Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Oral Contraceptives As Possible Acl Injury Prevention Method, Haley Schweizer

Capstone Showcase

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries are an upsetting setback for many athletes that require a long and costly recovery process. The injury rates are four times greater in women than men. Preventative measures that help to prevent ACL injuries are limited to stretching and strengthening. Therefore, this review aims to investigate if oral contraceptive [I] usage provides a possible new avenue for prevention of ACL injury [O] in young female athletes (ages 18-30) [P] compared to those that do not take oral contraceptives [C].

Methods: A literature review was performed though PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS Database, and ClinicalKey …

Metformin’S Role In The Prevention Of Type 2 Diabetes In Individuals Diagnosed With Prediabetes: A Systematic Literature Review, Jillian Williamson

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The United States is facing a growing epidemic of unchecked and untreated individuals with prediabetes. While lifestyle interventions have remained the gold standard of treatment, has this been enough? A literature review was carried out to identify metformin’s role in treatment and management of prediabetes as well as perceived barriers to its prescribing. A total of 24 articles met inclusion criteria. Main findings include (a) metformin is effective in reducing the incidence of diabetes, though not as effective as lifestyle interventions; (b) certain populations did benefit more from metformin usage then other populations; (c) there was more treatment compliance with …

Analyzing The Effects Of Opioids On Cortical Pore Networks In Rabbit Tibiae And Femora, Kassidy Wilson

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The following project was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) (Protocol number #18-11-12 ARC). This study was completed as a subset of Dr. Andronowski's overarching lab project. Femora and tibiae were procured from New Zealand White rabbits to study the prolonged effects of opioid use in bone remodeling. This specific project analyzed the effects of opioids on the pore networks and the pore orientation.

Review Of Drug And Biologics Recalls: 2009 Through 2019, Vimala Devi Gollamudi

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

This study analyzed drugs and biologics recalls for the period of 2009 and 2019. The data used in the study was generated from Food and Drug Administration records. A total of 466 drugs and 84 biologics were recalled during the 11-year period. The common causes of drug product recalls included contamination, defective products, and mislabeling. Defective product, mislabeling, and defective packaging were observed to be the common causes of recall for biologics. Injectables have the highest percentage of recalls in drug products, and blood and blood products had the highest percentage of recalls in biologics. Controlling the contamination of injectable …

Non-Pharmacological Interventions For Alcohol, Marijuana, And Opioid Use During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review, Hannah Safranek, Madeline Frausto, Amy King, Stoneking Madison

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of this review is to analyze evidence on prevalence of opioid, alcohol and marijuana use during pregnancy and answer the PICOT question: In pregnant women addicted to or using marijuana, opioids, and alcohol, how do non-pharmacological interventions, compared to standard care of pharmacological interventions alone, affect health outcomes in mothers and neonates between birth to hospital discharge? Diagnosis of substance use disorder is increasing and with it comes increased risk of complications to mother and neonate including neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS), fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and other negative neonatal and maternal outcomes. Evidence was identified on the online …

Development Of A Method For The Detection And Quantification Of Various Benzodiazepines And Z-Drugs In Human Blood And Qualitative Identification In Urine Samples Using Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (Lc-Ms/Ms), Haley Michel

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This method developed in the toxicology department at the Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner’s Office (CCMEO) detects 40 benzodiazepines and metabolites along with several z-drugs in blood and urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. A sample amount of 0.5 mL was used to detect analytes in postmortem drug facilitated sexual assault and impaired driving cases. Twenty-nine analytes met criteria for quantification while the remaining 14 were used as qualitative indicators. Bias and precision results for quality controls met criteria, staying within ±15% except for clonazolam and etizolam which were within ±20%. Quantitative reporting criteria which included dilution integrity was met …

Eecp Improves Markers Of Functional Capacity Regardless Of Underlying Ranolazine Therapy, Sanaz Ziad, Jamil Malik, Obinna Isiguzo, Lang Xu, Leqi Chen, Annette Cox, Sachin Shah

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

OBJECTIVE: Enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP) and ranolazine are approved treatments for patients with chronic stable angina by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Whether EECP offers clinical benefits regardless of underlying ranolazine therapy needs further investigation.

