An In-Vitro Comparison Of Different Palatal Sites For Orthodontic Miniscrew Insertion: The Effect Of Bone Quality And Quantity On Primary Stability, Carine Bourassa

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Introduction: The maxillary hard palate is a desirable location for orthodontic miniscrew (OMS) placement. The related anatomy is well known, but little data exists regarding the primary stability of palatal OMSs.

Purpose: To assess the quality and quantity of human cadaveric palatal bone at different insertion sites using microCT imaging, and to determine their effect on the primary stability of OMSs.

Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty OMSs (VectorTAS^TM, 6 mm) were inserted into ten human cadaveric maxillary hard palates and maximal insertion torques (IT) were recorded. MicroCT images were obtained before and after OMS insertion for …

An Evaluation Of The Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle Bisector (Fmab) Wits Appraisal In The Assessment Of Anteroposterior Jaw Relationships In Class Ii Individuals, Harbinder Sangha

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning are of vital importance to practicing orthodontists. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle Bisector (FMAB) reference plane in the assessment of anteroposterior discrepancies in a sample of Class II Division 1 individuals. Comparisons were made between the FMAB, ANB angle, and maxillo-mandibular Bisector (MMB) in both treated and control samples of Class II Division 1 patients.

The data was collected from pre-treatment (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1) and two year post-retention (T2) lateral cephalograms of 40 female and 36 male Class II Division …

Evaluation Of The Occlusion And Maxillary Dental Arch Dimensions In The Mixed Dentitions Of Yemeni Population, Ahmed A. Madfa

Ahmed A. Madfa

Determination the dental arch dimensions in human populations is necessary for various fields of dental sciences. This study was designed to evaluate the maxillary dental arch dimensions of Yemeni children aged (10-12) years. The sample was gathered from primary and intermediate school in Sana'a city, Yemen. Clinical examination was performed on 200 subjects (100 males and 100 females) that fulfillment the criteria of this study. The examination was carried out for subjects that have either normal occlusion or class I with anterior dental crowding. Pairs of studying models for the dental arch was constructed and evaluated by special software for …

Esthetic Preferences Of Maxillary Incisor Labiolingual Inclination Across Races, Elvi M. Barcoma

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

ESTHETIC PREFERENCES FOR MAXILLARY INCISOR LABIOLINGUAL INCLINATION ACROSS RACES

by Elvi Marie Barcoma, D.D.S.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University

Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015

Major Director: Bhavna Shroff, D.M.D., M.Dent.Sc, Program Director, Orthodontics

Objective: To determine if people of different racial backgrounds prefer different amounts of

maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination from a smiling profile view.

Materials and Methods: An electronic survey was created with smiling profile images of an African-American female and a White female with varying degrees of maxillary incisor labiolingual inclination. …

In-Vitro Assessment Of A Novel Bracket's Effect On Resistance To Sliding, James Blackburn

Theses and Dissertations

Friction, binding and notching are the factors that contribute to resistance to sliding during orthodontic tooth movement. However, most attempts at reducing resistance aim only to reduce the archwire/ligature friction. In this study, a novel bracket with a unique design aimed to reduce all three components of resistance to sliding. Four types of brackets (passive and active self-ligating, traditionally ligated and the novel bracket, (n=5, each) were tested at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8ᵒ of tip on a 0.019 x 0.025”archwire. The resistance to sliding values were recorded. At 0ᵒ, the passive self-ligating and novel bracket showed reduced resistance …

Crown Size Comparisons In Patients With Unilateral Palatally Displaced Canines, Joseph Eliason, Steven J. Lindauer

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

CROWN SIZE COMPARISONS IN PATIENTS WITH PALATALLY DISPLACED CANINES

By Joseph L. Eliason, D.D.S.

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University.

Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015

Thesis Director: Steven J. Lindauer, D.M.D., M.Dent.Sc.

Professor and Chair, Department of Orthodontics

There has been significant debate over the past decades regarding the etiology of palatally displaced canines. Theorized risk factors include agenesis or malformation of the lateral incisors, incisor retroclination, transverse deficiency, or genetic predisposition. The purpose of this study is to compare the linear and volumetric …

Restoring Lateral Incisors And Orthodontic Treatment: Perceptions Among General Dentists And Othodontists, Matthew A. Sandretti, Bhavna Shroff, Steven J. Lindauer, Al M. Best

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare preferences and perceptions of orthodontists and general dentists when restoring peg-shaped lateral incisors. The investigation sought to summarize these preferences with regard to treatment planning, tooth preparation and interdisciplinary communication. A pair of mailed and electronic surveys was distributed to 1,500 general dentists and orthodontists, respectively. The results indicated that general dentists perceived that general dentists held the primary decision-making responsibility, while orthodontists disagreed (P<0.0001). Orthodontists prioritized the treatment goals of Class I canine relationship and overbite/overjet more significantly than general dentists, whom valued tooth proportions more highly (P<0.0001). General dentists reported receiving significantly less input than orthodontists report seeking (P<0.0001).The consensus of both groups showed that the tooth should be positioned centered mesiodistally and guided by the gingival margins incisogingivally. Both groups agree that orthodontists must improve communication to improve treatment results.

