Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Antiplatelet Strategy For Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis, Waqas Ullah, Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Amro Taha, Smitha Narayana Gowda, Maryam Mukhtar, Aravind Reddy Polam, Salman Zahid, David L. Fischman, Michael P. Savage, Sunil V. Rao, Mohamad Alkhouli

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Optimal duration and choice of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention remain controversial.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Digital databases (PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase) were queried to select all randomized controlled trials on a post-percutaneous coronary intervention population with acute coronary syndrome. Dual-antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel for 12 months was compared with 4 major strategies: high-potency, high- to low-potency, low-dose, and short-duration DAPT. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare the safety and efficacy of different antiplatelet strategies. This study was the second updated manuscript under the International Prospective Register of Systematic …

Pathological Fractures And The Perils Of Purchasing Steroids Online, Danielle C Thor, Valerie Rome

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Exogenous steroids are a staple of modern medicine, with utility in a variety of direct and supplemental treatment modalities. However, all pharmaceuticals are undoubtedly coupled with unique side effect profiles, and steroids are no exception. In the case presented, the assessment and management of a 36-year-old male who inappropriately self-administered high-dose steroids for prolonged periods of time is reviewed. In doing so, attention is drawn to both the impact of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and the greater risk of online availability of these powerful medications.

Extraction Method Effects On Structural Properties And Functional Characteristics Of Dietary Fiber Extracted From Ginseng Residue, Xiaoyu Feng, Kashif Ameer, Karna Ramachandraiah, Guihun Jiang

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

In this research, the dietary fibers (DFs) from ginseng residue were extracted by employing three different extraction methods (alkaline: AL, acidic: AC, enzymatic: EN). The extracted DFs were characterized in terms of their structural and functional properties. The results clearly showed that, regardless of the extraction methods, all DF samples exhibited representative infrared spectral features. The DF extracted by AC (citric acid) had more porous structures with a looser configuration, in conjunction with high apparent viscosity, whereas the DF extracted by EN (α-amylase and protease) exhibited higher thermal stability. Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the DF samples was significantly influenced …

High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin [Hs-Ctn] As A Valuable Biomarker For Pulmonary Hypertension Risk Stratification: A Contemporary Review Of The Literature, Vijay Durga Pradeep Ganipineni, Sahas Reddy Jitta, Mohan Chandra Vinay Bharadwaj Gudiwada, Jaswanth Rao Jasti, Chaitra Janga, Bhavyasri Merugu, Revanth Reddy Bandaru, Srikanth Puli, Vikramaditya Samala Venkata, Advait Vasavada, Rupak Desai

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) can lead to cardiac failure, thereby signif- icantly affecting life expectancy and quality of life. Due to inadequate disease surveillance and risk assessment, clinical challenges persist despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to review the potential of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) as a biomarker for predicting outcomes in PH patients. Methods: A thorough examination of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted through March 2023. Studies involving adult PH patients and hsTn as a prognostic indicator of outcomes such as mortality, hospitalization, and disease progression were included, after screening their titles and abstracts. …

Il-7rα On Cd4+ T Cells Is Required For Their Survival And The Pathogenesis Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis, Gholamreza Azizi, Bram Van Den Broek, Larissa Ishikawa, Hamed Naziri, Reza Yazdani, Guang-Xian Zhang, Bogoljub Ciric, Mohamad Rostami

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) binds both IL-7 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). IL-7Rα is essential for the development and survival of naive CD4+ T cells and their differentiation to effector/memory CD4+ T cells. Mice lacking IL-7Rα have severe lymphopenia and are resistant to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis. However, it has been reported that IL-7Rα on peripheral CD4+ T cells is disposable for their maintenance and EAE pathogenesis, which does not align with the body of knowledge on the role of IL-7Rα in the biology of CD4+ T cells. Given that a definitive study …

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy In The Atls/Acls Resuscitative Management Of Acutely Ill Or Severely Injured Patients With Severe Anemia: A Review, Keith W. Van Meter

