Orthodontics and Orthodontology Commons^™

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amanda Olejniczak

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: In orthodontics, contact dermatitis caused by nickel allergy should be of concern with the number of nickel-containing appliances and wires used. Stainless steel archwires are commonly used throughout orthodontic treatment. With the release of nickel from these wires, some manufacturers have turned to nickel-free stainless steel alternatives. The goal of this research was to compare nickel-free stainless steel with traditional stainless steel archwires with regard to mechanical properties and microstructure. Materials and Methods: Nickel-free stainless steel and regular stainless steel archwires from four companies were included. Five random samples of each wire, vertically mounted in fast-set acrylic, were indented …

Composition, Phase Structure, And Corrosion Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amrita Rakalla

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Stainless steel wires have long been used in orthodontics. The austenitic stainless steel used in orthodontics contains approximately 18 wt% chromium and 8 wt% nickel. Nickel improves the corrosion resistance and helps maintain the austenite structure of stainless steel. Nickel is the most allergenic metal and is the most common metal associated with contact dermatitis in orthodontics. Nickel-free wires have been developed, and it was the goal of this study to compare nickel-free and nickel-containing stainless steel orthodontic wires to determine and compare their composition, phase structure, and corrosion properties. For each test, nickel-free and conventional stainless steel wires were …

Dimensional Changes Of Facial Soft Tissue Associated With Rapid Palatal Expansion, Peter Charles Longo

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment demands excellent outcomes in both function and esthetics. Despite the popularity of rapid palatal expansion in orthodontic treatment, few studies have examined its consequences on facial soft tissue using direct anthropometric measurements. The primary goal of this study was to determine facial soft tissue changes immediately following rapid palatal expansion. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (age range, 8-17 years) attending Marquette Dental School Orthodontic Post-Graduate Clinic were enrolled in the study. Facial soft tissue measurements were taken with digital calipers at two separate time points (T0: initial exam and T1: thirty days following expansion); measurements were recorded …

Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Resistance To Sliding In The Fixed Orthodontic Appliance, David Robert Kennedy

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To determine the effects of mechanical vibrations produced from electric tooth brushes and a commercially available device called AcceleDent, on the resistance to sliding at the bracket-arch wire interface. Materials and Methods: All as-received wires and brackets were cleaned with 95% ethanol prior to testing. An individual metal bracket was mounted on a custom metal fixture. The custom metal fixture had a polyurethane material that resembled the mechanical feature of the human periodontal ligament. The test metal bracket was aligned and bonded passively with 4 other non-movable brackets using a straight piece of .0215" X .025" SS wire. Another …

An Investigation Into The Bonding Properties Of New Generation Ceramic Brackets As Compared To A Stainless Steel Bracket, Ami Inoue

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: More patients are seeking esthetic alternatives for their orthodontic treatment options, which has led to increased use of ceramic brackets in recent years. These brackets were marketed before independent scientific research was completed. Many of the early ceramic brackets used a silane coupling agent to allow for a chemical bond between the bracket and the adhesive resin. Early reports from clinicians of increased bond strengths and iatrogenic tooth damage after bracket removal were common. Manufacturers have made changes to their base designs, relying more on mechanical retention for bond strength. The goal of this study was to test the …

Frequency Of Dentofacial Asymmetries: A Cross-Sectional Study On Orthodontic Patients, Nita Kumari Bhateja, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Correction of orthodontic asymmetries is crucial to achieve functional occlusion, aesthetics and stability of post orthodontic treatment results. To date valid frequency data of dentofacial asymmetries in Pakistani orthodontic patients do not exist to document orthodontic treatment need. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency of dento-facial asymmetries, severity of dental asymmetries and to determine difference in frequency of dentofacial asymmetries in mixed and permanent dentition.
Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised of 280 patients (177 females and 103 males) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment having no craniofacial anomalies. Dento-facial asymmetries were assessed …

Correlating Vomer With Ceph Vectors In High And Low Mandibular Plane Angle Cases, Christopher James Wood

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Growth of the maxilla and mandible follow identifiable vectors of facial growth such as the Rickett’s Facial Axis (FA) and the Down’s Y-axis (YA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the anterior inferior vomer axis (AIVA) and posterior inferior vomer axis (PIVA) with the FA and YA in cases with high (32 degrees and above) and low (20 degrees and below) mandibular plane angles.

