Dentistry Commons^™

The Use Of Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligatures And Composite Resin As An Alternative To Orthodontic Treatment In Closing Maxillary Anterior Spacing: A Case Report, Apinya Namkarunarunroj, Chalermpol Leevailoj

Chulalongkorn University Dental Journal

Objective This case report showed the alternative management of anterior spacing by the use of orthodontic elastomeric ligatures to redistribute the spaces at the maxillary anterior teeth of one patient and followed by closing all the spaces between teeth with composite resin restoration. Materials and methods A 23-year-old female presented with spacing in the maxillary anterior teeth. The teeth were located in a position which might not be suitable for achieving a restoration with good proportion. After evaluating the patientûs dentition with the recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion, it was concluded that minor tooth movement was needed by moving the …

Racemization Of Amino Acids In Teeth For The Determination Of Age, Andrea Lee Toll

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Instrumental to forensic investigations is the ability to identify unknown human remains providing key evidence to criminal cases, resolution to missing persons, and assistance in mass or natural disasters. Identification of remains in an effort to determine age is an area of forensics that has received considerable attention. Traditional methods in age determination such as morphology are often biased, antiquated, and frequently result in a large margin of error. Conversely, the emergence of new forensic techniques provide promise to reduce the margin of error in determining age. One such technique has focused on relating the extent of amino acid racemization …

New Dentist News (May 2012), Ada Committee On The New Dentist

New Dentist News

New Dentist News offers timely information on scientific, social, educational, political and economic developments affecting new dentists. This collection is historical and items may not reflect current standards. For up-to-date information contact the ADA. The New Dentist News was alternately titled ADA Lifeline, 1997-June 2001.

Rankl And Osteoprotegerin Levels In Response To Orthodontic Forces, Katherine Ann Hart D.D.S.

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic tooth movement is mediated by interactions between PDL cells and those of the alveolus. One protein—the receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)—is critical for osteoclastogenesis, and osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy ligand that competitively inhibits RANKL. A higher RANKL/OPG ratio is associated with areas of bone resorption, while a lower ratio occurs in areas of bone deposition and homeostasis. There have been almost no clinical studies of RANKL and OPG expression in human subjects undergoing orthodontic tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to quantify changes in the levels of RANKL and of OPG expression in …

A Secular Increase In The Tempos Of Tooth Formation: 1980-2010, Kevan Michael O'Neill

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction: Improved environments in the U.S. have resulted in taller, larger, and heavier children and adults compared to past generations. Studies of other skeletal-dental dimensions have shown increases across generations, and our perception is that teeth now are forming faster. The purpose of this study is to test for a secular trend towards faster tempos of tooth mineralization in a sample of U.S. white adolescents over the past quarter century (1980-85 to 2005-10).

Materials: Two cohorts of 200 children each were identified, each with an age range of 10-to- 15 years, one group from 1980-85 and the more recent group …

Pronthocyanidin-Rich Cranberry-Fractioninduced Alteration Of Periodontal Pathogen Lipopolysaccharide Functions, Vreiti Sangha

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The cranberry (species: Vaccinium macrocarpon, family: Ericaceae) is a polyphenolicrich berry fruit native to North America and exhibits numerous beneficial properties for human health, such as inhibition of human cancer cell line proliferation and prevention of urinary tract colonization by bacterial pathogens. The proanthocyanidin rich cranberry fraction has long been speculated to possess the capacity to reduce the production of inflammatory mediators by LPSstimulated macrophages and gingival fibroblasts and to inhibit host extracellular matrix destructive enzyme production and activity.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effect of cranberry non dialyzable material (NDM), which was shown to be …

Oropharyngeal Airway Volume Following Orthodontic Treatment: Premolar Extraction Versus Non-Extraction, Thomas Patrick Shannon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic correction of tooth size versus arch size discrepancy (TSASD) can be achieved with two distinct methods of treatment. The first involves the extraction of teeth to gain the space needed for tooth alignment. The second relies on arch expansion to gain the space needed for correction. In recent decades, arguments for and against the extraction of teeth for orthodontic purposes have become increasingly important, particularly in regards to oropharyngeal airway size. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a decrease in oropharyngeal dimensions following the extraction of four premolars and subsequent orthodontic therapy. Methods: …

Comparison Of Different Craniofacial Patterns With Pharyngeal Widths, Sarwat Memon, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To compare different craniofacial patterns with pharyngeal widths.

STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analytical study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Orthodontic Clinic at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from June 2002 to June 2010.

METHODOLOGY: Data were collected using pre-treatment records including orthodontic files and pre-treatment lateral cephalographs of 360 orthodontic patients. The inclusion criteria were subjects of Pakistani origin, aged between 14-20 years and having no pharyngeal pathology or complaints of nasal obstruction at the initial visit. The sample comprised a total of 360 subjects divided into 2 groups: skeletal Class I (n=180) and skeletal Class II (n=180) subdivided …

Oropharyngeal Airway Volume Following Orthodontic Treatment: Premolar Extraction Versus Non-Extraction, Thomas Patrick Shannon

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic correction of tooth size versus arch size discrepancy (TSASD) can be achieved with two distinct methods of treatment. The first involves the extraction of teeth to gain the space needed for tooth alignment. The second relies on arch expansion to gain the space needed for correction. In recent decades, arguments for and against the extraction of teeth for orthodontic purposes have become increasingly important, particularly in regards to oropharyngeal airway size. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a decrease in oropharyngeal dimensions following the extraction of four premolars and subsequent orthodontic therapy. Methods: …

Effect Of Light-Cure Initiation Time On Polymerization Efficiency And Orthodontic Bond Strength With A Resin-Modified Glass-Ionomer, J. T. Thomas, H. W. Roberts, L. Diaz, Thomas Gerard Bradley, David W. Berzins

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Objectives –  The polymerization and acid–base reactions in resin-modified glass-ionomers (RMGI) are thought to compete with and inhibit one another. To examine the effect of visible light-cure (VLC) delay on the polymerization efficiency and orthodontic bond strength of a dual-cured RMGI.

Setting and Sample Population –  The Orthodontics Graduate Program at Marquette University. An in vitro study utilizing 72 freshly extracted human bicuspid teeth.

Materials and Methods –  A RMGI light-cured immediately, 2.5, 5, or 10 min after mixing comprised the experimental groups. Isothermal and dynamic temperature scan differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the RMGI was performed to determine …

Retrospective Evaluation Of Oral Health Services For Underserved Children In Clark County, Nevada, Earl Taylor Spader

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Disparities in utilization of oral health services have been shown to exist through epidemiological investigations and data analysis. Specifically, disparities exist for utilization of preventative dental care (PDC) and unmet dental need (UDN). The disparities in utilization of PDC and UDN are associated with demographic and insurance variables.

To address the oral health disparities, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas-School of Dental Medicine (UNLV-SDM) was created to improve the health of the citizens of Nevada through innovative programs of oral healthcare services to the community. More recently, UNLV-SDM opened a pediatric dental residency training program to provide care directly to …

Perceived Social Attributes Of College Students With Ideal Versus Non-Ideal Dental Esthetics Judged By Peers., David Jones

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of dentofacial appearance on perceived social attributes of college-aged adult males and females as judged by their peers. Specifically, the objective was to determine if ideal smile esthetics positively influenced this age group’s perception of opposite-sex peers based on ratings of the following psychosocial characteristics: attractiveness, desire to spend time with, desire to date, and desire for a long-term relationship. Evaluators were shown digital photographs of subjects with ideal and nonideal smiles and asked to rate those 4 attributes using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The subjects’ photographs with ideal …

Compliance-Free Class Ii Correction And Its Relationship To Vertical Facial Characteristics, Michael Shoff

Theses and Dissertations

Background: While efficacy of the Forsus appliance has been shown, there are disagreements on its mechanism for Class II correction. Class II studies have been criticized for ignoring potential differences in results based on differing vertical facial phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of Class II correction using the Forsus appliance and relate changes during and at the completion of treatment to initial MP-SN angles. Materials and Methods: Records of 59 patients obtained at 4 different time points were examined retrospectively. ANOVA was used to describe the cephalometric changes and Pearson’s correlation tested for …

Mandibular Symphyseal Distraction Osteogenesis (Msdo): Association With Temporomandibular Dysfunction (Tmd) Symptoms, Sheldon Bates

