Chemicals and Drugs Commons^™

Adult Perceptions Of The Relative Harm Of Tobacco Products And Subsequent T Tobacco Product Use: Longitudinal Findings From Waves 1 And 2 Of The Population Assessment Of Tobacco And Health (Path) Study, Tara Elton-Marshall, Pete Driezen, Geoffrey T. Fong, K. Michael Cummings, Alexander Persoskie, Olivia Wackowski, Kelvin Choi, Annette Kaufman, David Strong, Shannon Gravely, Kristie Kristie, Jonathan Kwan, Maansi Bansal-Travers, Mark Travers, Andrew Hyland

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objectives: To examine: (1) How perceptions of harm for seven non-cigarette tobacco products predict sub- sequent use; (2) How change in use is associated with changes in perceptions of product harm; (3) Whether sociodemographic variables moderate the association between perceptions and use.

Methods: Data are from the adult sample (18+) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative longitudinal cohort survey conducted September 2013-December 2014 (Wave 1 (W1) n = 32,320) and October 2014-October 2015 (Wave 2 (W2) n = 28,362).

Results: Wave 1 users and non-users of e-cigarettes, filtered cigars, cigarillos, and pipes, who …

An Evaluation Of The Usda's Policy To Reduce Listeria Illnesses In Ready‐To‐Eat Meat And Poultry Products, Travis Minor, Matt Parrett

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Using 1998–2008 data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on foodborne illnesses and outbreaks, we examine the economic impact of the United States Department of Agriculture's proposed and final rules to reduce the incidence of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) in ready‐to‐ eat meat and poultry products. Using a difference‐in‐ differences approach, we find that these rules together reduced meat‐related Lm illnesses by about 60 per year, which we attribute to reductions in both the number and average size of meat‐related Lm outbreaks. We then monetize this illness reduction using an underreporting and underdiagnosis multiplier of 2.3 and an …

Genomics-Based Re-Examination Of The Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Human And Simian Mastadenoviruses: An Evolving Whole Genomes Approach, Revealing Putative Zoonosis, Anthroponosis, And Amphizoonosis, June Kang, Ashrafali Mohamed Ismail, Shoaleh Dehghan, Jaya Rajaiya, Marc W. Allard, Haw Chuan Lim, David W. Dyer, James Chodosh, Donald Seto

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

With the advent of high-resolution and cost-effective genomics and bioinformatics tools and methods contributing to a large database of both human (HAdV) and simian (SAdV) adenoviruses, a genomics-based re-evaluation of their taxonomy is warranted. Interest in these particular adenoviruses is growing in part due to the applications of both in gene transfer protocols, including gene therapy and vaccines, as well in oncolytic protocols. In particular, the re-evaluation of SAdVs as appropriate vectors in humans is important as zoonosis precludes the assumption that human immune system may be na€ıve to these vectors. Additionally, as impor- tant pathogens, adenoviruses are a model …

The Impact Of The Abuse-Deterrent Reformulation Of Extended-Release T Oxycontin On Prescription Pain Reliever Misuse And Heroin Initiation, Carolyn Wolff, William N. Dowd, Mir M. Ali, Chandler Mcclellan, Angelica Meinhofer, Lukas Glos, Ryan Mutter, Matthew Rosenberg, Andreas Schikc

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

The introduction of abuse-deterrent OxyContin in 2010 was intended to reduce its misuse by making it more tamper resistant. However, some studies have suggested that this reformulation might have had unintended consequences, such as increases in heroin-related deaths. We used the 2005–2014 cross-sectional U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health to explore the impact of this reformulation on intermediate outcomes that precede heroin-related deaths for individuals with a history of OxyContin misuse. Our study sample consisted of adults who misused any prescription pain reliever prior to the reformulation of OxyContin (n = 81,400). Those who misused OxyContin prior to …

Development Of A Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Nachr Α7 Binding Activity Prediction Model, Sugunadevi Sakkiah, Carmine Leggett, Bohu Pan, Wenjing Guo, Luis G. Valerio Jr., Huixiao Hong

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Despite the well-known adverse health effects associated with tobacco use, addiction to nicotine found in tobacco products causes difficulty in quitting among users. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are the physiological targets of nicotine and facilitate addiction to tobacco products. The nAChR-α7 subtype plays an important role in addiction; therefore, predicting the binding activity of tobacco constituents to nAChR-α7 is an important component for assessing addictive potential of tobacco constituents. We developed an α7 binding activity prediction model based on a large training data set of 843 chemicals with human α7 binding activity data extracted from PubChem and ChEMBL. The model …

Long-Term Negative Emotional Outcomes Of Warzone Tbi, Jennifer J. Vasterling, Mihaela Aslan, Susan P. Proctor, John Ko, Xenia Leviyah, John Concato

United States Food and Drug Administration: Publications

Objective: Many veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although prior work has examined associations between TBI and development of psychi- atric syndromes, less is known about associations between TBI and component emotions constituting these syndromes, especially in the long term. The purpose of this study was to examine the long-term emotional consequences of deployment-related TBI.