Methods: Pretreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 94 patients treated at the Loma Linda University Graduate Orthodontic Clinic meeting the inclusion criteria were used in this …

Effect Of Attending Doctor Changes On Orthodontic Treatment Times And Results, Emily Caskey Peppers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine if there was any significant difference in treatment time or results due to varying levels of attending doctor coverage in the Loma Linda University (LLU) graduate orthodontics clinic. Methods and Materials: The main study group of 191 subjects was split into high, medium and low coverage groups by primary attending doctor coverage and then by original attending doctor coverage. Treatment times, treatment results, and other variables were evaluated for each of the groups. Treatment results were evaluated using UK Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores. A second study group (289 subjects) included …

Comparison Between Ceph Analysis On Lateral Cephs, Cbct Scans, And Mri Scans, Jeffrey W. Lam

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Most current methods of obtaining images for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning involve the use of ionizing radiation. Given that patients often need records taken several times during treatment, an alternative should be found that does not involve ionizing radiation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) exists as a possible alternative. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare cephalometric measurements obtained from lateral cephs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, and MR scans. Methods: Lateral cephs, CBCTs, and MRIs were taken on 22 patients. 3 separate readers traced the images and the data was analyzed using Bland-Altman plots. Results: …

Comparison Of Digital And Cbct Synthesized Lateral Cephalograms, Da Lee

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the precision of lateral cephalometric Ricketts analysis measurements from NewTom 5G CBCT (NewTom) synthesized lateral cephalograms with Sirona Orthophos XG Plus (Sirona) digital lateral cephalograms. Materials & Methods: A Sirona digital lateral cephalogram and a NewTom synthesized lateral cephalogram of a phantom in the orthogonal and perspective projections were created. Metal washers in each plane of the phantom were measured in the vertical and horizontal dimensions and compared across the different imaging modalities. In Group 1, forty patients were randomly selected from the Loma Linda University Graduate Orthodontic Clinic who had …

Periodontal Health Of Anterior Teeth With Two Types Of Fixed Retainers, Andrew I. Corbett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Fixed retainers for anterior teeth have become a popular method for maintaining the position and function of teeth after orthodontic treatment. Various retainer designs, wire sizes and types have been used over the years. One problem with fixed retainers is that they complicate oral hygiene and therefore might negatively affect the periodontal tissues if left in place for long periods of time. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the periodontal health of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth retained with two different types of fixed retainers. Methods: Male and female subjects who had been in continuous orthodontic …

Photos And Silhouettes In Evaluating The Need For Bsso Surgery In Adult Females, Jessicah L. Moretz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine the anterior/posterior position of the mandible at which an orthodontist and oral surgeon would advise bilateral sagittal split osteotomy advancement or set back when evaluating adult female photos and silhouettes. Material & Methods: Fifty-one adult female profile photos and lateral cephalograms were collected. Subjects were selected who met three criteria: 1) ANB of 0-2, 2) balanced profile image, and 3) age greater than 18. The image and cephalometric tracing were morphed together to allow software simulation of mandibular prognathia and retrognathia in 2 mm increments. Orthodontists and oral surgeons evaluated morphed …

Changes In Pharyngeal Airway Dimensions Due To Mara Treatment In Class Ii Malocclusions, James K. Dillehay

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Orthodontic treatment effects on the pharyngeal airway have recently become a hot topic in the field of orthodontics. Current literature has shown facial skeletal morphology to be correlated with pharyngeal airway shape and volume. This study used CBCT imaging to identify what, if any, effects two different treatment modalities for correcting Class II malocclusions have on the pharyngeal airway volume. This retrospective study consisted of two groups of Class II patients: 38 patients (15 females, 23 males) treated with the MARA and an Edgewise appliance and 32 patients treated with an Edgewise appliance and Class II elastics. Both pre and …

Treatment Effects Of The Mandibular Anterior Repositioning Appliance (Mara) And Conventional Orthodontic Mechanics On Temporomandibular Joint Morphology: A Comparison Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography, Brenton E. Glassell

