informed Consent Processes Vital For Treatment With Antidepressants, Abilash A. Gopal, Lisa Cosgrove, Itay Shuv-Ami, Emily E. Wheeler, Melissa J. Yerganian, Harold J. Bursztajn

Counseling, School Psychology & Sport Faculty Publication Series

Advances in technology and transparency have greatly accelerated the ability of clinicians to remain current with regards to being informed and informing patients about the risk/benefit ratio when considering antidepressant medication. In spite of this, the current climate of pharmaceutical industry influence on medical practice does much to hinder informed consent processes. Recent findings of previously unknown and potentially dangerous adverse effects of the second- and third-generation classes of antidepressants underscore the importance of enhancing the practice of informed consent. After considering the concept of informed consent as it has evolved over time, the authors summarize some of the newer …

Discovery Of Novel Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta Inhibitors: Molecular Modeling, Virtual Screening, And Biological Evaluation, Gang Fu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase which is engaged in a variety of signaling pathways, regulating a wide range of cellular processes. Due to its distinct regulation mechanism and unique substrate specificity in the molecular pathogenesis of human diseases, GSK-3 is one of the most attractive therapeutic targets for the unmet treatment of pathologies, including type-II diabetes, cancers, inflammation, and neurodegenerative disease. Recent advances in drug discovery targeting GSK-3 involved extensive computational modeling techniques. Both ligand/structure-based approaches have been well explored to design ATP-competitive inhibitors. Molecular modeling plus dynamics simulations can provide insight into the protein-substrate …

Geographic And Host-Microbe Symbiotic Influence On Secondary Metabolism, Samuel Hamed Abbas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis is composed of studies that regard the advancement to the Arctic region and the importance of host-microbe interactions in natural product discovery. Bioactive metabolites have been reported from a myriad of marine and terrestrial organisms around the world including plants, insects, sponges, tunicates, bacteria, and fungi among others. Many macroorganisms, of which the metabolites are found, depend on the symbiotic relationship of microorganisms for metabolite production. The scope of this work is to investigate secondary metabolism of both marine and terrestrial organisms from different areas of the world as well as search for the importance of host-microbe symbiosis …

Development And Comparative Predictive Validity Of An Outpatient Medication Exposure Measure For Risk Adjustment Using Retrospective Claims Data, Kyle Dennis Null

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a measure of outpatient prescription utilization (medication exposure measure, or MEM) that may be coupled with the CMS-HCC and CMS-RxHCC methodologies to improve risk-adjusted payments to Medicare Part C and Part D plans. Studies have identified prescription measures that predict future expenditures; however, many are easily manipulable by health plans or practitioners, thus limiting their utility as risk-adjusters. The addition of a non-manipulable prescription utilization measure to existing risk-adjustment models may improve prediction, reducing adverse risk selection incentives by health plans. A secondary objective of this study was to evaluate …

Student Success Tracking Pilot Program, Jane M. Souza, Richard O'Brocta

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Objective: The purpose of study is to pilot a program in which all P1 students input their exam grades for each course in the fall semester into E*Value. Alongside their grades they record reflections on their performance. This information, visible only to the individual students and their advisors, is used to promote meaningful dialog during advising sessions.

Method: A form was created in E*Value for students to input their exam grades and reflections on those grades. Faculty advisors were asked to use this data during advising sessions. Feedback was collected through Qualtrics surveys for faculty and students as well as …

Treating Mentoring Programs As A Scholarly Endeavor, Shane P. Desselle

Faculty Publications & Research of the TUC College of Pharmacy

The author discusses mentoring programs for pharmacy school faculty and the research literature around forming these programs.

Confounding Issues In Estimation Of Patient-Specific Pharmacokinetic Parameters And Dosage Individualization Of Aminoglycosides, Reza Mehvar

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are usually administered by multiple short intravenous infusions at fixed intervals. Today, equations reported 35 years ago by Sawchuk and Zaske are still the cornerstone of methods used for determination of patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters of aminoglycosides and individualization of drug dosage regimens in many clinical settings. Additionally, these methods are included in many clinical pharmacology curricula in pharmacy and other related fields. However, there are a few issues with regard to the application and/or modification of this method in clinical settings, which may result in some confusion among novice clinicians. For example, serum samples collected from different intervals …

Differential Effects Of Acute Amphetamine And Phencyclidine Treatment And Withdrawal From Repeated Amphetamine Or Phencyclidine Treatment On Social Interaction And Social Memory In Rats, Ming Li, Wei He, Rebecca Munro

Department of Psychology: Faculty Publications

Although animal models based on amphetamine (AMPH) or phencyclidine (PCP) treatment have been used extensively to study the neurobiological and behavioral characteristics of schizophrenia, there are conflicting reports regarding their validity in modeling the negative symptoms and cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. The present study examined how acute AMPH or PCP treatment (Experiment 1) and withdrawal from repeated AMPH treatment (Experiment 2) or PCP treatment (Experiment 3) affects social behavior and social recognition memory in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Each subject was tested on two consecutive days. On the first day, the rats were tested four times (5 min/each) at 10-min intervals …

Tp53 Codon 72 Polymorphism Affects Accumulation Of Mtdna Damage In Human Cells, Serena Altilia, Aurelia Santoro, Davide Malagoli, Catia Lanzarini, Josué Adolfo Ballesteros Álvarez, Gianluca Galazzo, Donald Carl Porter, Paolina Crocco, Giuseppina Rose, Giuseppe Passarino, Igor Roninson, Claudio Franceschi, Stefano Salvioli

Faculty Publications

Human TP53 gene is characterised by a polymorphism at codon 72 leading to an Arginine-to-Proline (R/P) substitution. The two resulting p53 isoforms have a different subcellular localisation after stress (more nuclear or more mitochondrial for the P or R isoform, respectively). p53P72 variant is more efficient than p53R72 in inducing the expression of genes involved in nuclear DNA repair. Since p53 is involved also in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, we wondered whether these p53 isoforms are associated with different accumulation of mtDNA damage. We observed that cells bearing p53R72 accumulate lower amount of mtDNA damage upon rotenone stress with respect …

In Vivo Quantitative Study Of Sized-Dependent Transport And Toxicity Of Single Silver Nanoparticles Using Zebrafish Embryos, Kerry J. Lee, Lauren M. Browning, Prakash D. Nallathamby, Tanvi Desai, Pavan K. Cherukui, Xiao-Hong Nancy Xu

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Nanomaterials possess distinctive physicochemical properties (e.g., small sizes and high surface area-to-volume ratios) and promise a wide variety of applications, ranging from the design of high quality consumer products to effective disease diagnosis and therapy. These properties can lead to toxic effects, potentially hindering advances in nanotechnology. In this study, we have synthesized and characterized purified and stable (nonaggregation) silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs, 41.6 ± 9.1 nm in average diameter) and utilized early developing (cleavage-stage) zebrafish embryos (critical aquatic and eco- species) as in vivo model organisms to probe the diffusion and toxicity of Ag NPs. We found that single …