Methods: As part of VA Cooperative Studies Program #566, we assessed a sample of n1⁄4456US Army soldiers prior to an index deployment to Iraq, and again an average of 8.3 years (SD1⁄42.4years) after their deployment for a long-term …

Silver Salt-Mediate Benzylation Of Carbohydrates Under Mildly Acidic Conditions, Nicholas Forsythe, Samira Escopy, Yashapal Singh 2436808, Alexei Demchenko

Undergraduate Research Symposium

When looking at biomolecules, carbohydrate represent a large group of macromolecules that play an important role in the body. Most importantly, carbohydrates provide an energy supply for organisms, but it is proven that they are also involved in a myriad of other processes. Furthermore, synthesizing these molecules leads to advancements in chemistry, such as drug design, and other structures such as glycolipids play important roles in the immune system. Understanding this, an efficient and reliable way to create these carbohydrates is needed.

The protection and deprotection manipulations of carbohydrates play an essential role in synthetic carbohydrate chemistry.¹ Using benzyl …

Is There An Innovative Solution To The Opioid Epidemic?, Maggie Schray

Student Research Poster Presentations 2020

There are innovative ways and solutions to the current opioid epidemic. This affects people of every walk of life and is a huge problem in our country.

Marijuana Use And Mental Health Among Emergency Department Patients, Megan Hanna

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Background: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S. with an increasing number of users in recent years.

Objective: This study was undertaken to identify common reasons for marijuana use and any relationship between its use and mental health among Emergency Department (ED) patients. Methods: A total of 303 ED patients participated from the Miami Valley Hospital Emergency Department. Eligible participants included those with any marijuana use. Subjects were administered a survey which identified age of first use, reasons for use, and presence of anxiety and depression …

The Role Of Mental Health Providers In Dual Diagnosis Substance Abuse Treatment, Sanuri Gunawardena

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: This research study aims to determine the impact of mental health provider ratio on drug overdose mortality. It also investigates how mental health provider ratio and the frequency of mental distress correlate. Additionally, the study examines how mental health provider ratios have changed in Ohio over time and how the Ohio drug overdose mortality rates compare to the rates in Michigan, another Midwestern state. Methods: Pearson/Spearman correlation tests were done to show how mental health provider ratio influences drug overdose mortality rate and how mental health provider ratio influences the frequency of mental distress. A paired samples t-test was …

Hsp90 Inhibitors For Ipf/Covid-19, Ruben Manuel Luciano Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel A. Solopov, John Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an important chaperone that assists the late stage folding of several proteins involved in cell survival in response to environmental stressors. The inhibition of HSP90 is followed by a complex modulation of the proteome and the kinome, that has proved beneficial in cancer and various neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, accumulating literature suggests that HSP90 may be a key target during the development of pulmonary fibrosis and that its inhibition could serve as a new and exciting therapeutic approach. We have summarized the current evidence about HSP90’s role in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), the results from …

Tannic Acid Inhibits Lipid Metabolism And Induce Ros In Prostate Cancer Cells, Prashanth K.B. Nagesh, Elham Hatami, Pallabita Chowdhury, Shashi Jaun, Nirnoy Dan, Vivek Kumar Kashyap, Subhash C. Chauhan, Meena Jaggi, Murali M. Yallapu

School of Medicine Publications

Prostate cancer (PCa) cells exploit the aberrant lipid signaling and metabolism as their survival advantage. Also, intracellular storage lipids act as fuel for the PCa proliferation. However, few studies were available that addressed the topic of targeting lipid metabolism in PCa. Here, we assessed the tannic acid (TA) lipid-targeting ability and its capability to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PCa cells. TA exhibited dual effects by inhibiting lipogenic signaling and suppression of lipid metabolic pathways. The expression of proteins responsible for lipogenesis was down regulated. The membrane permeability and functionality of PCa were severely …

Stimuli-Responsive Gelators From Carbamoyl Sugar Derivatives And Their Responses To Metal Ions And Tetrabutylammonium Salts, Dan Wang, Anji Chen, Joedian Morris, Guijun Wang