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Introduction: An ongoing debate exists in orthodontics about the amount of condylefossa remodeling and growth seen in Class II patients using functional appliance therapy. Some clinicians and researchers have found that that the use of functional appliances increases the amount of condylar growth and subsequent Class II skeletal correction; others believe that the mandible has a preset amount of growth and that conventional orthodontics will result in a similar amount of condylar growth to functional appliance therapy. Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare condylar remodeling in functional appliance treatment using the mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARA) to …

Premaxillary Characteristics In Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip And Palate: A Predictor For Treatment Outcome, Noha Ibrahim Abdelrahman Professor, Islam Tarek Hassan Professor

Dentistry

Objectives:

The aim of the current study was to investigate how bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) cases responded differently to presurgical orthopedics (PSO) and primary lip repair (LR) based on premaxillary characteristics. We suggest a clinically oriented descriptive classification for BCLP based on premaxillary characteristics.

Design and Setting:

A retrospective longitudinal comparative study where available records of all non-syndromic patients with complete BCLP attending the Cleft Clinic, affiliated to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt were assessed.

Sample Population and Methodology:

Twenty-two cases were collected over a 4-years period from 2008 to 2011 (15 boys …

An Analysis Of Adhesion Promoters On Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Brackets To Teeth, Loren Andrew Cadelinia

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of two adhesion promoters, EnhancetmLC and AssureRUniversal Bonding Resin, and their effects with two different adhesion systems (Light Bondtmand TransbondtmXT). To better understand their behavior upon failure, the amount of adhesive remnant remaining on the tooth surface was also observed.

Methods:One-hundred forty human premolars, which were extracted for reasons other than this study, were utilized and divided into seven groups of 20 teeth each. Groups A1 and B1 were bonded without adhesion promoters and with two different adhesive systems - Light Bondtmand TransbondtmXT. Groups A2 and B2 were …

Frictional Forces Of A Fixed, Esthetic Orthodontic Appliance System, Brady Michael Nance

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose: The demands of an all esthetic fixed orthodontic appliance system are ever increasing in today's world. Frictional values of an esthetic, fixed orthodontic appliance system are needed to evaluate their clinical effectiveness for orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frictional values of various esthetic orthodontic archwires ligated to an esthetic orthodontic bracket.

Methods: Three types of stainless steel and nickel titanium alloy (niti) esthetic orthodontic archwires (epoxy, poly, plastic) in four sizes (.016, .018, .017 x .025, .019 x .025 inches) were ligated to both a stainless steel bracket system and a ceramic (esthetic) …

Effect Of Gingival Margin Design On Retention Of Thermoformed Orthodontic Aligners, Daniel P. Cowley

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose: The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of gingival margin design (scalloped vs. straight cut at gingival zenith vs. straight cut 2mm above gingival zenith) on the retention of thermoformed aligners. Retention of aligners is a critical requirement for efficient tooth movement.

Methods: Two thermoform aligner materials were used, Invisacryl A and Invisacryl C, in 0.040 mil (1mm) thickness. Six aligner designs were fabricated for each of the two aligner materials (12 total aligner designs). Aligner designs are scalloped, straight cut at gingival zenith (0mm), and straight cut 2mm above gingival zenith on a model with attachments. …

Effectiveness Of Resin Infiltration And Mi Paste Cpp-Acp In Masking White Spot Lesions, Melissa Wu Bailey

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The development of decalcification around orthodontic brackets and bands, commonly called white spot lesions (WSLs), is often observed in patients with poor oral hygiene during treatment (Behnan et al., 2010, Rodgers et al., 2010). In many instances, these WSLs continue to be visible after the removal of fixed appliances and after natural remineralization. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment modalities, resin infiltration (RI) and Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), at improving the light reflectivity and thus the appearance of WSLs using spectrophotometric analysis. Sixty extracted human third molars were partially …

Accuracy Of Ortho Insight 3d Digital Scanner In Mesial-Distal Tooth Measurements, Andrew A. Ferris

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: Digital scanners and software may be used to measure mesial-distal (MD) tooth width for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Although there have been many studies performed on different digital scanners, accuracy of mesial-distal tooth measurements using the Ortho Insight 3D scanner and its software (Motionview Software LLC) has not been reported. Purpose: The objective of this study was to determine if the MD tooth measurements from the digital models scanned by Ortho Insight 3D are accurate compared to the measurements taken directly from the teeth and models with a digital caliper. Material and Methods: Individual MD tooth measurements were …