Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Dietary Strawberries Improve Serum Metabolites Of Cardiometabolic Risks In Adults With Features Of The Metabolic Syndrome In A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial, Arpita Basu, Kenneth Izuora, Andrew Hooyman, Hal R. Scofield, Jeffrey L. Ebersole

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Dietary strawberries have been shown to improve cardiometabolic risks in multiple clinical trials. However, no studies have reported effects on serum metabolomic profiles that may identify the target pathways affected by strawberries as underlying mechanisms. We conducted a 14-week randomized, controlled crossover study in which participants with features of metabolic syndrome were assigned to one of the three arms for four weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, 1 serving (low dose: 13 g strawberry powder/day), or 2.5 servings (high dose: 32 g strawberry powder/day). Blood samples, anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and dietary and physical activity data were …

Molecular Characteristics Of Periodontal Health: Collagens: Defining The Healthy Human Gingival Collagen Transcriptome, Christina Zachariadou, Thomas Hart, Deborah Hooper, Angelo Mariotti

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Background: Defining periodontal health has been an ambitious and complex goal. The numerous and varied definitions of what constitutes periodontal health have resulted in a collection of subjective and unreliable clinical findings to diagnose and classify periodontal health and disease. The aim of this study was to fundamentally delineate the molecular characteristics of healthy periodontal tissues in men and women as they age, using the most abundant connective tissue component: Collagens. Methods: Healthy gingival biopsies were separated into “young” (aged 18–35 years, five men/five women) and “old” (≥60 years, five men/four women) age groups depending on biological sex. RNA was …

Potential Of Biduri Fiber (Calotropis Gigantea) As Material For Oil Spill Absorbent, Anne Sukmawati, Wulan Septiani

Journal of Materials Exploration and Findings

Biduri fiber (Calotropis gigantea) is a natural hollow fiber with hydrophobic and oleophilic properties potentially used as oil spilled sorbent from seawater. This study aims to determine the absorption capacity and efficiency of the Biduri fiber and membrane to fuel oil. Measurement of oil absorption to seawater was carried out at various fiber weights (0.5-1.5 g), fiber composition (50-95%), contact time (10-90 minutes), temperature (30 and 50°C), and compared with commercial products. The results showed that the fiber weight variation of 0.5-1.5 g has an average absorption efficiency of 96.67%, and the highest absorption was obtained in a weight of …

Inhibition Of Ribosome Assembly Factor Pno1 By Crispr/Cas9 Technique Suppresses Lung Adenocarcinoma And Notch Pathway: Clinical Application, Sanjit K. Roy, Shivam Srivastava, Andrew Hancock, Anju Shrivastava, Jason Morvant, Sharmila Shankar, Rakesh K. Srivastava

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Growth is crucially controlled by the functional ribosomes available in cells. To meet the enhanced energy demand, cancer cells re-wire and increase their ribosome biogenesis. The RNA-binding protein PNO1, a ribosome assembly factor, plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and also examine the molecular mechanisms by which PNO1 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited growth and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of PNO1 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared to normal lung tissues. PNO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients increased with …

A Longitudinal Observational Study Of Medical Cannabis Use And Polypharmacy Among Patients Presenting To Dispensaries In Pennsylvania, Emily R. Hajjar, Allison Herens, Erin L. Kelly, Kayla Madden, Jessica M. Lungen, Brooke K. Worster

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Background: Cannabis use is increasing among adults to treat a variety of health conditions. Given the potential for interactions and adverse events, it is important to assess the use of medical cannabis along with other concomitant medications when assessing for polypharmacy. Methods: The objective of this observational, longitudinal study was to examine medical cannabis (MC) use along with concomitant medications over 12 months in patients with serious medical conditions enrolled in the Pennsylvania (PA) Department of Health’s (DOH) Medical Marijuana Program and to collect and catalog which forms of MC patients are taking along with their concomitant medications. Results: There …

Hereditary Angioedema: Diagnosis, Clinical Implications, And Pathophysiology, Evan S. Sinnathamby, Peter P. Issa, Logan Roberts, Haley Norwood, Kevin Malone, Harshitha Vemulapalli, Shahab Ahmadzadeh, Elyse M. Cornett, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in the C1 esterase inhibitor gene. HAE affects 1/50,000 people worldwide. Three main types of HAE exist: type I, type II, and type III. Type I is characterized by a deficiency in C1-INH. C1-INH is important in the coagulation complement, contact systems, and fibrinolysis. Most HAE cases are type I. Type I and II HAE result from a mutation in the SERPING1 gene, which encodes C1-INH. Formally known as type III HAE is typically an estrogen-dependent or hereditary angioedema with normal C1-INH activity. Current guidelines now recommend subdividing …

Characterization, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, And Anti-Inflammatory Activities Of Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Phragmanthera Austroarabica A. G. Mill And J. A. Nyberg Extract, Shady Swidan, Dina Khodeer, Sarah Shabayek, Ali Nasr, Roaa Khinkar, Mohammed Aldurdunji, Maryam Ramadan, Jihan Badr

Pharmacy

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that exhibited great expansion all over the world. It is becoming an epidemic disease adding a major burden to the health care system, particularly in developing countries.

