Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Commons^™

Antibiotic Tolerance And Heteroresistance: Associated Fitness Costs And Potential In Evading Antibiotic Killing, Tina H. Dao

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a prominent human pathogen that causes both invasive and non-invasive diseases, such as otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, and bacteremia. Although it is frequently an asymptomatic colonizer of the human nasopharynx, S. pneumoniae is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the immune compromised population, young children, and the elderly. Up until the 1970s, S. pneumoniae was susceptible to almost all antibiotics. Since then, this pathogen has gained resistance to a variety of antibiotic treatments, including beta-lactams, macrolides, and fluoroquinolones.

In the first chapter, we focused on fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae. Fluoroquinolones are one of the …

Commencement Program 2021 (School Of Pharmacy), Loma Linda University

Commencement Programs

CONTENTS

1 | Message from the President

2 | 2021 Events of Commencement

4 | University Administration

5 | Significance of Academic Regalia

6 | University History Highlights

8 | Criteria for Institutional Awards

10 | Loma Linda University Health and Loma Linda University Honorees

23 | The Program, The School Honorees, and The Speaker

25 | Candidates for Degrees

30 | The Pharmacist’s Oath

31 | Awards

Combating Hiv-1 By Targeting Drug Efflux Transporters On The Macrophage Reservoir, Ying Mu

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction. HIV-1 eradication has not been achieved so far due to the existence of the cellular reservoir in which the virus can reside and replicate even under antiretroviral drug therapy (ART). Infected macrophages, which represent a long-term viral reservoir have been shown to lead to viral rebound independently. In response to the environmental stimuli, macrophages can be polarized into different phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2. Tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking, which are prevalent among people who are living with HIV-1, have been shown to promote HIV-1 progression and decrease the efficacy of antiretroviral drugs. A commonly …

J Mich Dent Assoc June 2021

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Every month, The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association brings news, information, and features about Michigan dentistry to our state's oral health community and the MDA's 6,200+ members. No publication reaches more Michigan dentists!

In this issue, the reader will find the following original content:

• A cover story “Team-Based Treatment of Oral Cancer: The U-M Experience”.
• A feature article, “Dental Management of the Head and Neck Cancer Patient Treated with Radiation Therapy: Update 2021”.
• A feature article on “Understanding Cyber Threats and the Risk they Pose to Your Practice”.
• "A Train-the-Trainer Education Model and Rural Dental Opioid Prescribing Outcomes”, a …

Retrospective Review Of Pharmacist Delivered Employee Medication Therapy Management (Mtm) Visits, Atuobi N. Yiadom Pharmd

Theses and Dissertations

Medication therapy management (MTM) services are evolving, and through collaborative practice agreements with providers, pharmacists are in a unique position to use their knowledge and skills to improve therapeutic outcomes for patients. Studies have shown that employer provided MTM services can lead to reduced spending on employer healthcare plan costs and improve overall health outcomes for beneficiaries of the MTM program. CentraCare offers MTM programs for their employees and their beneficiaries, but the program is underutilized due to lack of awareness and limited ambulatory care pharmacists to provide MTM services. This project covers ambulatory care pharmacists' role in improving employee …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Opioid Use For Adolescents At Us Emergency Departments, Michael T. Phan, Daniel M. Tomaszewski, Cody Arbuckle, Sun Yang, Candice D. Donaldson, Michelle A. Fortier, Brooke Jenkins, Erik Linstead, Zeev N. Kain

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Racial/ethnic disparities in the use of opioids to treat pain disorders have been previously reported in the emergency department (ED). Further research is needed to better evaluate the impact race/ethnicity may have on the use of opioids in adolescents for the management of pain disorders in the ED.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2016. Multivariate models were used to evaluate the role of race/ethnicity in the receipt of opioid agonists while in the ED. All ED visits with patients aged 11–21 years old were analyzed. …

Deprescribing In The Hospice Population, Who Is Eligible And Who Is Agreeable: A Quality Improvement Project, Ashlee Nicole Smith

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

Current evidence recommends and supports deprescribing medications to reduce polypharmacy in the hospice population. The project aim was to determine accurate percentages of deprescribing at three time periods: before hospice admission, at hospice enrollment, and four weeks post hospice enrollment. This project was a retrospective review of the medication administration record (MAR) of patients admitted into Sharp Hospice from a Sharp Healthcare facility. Sharp Hospice, in California, USA, admitted 164 patients during August 2020. Of those, 34 patients were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective quality improvement review. Prior to discharge from a Sharp facility, the percentage of target medications …

Effect Of Corporate Social Responsiblity Activities On Employee Engagement In The Lebanese Pharmaceutical Field, Ola Bazaza