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

For short periods, even without the presence of red blood cells, hyperbaric oxygen can safely allow plasma to meet the oxygen delivery requirements of a human at rest. By this means, hyperbaric oxygen, in special instances, may be used as a bridge to lessen blood transfusion requirements. Hyperbaric oxygen, applied intermittently, can readily avert oxygen toxicity while meeting the body's oxygen requirements. In acute injury or illness, accumulated oxygen debt is shadowed by adenosine triphosphate debt. Hyperbaric oxygen efficiently provides superior diffusion distances of oxygen in tissue compared to those provided by breathing normobaric oxygen. Intermittent application of hyperbaric oxygen …

Cryo-Em Analysis Of Pseudomonas Phage Pa193 Structural Components, Stephano M. Iglesias, Chun-Feng Hou, Johnny Reid, Evan Schauer, Renae Geier, Angela Soriaga, Lucy Sim, Lucy Gao, Julian Whitelegge, Pierre Kyme, Deborah Birx, Sebastien Lemire, Gino Cingolani

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The World Health Organization has designated Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a critical pathogen for the development of new antimicrobials. Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, have been used in various clinical settings, commonly called phage therapy, to address this growing public health crisis. Here, we describe a high-resolution structural atlas of a therapeutic, contractile-tailed Pseudomonas phage, Pa193. We used bioinformatics, proteomics, and cryogenic electron microscopy single particle analysis to identify, annotate, and build atomic models for 21 distinct structural polypeptide chains forming the icosahedral capsid, neck, contractile tail, and baseplate. We identified a putative scaffolding protein stabilizing the interior of the capsid 5-fold …

Subterranean Medicinal Bottles Are Treasures That Reveal The Growth Of Lincoln's Early Drug Stores, Mark Griep, June Weber, Erik Schulz, Effie Athanassopoulos

Department of Anthropology: Faculty Publications

Archeologists unearthed medicine bottles embossed with the names of nine early Lincoln (Nebraska) drug stores, giving insight into the rapid growth of pharmacies and health care from the 1880s up to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

The Effects Of Cannabinoids On Migration-Related Protein Expression In Ewing’S Sarcoma, Allison Lashall

Theses

Ewing’s sarcoma is an aggressive pediatric bone cancer that has low five-year survival rates, primarily due to metastatic disease and resistance of recurring tumors to traditional treatment options; therefore, novel treatment options are needed. The compound cannabidiol (CBD) has been shown to reduce cell viability, migration, and invasion in several tumor types, though the cellular mechanism of action is not well understood. Our lab has demonstrated the ability of CBD to reduce viability, migration, and invasion of Ewing’s sarcoma cells in vitro and is investigating differential protein and cytokine expression of known mediators of migration, such as intercellular adhesion molecule …

Mannosylated Pamam G2 Dendrimers Mediated Rate Programmed Delivery Of Efavirenz Target Hiv Viral Latency At Reservoirs, Rohini Kharwad, Mohsin Kazi, Nilesh Mahajan, Payal Badole, Sachin More, Asaad Kayali, Md Noushad Javed, Mohammed Kaleem

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications

In this current research, we conceptualized a novel nanotechnology-enabled synthesis approach of targeting HIV-harboring tissues via second-generation (G2) polyamidoamine (PAMAM) mannosylated (MPG2) dendrimers for programmed delivery of anti-HIV drugs efavirenz (EFV) and ritonavir (RTV). Briefly, here mannose served purpose of ligand in this EFV and RTV-loaded PAMAM G2 dendrimers, synthesized by divergent techniques, denoted as MPG2ER. The developed nanocarriers were characterized by different analytical tools FTIR, NMR, zeta potential, particle size, and surface morphology. The results of confocal microscopy showed substantial alterations in the morphology of H9 cells, favored by relatively higher drug uptake through the MPG2ER. Interestingly, the drug …

Transcription And Post-Translational Mechanisms: Dual Regulation Of Adiponectin-Mediated Occludin Expression In Diabetes, Yanru Duan, Demin Liu, Huahui Yu, Shihan Zhang, Yihua Xia, Zhiyong Du, Yanwen Qin, Yajing Wang, Xin-Liang Ma, Huirong Liu, Yunhui Du

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Occludin, a crucial component of tight junctions, has emerged as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of acute ischemic disease, highlighting its significant potential in clinical applications. In the diabetes, Occludin serves as a downstream target gene intricately regulated by the adiponectin (APN) signaling pathway. However, the specific mechanism by which adiponectin regulates Occludin expression remains unclear.

METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelial-specific Ocln knockdown reduced APN-mediated blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation and nullified APN's protection against high-fat diet (HFD)-triggered apoptosis and angiogenesis inhibition in vivo. Mechanically, we have meticulously elucidated APN's regulatory role in Occludin expression through a …

Sex Differences In Active Avoidance And Neural Circuit Mechanisms In Contextual Fear Generalization, Carly Vincent

Theses and Dissertations

The current studies were aimed to investigate two behavioral hallmarks of anxiety and stress-related disorders, avoidance responses and the over-generalization of fear. In the first set of studies, active avoidance and extinction learning, that parallels exposure therapy in preclinical rodent models, were used. It is known that stress can influence aversive learning and extinction training, which can result in poor extinction retention. However, it is not well understood how the stress response is facilitating extinction resistance in active avoidance learning across sexes. Therefore, the first set of studies aimed to investigate the role of biological sex and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) …

Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-Oxide Derivatives As New Antinocardial Agents, Isidro Palos, Alonzo Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Alma D. Paz-Gonzalez, José C. Espinoza-Hicks, Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Norma Paniagua-Castro, Marlene S. Galeana-Salazar, Jorge Ismael Castañeda-Sánchez, Julieta Luna-Herrera, Gildardo Rivera-Sanchez

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences Faculty Publications

Mycetoma is currently considered as a neglected tropical disease. The incidence of mycetoma is unknown but most of the worldwide cases are present in the “mycetoma belt” including countries like Mexico, India, Senegal, and others. The treatment of mycetoma depends on the etiological agent responsible for the case. Treatment success reaches 60 to 90%; however, common treatment has been reported to be ineffective in some cases, due in part to resistance to the prescribed antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic options. In the past two decades, quinoxaline derivatives have shown relevance as antibacterial agents. Therefore, in this …

Managing Menopause: The Evolving Role Of Estrogens, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, And Phytoestrogens In Balancing Hormonal Fluctuations, Cassande Besong, Sandy Philippeaux, Ansa Bham, Naicha Gustinvil, Abigayle Castine, Giustino Varrassi, Patricia Sutker, Benjamin C. Miller, Caroline R. Burroughs, Sonja Gennuso, Sahar Shekoohi, Alan D. Kaye

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Menopause is characterized by the cessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months. In this narrative review, we describe the transitional stages of menopause, clinical presentation, pharmacological management of symptoms, and effects on fluctuating hormone levels. To standardize the stages of menopause, the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop + 10 (STRAW+10) system was designed with five distinct categories corresponding to symptom presentation and numerical years. Common clinical presentations consist of vasomotor hot flashes, mood changes, decreased libido, osteoporosis, and genitourinary changes, all of which are associated with changes in hormone levels. Because hormones play a major role in the mechanism of …

Global Burden Of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance 1990–2021: A Systematic Analysis With Forecasts To 2050, Gbd 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, Geminn Louis C. Apostol

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Background

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses an important global health challenge in the 21st century. A previous study has quantified the global and regional burden of AMR for 2019, followed with additional publications that provided more detailed estimates for several WHO regions by country. To date, there have been no studies that produce comprehensive estimates of AMR burden across locations that encompass historical trends and future forecasts.