Efficacy Of The Flosspro Flosser Versus Finger Flossing In Orthodontic Patients, Sharareh S. Sabet

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The maintenance of good oral hygiene among orthodontic patients is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the oral hygiene habits, gingival health, and preference of orthodontic patients when using a floss aid compared to conventional finger flossing with a floss threader. Methods: Thirty-four adolescent and young adult patients with fixed orthodontic appliances and poor oral hygiene were enrolled from the Loma Linda University Graduate Orthodontic Clinic. This was a single blind crossover study. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (floss aid or finger floss) in phase I. After prophylaxis, subjects …

Cbct Evaluation Of Morphological Changes To Alveolar Bone Due To Orthodontic Tooth Movement, Jeremy M. Hoff

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The mandibular process is the anatomic factor that limits the orthodontic movement of the mandibular incisors, and awareness of this structural limitation may reduce the risk of potential damage to tooth roots and alveolar bone. A decision regarding the correct placement of the lower incisors will be largely determined by the amount of adaptation possible within the alveolar bone. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the adaptation of alveolar bone around the mandibular anterior teeth before and after orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: This study compared changes in area (mm2) …

Copper, Aluminum And Nickel: A New Monocrystalline Orthodontic Alloy, Mark Wierenga

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate, via tensile and bend testing, the mechanical properties of a newly-developed monocrystalline orthodontic archwire comprised of a blend of copper, aluminum, and nickel (CuAlNi). Methods: The sample was comprised of three shape memory alloys; CuAlNi, copper nickel titanium (CuNiTi), and nickel titanium (NiTi); from various orthodontic manufacturers in both 0.018” round and 0.019” x 0.025” rectangular dimensions. Additional data was gathered for similarly sized stainless steel and beta-titanium archwires as a point of reference for drawing conclusions about the relative properties of the archwires. Measurements of loading and unloading forces were recorded in …

The Effect Of Tooth Presence On Identification Of Tooth Socket Lamina Dura Surface: A Cbct Study, Morse Stonecypher

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Aim: The accuracy in identifying anatomical landmarks on CBCT images can be affected by the presence of surrounding anatomical structures with similar radiodensity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the presence of tooth structure on the accuracy in identifying the lamina dura surface, facial bone surface, facial and lingual bone margins, socket apex, as well as in facial bone thickness measurement. Materials & Methods: Three fresh cadaver heads were scanned using a NewTom 5G CBCT at 0.100 mm voxel size at three time-points: before extraction (T1), after extraction and reinsertion (T2), and after tooth removal …

Cbct And Cephalometric Analysis Of The Tmj Complex After Treatment Using A Mara Appliance, Melissa Danette Shotell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The mandibular anterior repositioning appliance (MARATM) is a fixed appliance intended for the correction of class II malocclusion. Many advocate the use of the MARA appliance to minimize patient non-compliance with treatment; however, little information is known as to the skeletal changes in the temporomandibular complex. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in the temporomandibular complex using both cephalometric and cone beam computerized tomography.

Materials and Methods: The initial and final treatment cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans of 5 patients treated with the MARA appliance were collected from the Loma Linda University Orthodontics Clinic. …

Skeletal Changes After Rapid Maxillary Expansion And Fixed Orthodontic Treatment: A Cbct Study, Chandler Ho

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography to quantitatively evaluate the skeletal effects of rapid maxillary expansion and orthodontic treatment, with a specific interest in evaluating whether the skeletal changes achieved by RME will maintain throughout orthodontic treatment. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients (16 boys, 14 girls; mean age, 13.9 ± 1.8 years) who required RME with Hyrax appliances as part of their comprehensive orthodontic treatment were studied. Measurements before and after RME, and after orthodontic treatment, of palatal and buccal maxillary widths, palatal alveolar angle, nasal width, nasal floor width, and maxillary sinus width at …