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Transverse mandibular discrepancies are often overlooked during orthodontic treatment. MSDO is a treatment to address this issue, but much debate exists over the long-term implications on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Few studies have sample sizes sufficient to draw clear conclusions about the impact of MSDO on TMJ health. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated private practice records including 49 MSDO patients and 57 traditionally-treated controls. The subjects were assessed by TMD exams that evaluated jaw pain and discomfort using visual analog scales, range of motion for opening, right and left lateral, and protrusive movements, and the presence of clenching, …

The Impact Of Maternal Influences On Early Childhood Dental Caries, Rana Graham-Montaque

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal influences on the development of infant oral biofilm and early childhood dental caries. Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional design to evaluate factors influencing biofilm colonization and the identification of bacterial strains present in mother and child by utilizing oral health literacy surveys, clinical examinations, and plaque samples. Participants were enrolled in the Children’s Health Involving Parents of Greater Richmond (CHIP). Plaque samples and dental disease levels were collected from mother and children ages six months to thirty-six months. Oral Health Literacy was compared to both mother and child’s …

Parental Understanding Of Anesthesia Risk For Dental Treatment, Andrew Zale

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To determine which method of anesthesia risk presentation parents understand and prefer across their demographic variables Methods: As a cross-sectional study, questionnaires were distributed to 50 parents of patients (<7 years of age) in the VCU Pediatric Dental Clinic. Parents were asked of their own and their children’s demographics, previous dental and anesthesia experiences, and anesthesia understanding. Parents were then asked to rate the level of risk of several risk presentations and finally asked which method of risk presentation they most understood or preferred. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, likelihood chi square tests, and repeated measures logistic regression. Results: There was no evidence of a differential preference due to gender (P = 0.28), age (P > .9), education (P = 0.39) or whether they incorrectly answered any risk question (P > 0.7). There was some evidence that the three types were not equally preferred (likelihood ratio chi- square = 5.31, df =2, P-value = 0.0703). The best estimate is that 60% prefer charts, 34% prefer numbers, and 36% prefer activity comparisons. There was a relationship between the average relative risk of general anesthesia and age (r …

The Effectiveness Of Visual Aids In Motivational Counseling On Oral Health Literacy, Christian Peck

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if motivational interviewing with written/illustrated infant oral health education provided to caregivers of pediatric dental patients increases caregivers’ oral health literacy compared to verbal only motivational instruction. Methods: This is a cohort study of caregivers and their child receiving oral health anticipatory guidance utilizing motivational interviewing with and without visual aids. Caregivers (N=20) of pediatric dental patients age 0-4 that presented to the Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry for a new patient exam were recruited for the study. Caregivers were randomly assigned into 2 groups: the intervention group (IG), and …

The Fluoride Recharging Capability Of Orthodontic Materials: An In-Vitro Study, Christine Farah

Theses and Dissertations

Enamel demineralization in the form of white spot lesions (WSLs) around fixed orthodontic appliances is a persistent problem in patients with poor oral hygiene.These lesions can form rapidly within 4 weeks of bracket placement.The purpose of this in-vitro study was to investigate the fluoride recharging capability ofa commercially available orthodontic primer used to minimize the development of WSLs in patients. The three groups tested were: OpalSeal (n=20, Ultradent, South Jordan, UT), ProSeal (n=20, Reliance, Itasca, IL) and Transbond XT (control, n=10, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA). The samples(5mmin diameter x 1mm in thickness) weresuspended individually in vials filled with 10mL of …

Ada News - 04/23/2012, American Dental Association, Publishing Division

ADA News

Established in 1970 as the official newspaper of the American Dental Association, the ADA News serves practicing dentists and others allied to the dental profession in the U.S. and internationally. It is the No. 1 source of news and information about the many benefits and services the ADA delivers to members daily as well as timely information on scientific, social, political and economic developments affecting dentistry and health care.

The Effect Of Esthetic Crown Lengthening On Perceptions Of A Patient’S Attractiveness, Friendliness, Trustworthiness, Intelligence, And Self-Confidence, Samuel Lyon Malkinson

Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: Smile esthetics play a major role in the perception of a person’s attractiveness, as well as other social parameters. The study aim was to see if altering the gingival display of patients would affect perceptions of the aforementioned social parameters. METHODS: Smiling photographs were taken and then digitally altered so as to lengthen the teeth and reduce the amount of gingiva. These photographs were shown to a group of senior dental students, and a group of evaluators with no formal dental training. Groups were asked to rate each picture’s attractiveness, friendliness, trustworthiness, intelligence, and self-confidence. RESULTS: The digitally altered …