BAU Journal - Creative Sustainable Development

This paper seeks to explore the interrelationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee engagement; first theoretically by reviewing the literature and secondly by surveying different respondents from across Lebanon working in different pharmaceutical fields. The aim of this paper was to seek a correlation between corporate social responsibility and how it would impact employee engagement and enthusiasm and if it would result in better return towards society. The data collected from the surveys was computed using SPSS program and the results in hand were analyzed in order to seek out the relation between the two studied factors. The results …

Clinical Management Of Covid-19: A Review Of Pharmacological Treatment Options, A. M. Heustess, M. A. Allard, D. K. Thompson, P. S. Fasinu

Pharmaceutical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Efficacy Of A Nursing-Driven Versus Provider-Driven Heparin Protocol, Naman Upadhyay, Md, Joseph Soucy, Md, Steven Manobianco, Md, Samantha Sokoloff, Md, Sairamya Bodempudi, Md, Veda Pejaver, Md, Max Ruge, Md, Lynda Thomson, Pharmd, Lily Ackermann, Md

Health Equity and Quality Improvement (HEQI) Summit

At Thomas Jefferson University Hospital patients who require heparin infusions are monitored either by nursing alone or the resident and the nurse together.

This project aims to determine:

1. Which protocol more efficiently shortens the time to therapeutic?
2. Are patients therapeutic longer under a certain protocol?
3. Do more patients under either protocol suffer from bleeding complications?

Phenolic Compounds Of Red Wine Aglianico Del Vulture Modulate The Functional Activity Of Macrophages Via Inhibition Of Nf-Κb And The Citrate Pathway, Anna Santarsiero, Paolo Convertini, Antonio Vassallo, Valentina Santoro, Simona Todisco, Dominga Iacobazzi, Yvonne N. Fondufe-Mittendorf, Giuseppe Martelli, Marcos R. De Oliveira, Rosangela Montanaro, Vincenzo Brancaleone, Johannes Stöckl, Vittoria Infantino

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Phenolic compounds of red wine powder (RWP) extracted from the Italian red wine Aglianico del Vulture have been investigated for the potential immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory capacity on human macrophages. These compounds reduce the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines and increase the release of IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In addition, RWP restores Annexin A1 levels, thus involving activation of proresolutive pathways. Noteworthy, RWP lowers NF-κB protein levels, promoter activity, and nuclear translocation. As a consequence of NF-κB inhibition, reduced promoter activities of SLC25A1—encoding the mitochondrial citrate carrier …

The Antibiogram: Key Considerations For Its Development And Utilization, William R. Truong, Levita Hidayat, Michael A. Bolaris, Lee Nguyen, Jason Yamaki

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The antibiogram is an essential resource for institutions to track changes in antimicrobial resistance and to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy. In this Viewpoint, data and examples from literature are presented that suggest institutions have not completely adopted the standardized approach in developing antibiograms, as variations in the development methodologies of antibiograms exist despite consensus guidelines (M39) published by CLSI. We emphasize developing antibiograms in line with the M39 recommendations will help ensure that they are accurate, reliable and valid, and highlight that understanding the limitations of antibiogram data is critical to ensuring appropriate interpretation and application to clinical decision-making. We …

Metabolites Profiling Of Coffee Seeds In Context To Their Origin, Processing And Gut Microbiota Interaction, Amr Abdelwareth

Theses and Dissertations

Coffee is among the most consumed beverages worldwide, with the present study to focus on the aroma and non-volatiles composition associated with coffee seeds processing, brewing methods and gut microbiota interaction. The study uncovered a large number of primary and secondary metabolites in diverse coffee products consumed in the Middle East in the context of its origin, roasting, and blends and microbiota mediated biotransformation products. First, aroma of authentic coffee specimens of Coffea arabica and Coffea robusta alongside with commercial products consumed in the Middle East were analyzed using HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS and modelled using multivariate data analyses (MVA). …

Fanconi Syndrome Leading To Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia Related To Tenofovir Use., Mana Rao, Liam Dadey, Thomas Glowa, Peter Veldkamp

Parkview Pharmacy Department

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is used worldwide to treat and prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Fanconi syndrome is a complication of TDF use and is characterized by inadequate reabsorption of glucose, phosphate and protein in the proximal tubule of the kidney which may eventually lead to osteomalacia manifested by symptoms of pain, muscular weakness and difficulty ambulating. We present a patient with severe osteomalacia due to progressive and unrecognized Fanconi's syndrome, who responded rapidly to TDF withdrawal, oral phosphate repletion and calcitriol. With the widespread use of TDF-containing antiviral regimens, it is critically important that physicians adhere to screening …

Efforts Toward Novel Methods For The Synthesis Of Stereochemically-Dense Pharmacologically Relevant Scaffolds, Lauren Nicole Tumbelty

Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen is the most common pure element, present in nearly all relevant chemical compounds. It is an essential component of the building blocks of life such as proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids and adenosine tri-phosphate. There is a naturally occurring exchange between living organisms and the atmosphere which begins with the process of fixation. Although nitrogen is naturally abundant, the strength of the triple bond in atmospheric nitrogen prevents its applicability in organic synthesis. Therefore, the development of methods to place synthetic nitrogen into heteroatomic compounds plays an important role in the development of pharmacologically relevant scaffolds. Contained within this …

Efficacy Of Telehealth Modalities In Medication Adherence For Older Adults, Mitchell Adrian C. Siy

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Manuscripts

About half of the geriatric population who take at least one medication find medication adherence challenging. Average adherence of an elderly patient taking one medication a day is about 80%. This adherence decreases to about 50% for patients taking medications four times a day. Nonadherence can lead to a myriad of preventable adverse effects that can reduce the quality of life and even result in death. In the United States, $100-300 billion could be saved in health care costs due to adverse effects of poor medication adherence. The purpose of this evidence-based project (EBP) is to improve medication adherence in …

Repurposing Of Antibiotics For Clinical Management Of Covid-19: A Narrative Review, Abdourahamane Yacouba, Ahmed Olowo-Okere, Ismaeel Yunusa Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Background: Drug repurposing otherwise known as drug repositioning or drug re-profling is a time-tested approach in drug discovery through which new medical uses are being established for already known drugs. Antibi‑ otics are among the pharmacological agents being investigated for potential anti-SARS-COV-2 activities. The antibiot‑ ics are used either to resolve bacterial infections co-existing with COVID-19 infections or exploitation of their potential antiviral activities. Herein, we aimed to review the various antibiotics that have been repositioned for the manage‑ ment of COVID-19.

Methods: This literature review was conducted from a methodical search on PubMed and Web of Science regarding antibiotics …

Development Of A Binge-Like Eating Animal Model Using Foods Of Varying Palatability: Effects Of The Catecholamine Uptake Blocker Lisdexamfetamine, Ariba Memon

Honors Scholar Theses

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a psychiatric disorder that is characterized by the consumption of an excessive amount of food in a short period of time despite not being hungry. Numerous animal models have been developed that can induce binge-like eating behavior through limited access to a highly palatable food. One such model utilizes Cadbury’s milk chocolate that is very successful in inducing binge-like eating behavior in both male and female rats. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX), a d-amphetamine prodrug and the only FDA approved pharmaceutical treatment for BED, has been shown to significantly reduce chocolate consumption in the chocolate binge-like animal model. …

Clinical Pharmacy Services And Medication Utilization In Hospice Care, Aishwarya Kulkarni

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: As discussed within the guidelines from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), pharmacists are an integral part of the hospice multidisciplinary team involved in optimizing the treatments. Methadone, a long-active opioid, is particularly useful in this population but may be clinically underutilized. Additionally, the cost share of medication utilization in hospice and palliative care is shifting towards hospice providers. The assessment of medication utilization and methadone use in this setting can help develop overall cost/clinical optimization strategies. Thus, there is a need to understand the use and expenditure of various medications and pharmacists' role in providing methadone …

Critically Ill Covid-19 Patients Exhibit Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Serological Responses, Mark Daley, Douglas D. Fraser, Gediminas Cepinskas, Marat Slessarev, Claudio M. Martin, Maitray A. Patel, Michael Miller, Eric K. Patterson, David B. O’Gorman, Sean E. Gill, Ian Higgins, Julius P. John, Christopher Melo, Lylia Nini, Xiaoqin Wang, Johannes Zeidler, Jorge A. Cruz-Aguado

Physiology and Pharmacology Publications

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health care emergency. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological profiling of critically ill COVID-19 patients was performed to determine their humoral response. Blood was collected from critically ill ICU patients, either COVID-19 positive (+) or COVID-19 negative (−), to measure anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins: IgM; IgA; IgG; and Total Ig (combined IgM/IgA/IgG). Cohorts were similar, with the exception that COVID-19+ patients had a greater body mass indexes, developed bilateral pneumonias more frequently and suffered increased hypoxia when compared to COVID-19-patients (p < 0.05). The mortality rate for COVID-19+ patients was 50%. COVID-19 status could be determined by anti-SARS-CoV-2 serological responses with excellent classification accuracies on ICU day 1 (89%); ICU day 3 (96%); and ICU days 7 and 10 (100%). The importance of each Ig isotype for determining COVID-19 status on combined ICU days 1 and 3 was: Total Ig, 43%; IgM, 27%; IgA, 24% and IgG, 6%. Peak serological responses for each Ig isotype occurred on different ICU days (IgM day 13 > IgA day 17 > IgG persistently increased), with the Total Ig peaking at approximately ICU day …