Methods: The plant under investigation in the current study Phragmanthera austroarabica A. G. Mill and J. A. Nyberg is traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) of the plant and pure gallic acid (40 mg/kg), a major metabolite of the plant, as well as their silver nanoparticle formulae (AgNPs) were evaluated for their antidiabetic activity.

Results …

Community Risks For Sars-Cov-2 Infection Among Fully Vaccinated Us Adults By Rurality: A Retrospective Cohort Study From The National Covid Cohort Collaborative, Alfred Jerrod Anzalone, Jing Sun, Amanda J. Vinson, William H. Beasley, William B. Hillegass, Kimberly Murray, Brian M. Hendricks, Melissa Haendel, Carol Reynolds Geary, Kristina L. Bailey, Corrine K. Hanson, Lucio Miele, Ronald Horswell, Julie A. Mcmurry, J. Zachary Porterfield, Michael T. Vest, H. Timothy Bunnell, Jeremy R. Harper, Bradley S. Price

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background While COVID-19 vaccines reduce adverse outcomes, post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection remains problematic. We sought to identify community factors impacting risk for breakthrough infections (BTI) among fully vaccinated persons by rurality. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of US adults sampled between January 1 and December 20, 2021, from the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). Using Kaplan-Meier and Cox-Proportional Hazards models adjusted for demographic differences and comorbid conditions, we assessed impact of rurality, county vaccine hesitancy, and county vaccination rates on risk of BTI over 180 days following two mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations between January 1 and September 21, 2021. Additionally, …

Effects Of Disulfiram On The Metabolome Of Mrsa, Surya Teja Naidu

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Disulfiram, known as Antabuse®, is an oral drug for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Previous studies have indicated that disulfiram (DSF) exhibits antibacterial effects, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our study delves into the antibacterial mechanism of DSF in MRSA through High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) metabolomics, investigating the underlying mechanism of DSF effects on thiamine and amino acid metabolism. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) plays a crucial role as a cofactor for critical enzymes such as transketolase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase. These enzymes are integral to the carbohydrate metabolism process within bacterial cells. TPP also contributes …

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Response To Vitamin D Supplementation Using Different Lipid Delivery Systems In Middle-Aged And Older Adults: A Randomised Controlled Trial, Aisling F. Mccourt, Steven L. Mulrooney, Graham O'Neill, E. Dolores O'Riordan, Aifric M. O'Sullivan

Articles

Food fortification improves vitamin D intakes but is not yet mandated in many countries. Combining vitamin D with different dietary lipids altered vitamin D absorption in in vitro and postprandial studies. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of the lipid composition of a vitamin D-fortified dairy drink on change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Sixty-three healthy adults aged 50+ years were randomised to one of the following for 4 weeks: vitamin D-fortified olive oil dairy drink, vitamin D-fortified coconut oil dairy drink, vitamin D supplement or placebo control dairy drink. All vitamin D groups received 20 µg of vitamin …

Monitoring And Modelling The Glutamine Metabolic Pathway: A Review And Future Perspectives, Zohreh Mirveis, Paul Cahill, Nitin Patel, Hugh Byrne

Articles

In this review, the contribution of NMR to the metabolomics field will be discussed—particularly as it relates to cancer and drug metabolism research. An overview of the typical NMR metabolomic experiment will be presented while emphasizing important caveats ranging from experimental design to data interpretation.

The Opioid Epidemic: Effects On Recidivism In West Virginia, Emilee Frye, Elizabeth Williams

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The opioid epidemic began in the 1990s with an increased prescribing of opioids across the nation. Between the years 2013 and 2014, opioid overdose death rates began to increase in West Virginia. By the year 2015, West Virginia held the highest number of opioid overdose death rates in the country. In 2021, fatal overdoses claimed more than 1,417 lives in West Virginia and of those 1,417, an estimated 1,201 of them were due to opioid use.

West Virginia had the highest opioid drug overdose rate in the nation and one of the highest incarceration rates for opioid-dependent individuals. West Virginia …

Utilizing The Zebrafish Species, Danio Rerio, To Assess The Effect Of Acute Treatment With St. John’S Wort Supplements On Anxiety As Measured By The Novel Dive Tank Test, Sebastian Woodson, Lori Mcgrew Dr.

Research Projects

Background: The zebrafish species, Danio rerio, is a widely utilized model organism with well-characterized behaviors including anxiety-like behavior when placed into a novel environment. In addition, the fish can be treated with substances by immersion.