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amanda Olejniczak

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: In orthodontics, contact dermatitis caused by nickel allergy should be of concern with the number of nickel-containing appliances and wires used. Stainless steel archwires are commonly used throughout orthodontic treatment. With the release of nickel from these wires, some manufacturers have turned to nickel-free stainless steel alternatives. The goal of this research was to compare nickel-free stainless steel with traditional stainless steel archwires with regard to mechanical properties and microstructure. Materials and Methods: Nickel-free stainless steel and regular stainless steel archwires from four companies were included. Five random samples of each wire, vertically mounted in fast-set acrylic, were indented …

Effect Of Mechanical Vibration On Resistance To Sliding In The Fixed Orthodontic Appliance, David Robert Kennedy

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Objective: To determine the effects of mechanical vibrations produced from electric tooth brushes and a commercially available device called AcceleDent, on the resistance to sliding at the bracket-arch wire interface. Materials and Methods: All as-received wires and brackets were cleaned with 95% ethanol prior to testing. An individual metal bracket was mounted on a custom metal fixture. The custom metal fixture had a polyurethane material that resembled the mechanical feature of the human periodontal ligament. The test metal bracket was aligned and bonded passively with 4 other non-movable brackets using a straight piece of .0215" X .025" SS wire. Another …

Composition, Phase Structure, And Corrosion Of Nickel-Free And Nickel-Containing Stainless Steel Orthodontic Wires, Amrita Rakalla

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Stainless steel wires have long been used in orthodontics. The austenitic stainless steel used in orthodontics contains approximately 18 wt% chromium and 8 wt% nickel. Nickel improves the corrosion resistance and helps maintain the austenite structure of stainless steel. Nickel is the most allergenic metal and is the most common metal associated with contact dermatitis in orthodontics. Nickel-free wires have been developed, and it was the goal of this study to compare nickel-free and nickel-containing stainless steel orthodontic wires to determine and compare their composition, phase structure, and corrosion properties. For each test, nickel-free and conventional stainless steel wires were …

Dimensional Changes Of Facial Soft Tissue Associated With Rapid Palatal Expansion, Peter Charles Longo

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment demands excellent outcomes in both function and esthetics. Despite the popularity of rapid palatal expansion in orthodontic treatment, few studies have examined its consequences on facial soft tissue using direct anthropometric measurements. The primary goal of this study was to determine facial soft tissue changes immediately following rapid palatal expansion. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight patients (age range, 8-17 years) attending Marquette Dental School Orthodontic Post-Graduate Clinic were enrolled in the study. Facial soft tissue measurements were taken with digital calipers at two separate time points (T0: initial exam and T1: thirty days following expansion); measurements were recorded …

An Investigation Into The Bonding Properties Of New Generation Ceramic Brackets As Compared To A Stainless Steel Bracket, Ami Inoue

Master's Theses (2009 -)

Introduction: More patients are seeking esthetic alternatives for their orthodontic treatment options, which has led to increased use of ceramic brackets in recent years. These brackets were marketed before independent scientific research was completed. Many of the early ceramic brackets used a silane coupling agent to allow for a chemical bond between the bracket and the adhesive resin. Early reports from clinicians of increased bond strengths and iatrogenic tooth damage after bracket removal were common. Manufacturers have made changes to their base designs, relying more on mechanical retention for bond strength. The goal of this study was to test the …

Frequency Of Dentofacial Asymmetries: A Cross-Sectional Study On Orthodontic Patients, Nita Kumari Bhateja, Mubassar Fida, Attiya Shaikh

Section of Dental-Oral Maxillofacial Surgery

Background: Correction of orthodontic asymmetries is crucial to achieve functional occlusion, aesthetics and stability of post orthodontic treatment results. To date valid frequency data of dentofacial asymmetries in Pakistani orthodontic patients do not exist to document orthodontic treatment need. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency of dento-facial asymmetries, severity of dental asymmetries and to determine difference in frequency of dentofacial asymmetries in mixed and permanent dentition.
Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional study comprised of 280 patients (177 females and 103 males) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment having no craniofacial anomalies. Dento-facial asymmetries were assessed …

An Evaluation Of The Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle Bisector (Fmab) Wits Appraisal In The Assessment Of Anteroposterior Jaw Relationships, Natalie Swoboda

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

An accurate anteroposterior measurement of jaw relationships is essential in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to establish a new cephalometric Wits appraisal using a bisector of the mandibular plane angle, named the Frankfort Mandibular Plane Angle Bisector (FMAB). The FMAB was used to assess the sagittal jaw relationship in a sample of Class I individuals, and compare this measurement to the ANB angle and the Wits appraisal using the Maxillomandibular Bisector (MMB).

The data were collected from pre-treatment (T0), immediate post-treatment (T1) and two year post-retention (T2) lateral cephalograms of 61 male and …