Methods

We estimated all-age and age-specific deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable to and associated with bacterial AMR for 22 pathogens, 84 pathogen–drug combinations, and 11 infectious syndromes in 204 countries and territories from …

Authentication Of Shallots From Brebes Using Gas Chromatography Fingerprinting Technique Combined With Chemometrics, Yana Setyani Pradina, Adelia Puteri, Gina Fauzia Rachma, Nazwa Balqis, Gerli Puspita Anggraini, Hendri Wasito

Makara Journal of Science

Shallots from Brebes, also called Bima Brebes, have a more pungent aroma compared to other varieties. Its high demand results in increased prices in the market, leading to frequent cases of fraud wherein Bima Brebes shallots are replaced with other types of shallots. This study aimed to develop an analytical method using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID) fingerprinting combined with chemometrics to authenticate Bima Brebes shallots. Essential oils were extracted through ultrasonic hydrodistillation, followed by organoleptic, refractive index, GC-FID fingerprinting and chemometric analysis. The yield value of the five studied shallot varieties ranged from 0.02% to 0.08% w/w. Meanwhile, the …

Molecular Architecture Of Chitin And Chitosan-Dominated Cell Walls In Zygomycetous Fungal Pathogens By Solid-State Nmr, Qinghui Cheng, Malitha C. Dickwella Widanage, Jayasubba Reddy Yarava, Ankur Ankur, Jean Paul Latgé, Ping Wang, Tuo Wang

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Zygomycetous fungal infections pose an emerging medical threat among individuals with compromised immunity and metabolic abnormalities. Our pathophysiological understanding of these infections, particularly the role of fungal cell walls in growth and immune response, remains limited. Here we conducted multidimensional solid-state NMR analysis to examine cell walls in five Mucorales species, including key mucormycosis causative agents like Rhizopus and Mucor species. We show that the rigid core of the cell wall primarily comprises highly polymorphic chitin and chitosan, with minimal quantities of β-glucans linked to a specific chitin subtype. Chitosan emerges as a pivotal molecule preserving hydration and dynamics. Some …

Noninvasive Multi-Cancer Detection Using Blood-Based Cell-Free Micrornas, Jason Zhang, Hallgeir Rui, Hai Hu

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Patients diagnosed with early-stage cancers have a substantially higher chance of survival than those with late-stage diseases. However, the option for early cancer screening is limited, with most cancer types lacking an effective screening tool. Here we report a miRNA-based blood test for multi-cancer early detection based on examination of serum microRNA microarray data from cancer patients and controls. First, a large multi-cancer training set that included 1,408 patients across 7 cancer types and 1,408 age- and gender-matched non-cancer controls was used to develop a 4-microRNA diagnostic model using 10-fold cross-validation. In three independent validation sets comprising a total of …

Modeling Of Benzimidazole Derivatives As Antimalarial Agents Using Qsar Analysis, Ruslin Hadanu, Marham Sitorus

Makara Journal of Science

In this study, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) analysis was conducted on 20 homologous compounds of benzimidazole derivatives. The structures of the benzimidazole derivatives were optimized using the semiempirical Parameterized Model 3 method of HyperChem for Windows 8.0 to obtain 14 descriptors. Then, multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis was performed using the backward method. The results of the MLR analysis obtained four new QSAR equation models. Based on statistical criteria, model 1 was determined as the best QSAR equation model in predicting the theoretical IC₅₀ values of the new benzimidazole derivatives. As many as 20 new compounds of benzimidazole derivatives …

Cd8Α Structural Domains Enhance Gucy2c Car-T Cell Efficacy, Trevor R. Baybutt, Ariana A. Entezari, Adi Caspi, Ross E. Staudt, Robert D. Carlson, Scott A. Waldman, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Despite success in treating some hematological malignancies, CAR-T cells have not yet produced similar outcomes in solid tumors due, in part, to the tumor microenvironment, poor persistence, and a paucity of suitable target antigens. Importantly, the impact of the CAR components on these challenges remains focused on the intracellular signaling and antigen-binding domains. In contrast, the flexible hinge and transmembrane domains have been commoditized and are the least studied components of the CAR. Here, we compared the hinge and transmembrane domains derived from either the CD8ɑ or CD28 molecule in identical GUCY2C-targeted third-generation designs for colorectal cancer. While these structural …