St. John’s Wort has been suggested as a plant-based treatment for depression and anxiety because it contains compounds that inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT) among other effects. A number of St. John’s Wort supplements are commercially available.

The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) estimates that about 19% of US adults suffer an anxiety disorder each year and about 31% will experience an anxiety disorder …

Modification Of Hyaluronic Acid To Enable Click Chemistry Photo-Crosslinking Of Hydrogels With Tailorable Degradation Profiles, Ciara Buckley

Articles

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring mucopolysaccharide that, due to its inherent bioactivity and extracellular matrix-like structure, has the potential to be utilised extensively in tissue engineering. However, this glycosaminoglycan lacks the properties required for cellular adhesion and photo-crosslinking by UV light, which significantly hinders this polymers applicability. This research presents a method for modifying hyaluronic acid via thiolation and methacrylation to generate a novel photo-crosslinkable polymer with improved physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and the potential to customize biodegradability according to the ratio of monomers used. A decrease in stiffness proportional to increasing thiol concentration was observed when testing the …

Prenatal Buprenorphine Exposure Reduces Expression Of Myelin Proteins In Neonatal Longs-Evans Rat, Christopher James Grahe

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

In the USA and especially in WV, there has been a surge in the rise of opioid use disorder (OUD), and with it a rise in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). What makes this rise in NAS so unfortunate is that the Medications for OUD (MOUD) do not prevent the development of NAS. Although the relationship between MOUD and NAS is still unclear, it is thought that buprenorphine, one of the main substances used to treat OUD in pregnant women, may feed into the development of NAS, which may affect mental and physiological development and cause other health problems. Via understanding …

Quantifying Metal Interactions With The Antimicrobial Peptide Calcitermin, Maria G. Aviles-Sandoval, Michael Stevenson

Featured Student Work

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are novel therapeutic agents that play important roles in the innate immune system with its ability to kill gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotics are losing their efficacy, thus requiring a larger dose of medicine for treatment resulting in the increase of antibiotic resistance. AMPs are an attractive approach for exploration due to their broad-spectrum activity and ease of synthesis. Furthermore, fewer bacteria have developed resistance to AMPs. Several AMPs have demonstrated increased antimicrobial activity with metal ions, like Zn(II) and Cu(II) binding to the peptide. In this study, we performed the purification of Calcitermin through high-performance liquid …

Oral Contraceptives And Mood Disorders, Ping-Yu Chen, Vyvy Hoang, Kyle Nguyen, Crystal Nuno, Lauren Riddle, Thao Phan, Jaydon Siao

Physician Assistant Studies | Student Literature Reviews

Background information: Oral contraceptives are one of the most common types of birth control women use to prevent pregnancy. The most widely prescribed pill form contains estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone helps prevent pregnancy while estrogen controls menstrual bleeding. Today, researchers are investigating whether the use of oral contraceptives will increase the chances of developing a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder. These disorders, though common, affect patients by interfering with their daily activities.

Principal focus: Behavioral changes were compared to determine if there is a significant increase in the risk of being diagnosed with a mood disorder (i.e. …

Observing Ceramide Pathway With Ferroptosis Via Mia Paca-2 Cell Treatment With Rsl3, Tazrin Rahman

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Composed of sphingosine and a fatty acid, ceramides are lipid molecules that serve as key metabolic signaling molecules of a sphingolipid pathway. While it acts as a precursor of complex sphingolipids, inducing ceramide generation can cause cell stress leading to subsequent cell death via apoptosis, necrosis, and even mitophagy. With regards to cell death specifically, a novel form of regulated cell death, ferroptosis, has recently been recognized of necrotic nature. Its unique morphological features and distinct properties have been observed over the last several decades; however, the molecular features were not identifiable as pure evidence of cell death, until recently …

Prosaas And Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cydney Battle

OUR Journal: ODU Undergraduate Research Journal

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, prion diseases, Huntington’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease undeniably wreak havoc on the system of the body. The catastrophic effects of neurodegenerative diseases are felt by the reality of being incurable and the resulting effect of the progressive degeneration of the individual’s physical and mental stature. Through continuous research, experimentation, and an understanding of how neurodegenerative diseases develop and function, scientific tactics against the development and progression of these diseases will be uncovered. The abnormal aggregation of proteins is largely attributed to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In the instance of abnormal protein aggregation, the …

Development And Praxis Of Ph Drug Delivery System Contra Zika, Julissa Rodriguez

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

As the effects of global warming continue to spread throughout the world, another critical issue is slowly gaining attention in many urban tropical countries. The Emerging Infectious Diseases/ Pathogens list from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) listed the Zika virus as a potential pandemic threat. In 2015, an outbreak of Zika was noted in several South American countries until the spread reached an all-time high of 87 countries in 2017. During the outbreaks, adults affected were noted to have joint and muscle pains, fevers, and rashes. The worst cases reported would ultimately lead to Guillain-Barre symptoms. Still, pregnant women …