METHODS: This was a retrospective evaluation of patients referred to a specialized EECP center. Patients having data on 6-Minute Walk Distance (6MWD) or Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) were categorized into two groups (EECP with ranolazine or EECP only). The primary endpoints were change in 6MWD and DASI before and after a full course of EECP within each of the two groups. …

Modulation Of K V 7 Channel Deactivation By Pi(4,5)P 2, Carlos A. Villalba-Galea

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

The activity of K_V7 channels critically contributes to the regulation of cellular electrical excitability in many cell types. In the central nervous system, the heteromeric K_V7.2/K_V7.3 channel is thought to be the chief molecular entity giving rise to M-currents. These K⁺-currents as so called because they are inhibited by the activation of Gq protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. In general, activation of Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) decreases the concentration of the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P₂ which is required for K_V7 channel activity. It has been recently reported that the deactivation rate of K …

Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins Lowering Effect Of Sevelamer In Pre-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Hyperphosphatemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Kullaya Takkavatakarn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Background: P-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate are strongly associated with cardiovascular events, and all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study was conducted to compare the effects between sevelamer and calcium carbonate on protein-bound uremic toxins in pre-dialysis CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia. Methods: After 2 weeks of the run-in period, 40 pre-dialysis CKD patients with persistent hyperphosphatemia were randomly assigned to receive either daily 2,400 mg of sevelamer or 1,500 mg of calcium carbonate for 24 weeks. Serum p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), lipid profiles, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were evaluated. The primary …

Antifungal Defense Molecules From Bacterial Symbionts Of North American Trachymyrmex Ants, Georgia Scherer

CMC Senior Theses

Defensive symbioses, in which microbes provide molecular defenses for an animal host, hold great potential as untapped sources of therapeutically useful antibiotics. Fungus-growing ants use antifungal defenses from bacterial symbionts to suppress pathogenic fungi in their nests. Preliminary chemical investigations of symbiotic bacteria from this large family of ants have uncovered novel antifungal molecules with therapeutic potential, such as dentigerumycin and selvamicin.

In this study, the bacterial symbionts of North American Trachymyrmex fungus-growing ants are investigated for antifungal molecules. Plate-based bioassays using ecologically-relevant fungal pathogens confirmed that these bacteria have antifungal activity. In order to purify and identify the antifungal …

Determining The Antibacterial Activity And Mode Of Action Of Tirandamycin, Hailey Bouchard

CMC Senior Theses

Tirandamycin is a small molecule natural product that has been isolated from various species of marine and terrestrial Streptomyces. The natural product has shown antibacterial activity against an array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, showing promise as a pharmaceutical drug. Tirandamycin has 14 known derivatives, many of which have been created synthetically. Some of its derivatives are particularly potent against the high-risk bacteria vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. However, the antibacterial potency of these derivatives has not been tested systematically leading to the possibility of discovering more potent …

Naming Convention, Interchangeability, And Patient Interest In Biosimilars, Mariana P. Socal, Jace B. Garrett, William B. Tayler, Ge Bai, Gerard F. Anderson

Faculty Publications

Although biosimilars may offer cost savings over their comparable biologics, use of biosimilars in the United States remains relatively low. This study investigates two barriers to uptake of biosimilars in the United States. First, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration requires that four-letter suffixes be added to the nonproprietary names of all biosimilars, as well as to the nonproprietary names of all biologics approved after March 2020. Second, biosimilars are not interchangeable with their reference biologic product at the pharmacy counter; a new prescription is needed for the biosimilar to be dispensed in place of the biologic. We conducted two …

The Effectiveness Of Cannabidiol In Rheumatic Disease Pain: A Systematic Review, Mary C. Wiczek

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Cannabinoids have long been a part of human culture and medicine, and more recently have been rediscovered for their potential use in the management of rheumatic disease pain. The objective of this review was to evaluate the known clinical effectiveness of cannabidiol treatment for rheumatic disease related pain. The legality and current regulation of these products was also reviewed to establish the current status of federal and state rules regarding their clinical use. Basic definitions of the terms used to differentiate cannabidiol from other cannabinoid products was also outlined. A systematic literature search was then conducted to explore the current …

Ethanol Sustains Phosphorylated Tau Protein Immunofluorescence In The Cultured Neonatal Rat Hippocampus: Implications For Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Caleb Seth Bailey

Theses and Dissertations--Psychology

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs) are comprised of developmental, behavioral, and cognitive abnormalities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure, affecting an estimated 2%-5% of childrenand costing up to $4 billion annually in the United States alone. Although some behavioral therapies can help, the biochemical mechanisms that underpin FASDs need further elucidation for development of more efficacious therapeutics. The tau protein modulates cytoskeletal structure in neurons, and thereby plays an integral role in proper development and function of the central nervous system, but its function is altered by its phosphorylation state, such that increased phosphorylation reduces tau protein function. The tau protein …

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing In The 21st Century: Identification And Analysis Of Key Elements, Robert N. Mills

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The availability of quality pharmaceutical products impacts the lives of the global population on a daily basis. The importance of product availability and quality within pharmaceutical manufacturing requires that quality systems put into place are capable of accurately and robustly capturing the quality compliance, or lack thereof, of the various stages of production. This review intends to analyze current expert-recommended best practices within key elements of a pharmaceutical manufacturing quality control system and provide recommendations throughout. The quality elements discussed include Quality by Design method validation, necessary equipment determination, and equipment qualification, followed by documentation control and data flow.

Characterizing Glycosaminoglycan And Glycosaminoglycan-Oligo Interactions With Cancer Stem Cells And Their Regulators, Rahaman Navaz Gangji

Theses and Dissertations

Tumor metastasis and recurrence account for more than 90% of cancer-associated deaths and are thought to occur due to a small subpopulation of neoplastic cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Because CSCs are resistant to conventional chemotherapy, there is a critical need to develop CSC-targeting agents. Microenvironmental components, especially glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), play a key role in regulating CSC phenotype. GAGs such as heparan sulfate (HS) interact with hundreds of proteins and influence a variety of biological processes including tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis and stem cell biology.

Recently, the Desai and Patel laboratories have demonstrated that a hexasaccharide form of …

Design, Synthesis, And Biological Evaluation Of Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Antagonists Bearing Pyrazole And Imidazole Side Chains, Pornprom Klongkumnuankarn

Theses and Dissertations

Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) is one of the major national threats to human health and economic system. Since the opiate substances produce their pharmacological effects mainly at the Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR), the development of potent MOR selective antagonists is imperative. By application of the message-address concept, the novel selective MOR antagonist, NAP was synthesized in our group. The molecular modeling studies of NAP revealed that its MOR selectivity was determined by interactions between the C(6) side chain and the non-conserved residues of the receptor. To enrich our understanding of Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) of the opioid ligands as well as …

Molecular And Behavioral Mechanisms Mediated Paclitaxel-Induced Changes In Affect-Like Behavior In Mice, Julia Meade

Theses and Dissertations

Paclitaxel and oxaliplatin are two chemotherapeutics that cause acute neurotoxicity and chemotherapy-induce peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in 70-90% of cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced sensory changes are correlated with depression and anxiety. We characterized the effects of these drugs on sensation and various mood-related behaviors in mice, to determine if changes in sensation are associated with depression-like behavior, to explore putative mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced depression-like behavior (Aim 1), and to develop a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced operant responding deficit (Aim 2). In Aim 1, we observed that a cumulative dose of 32 mg/kg paclitaxel induced mechanical hypersensitivity and transiently reduced preference for sucrose …

The Impact Of Aging And Mechanical Injury On Alveolar Epithelial And Macrophage Responses In Acute Lung Injury And Inflammation, Michael S. Valentine

Theses and Dissertations

Patients with severe lung pathologies, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), often require mechanical ventilation as a clinical intervention; however, this procedure frequently exacerbates the original pulmonary issue and produces an exaggerated inflammatory response that potentially leads to sepsis, multisystem organ failure, and mortality. This acute lung injury (ALI) condition has been termed Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI). Alveolar overdistension, cyclic atelectasis, and biotrauma are the primary injury mechanisms in VILI that lead to the loss of alveolar barrier integrity and pulmonary inflammation. Stress and strains during mechanical ventilation are believed to initiate alveolar epithelial mechanotransduction signaling mechanisms that contribute …

Organic Compound Farnesol Reduces Disease Severity And Onset In Mouse Model Of Multiple Sclerosis, Lacey B. Sell

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

No abstract provided.