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Carbohydrate-based low molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are interesting compounds with a variety of applications. In this research, a library of nineteen carbamate derivatives of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine were synthesized and characterized, and several derivatives were found to be effective LMWGs. They formed gels in pump oils as well as mixtures of water with ethanol or water with DMSO. The structures of the carbamoyl chains played an important role in the gelation properties, short chain aliphatic derivatives and phenyl carbamates formed gels in more solvents than certain aromatic and dimeric carbamates. The phenyl carbamate gelator was also selected for the encapsulation of …

Singlet Oxygen Generation By Porphyrins And Metalloporphyrins Revisited: A Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (Qspr) Study, Andrey A. Buglak, Mikhail Filatov, Althaf M. Hussain, Manabu Sugimoto

Books/Book chapters

state followed by formation of singlet oxygen (1O2), which is a highly reactive species and mediates various oxidative processes. The design of advanced sensitizers based on porphyrin compounds have attracted significant attention in recent years. However, it is still difficult to predict the efficiency of singlet oxygen generation for a given structure. Our goal was to develop a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model for the fast virtual screening and prediction of singlet oxygen quantum yields for pophyrins and metalloporphyrins. We performed QSPR analysis of a dataset containing 32 compounds, including various porphyrins and their analogues (chlorins and bacteriochlorins). Quantum-chemical descriptors …

The Substantiality Of The Neuroplasticity Hypothesis Of Major Depressive Disorder: The Prospective Use Of Ketamine-Like Drugs As Antidepressants, Roma Kankaria

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects approximately 17.3 million adults in the United States each year. For more than 50 years, the serotonin hypothesis of MDD, which hypothesizes that a deficiency of monoaminergic neurotransmitters results in depression, has been the foundation for neuropsychological research. However, studies reveal that only an estimated 50% of MDD patients respond to traditional, biogenic-amine-based antidepressants (ADs), like selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Research has noted that the neuroplasticity hypothesis, which posits that weakened excitatory synaptic transmission results in depression, offers an alternative mechanism by which ketamine-like drugs lacking the abuse liability and psychoactive effects of …

Evaluation Of A Remote Symptom Assessment And Management (Sam) System For People Receiving Adjuvant Chemotherapy For Breast Or Colorectal Cancer: Mixed Methods Study, Lisa Whitehead, Laura Emery, Deborah Kirk, Diane Twigg, Deborah Brown, Joanna Dewar

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

©Lisa Whitehead, Laura Emery, Deborah Kirk, Diane Twigg, Deborah Brown, Joanna Dewar. Background: The Symptom Assessment and Management (SAM) program is a structured, online, nurse-supported intervention to support symptom self-management in people receiving adjuvant chemotherapy post surgery for breast or colorectal cancer. Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the development, implementation strategy, and evaluation of the SAM system. Methods: The development of the SAM program involved 3 phases. In phase 1, the web app was developed through consultation with consumers and clinicians and of the literature to ensure that the system was evidence-based and reflected the realities …

The Impact Of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs On Opioid Prescribing Practices And Opioid-Related Overdose Death Rates, Molly Scarbro

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Objective: Most states within the US have implemented a form of a Prescription Drug Monitoring Program (PDMP). The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has developed a scale to rate each state’s requirements of prescribers use of the PDMP on timely submission of the data and consultation when prescribing opioids. This paper looks at the impact of three levels of PDMP ratings (Green, Yellow, and Red) on opioid prescribing practices and opioid-related overdose death rates in 2015 (prior to PDMP rating) and in 2017. Methods: Data was collected from the CDC Wonder database, a publicly available data set. A …

Antifungal Defense Molecules From Bacterial Symbionts Of North American Trachymyrmex Ants, Georgia Scherer

CMC Senior Theses

Defensive symbioses, in which microbes provide molecular defenses for an animal host, hold great potential as untapped sources of therapeutically useful antibiotics. Fungus-growing ants use antifungal defenses from bacterial symbionts to suppress pathogenic fungi in their nests. Preliminary chemical investigations of symbiotic bacteria from this large family of ants have uncovered novel antifungal molecules with therapeutic potential, such as dentigerumycin and selvamicin.

In this study, the bacterial symbionts of North American Trachymyrmex fungus-growing ants are investigated for antifungal molecules. Plate-based bioassays using ecologically-relevant fungal pathogens confirmed that these bacteria have antifungal activity. In order to purify and identify the antifungal …

Determining The Antibacterial Activity And Mode Of Action Of Tirandamycin, Hailey Bouchard

CMC Senior Theses

Tirandamycin is a small molecule natural product that has been isolated from various species of marine and terrestrial Streptomyces. The natural product has shown antibacterial activity against an array of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, showing promise as a pharmaceutical drug. Tirandamycin has 14 known derivatives, many of which have been created synthetically. Some of its derivatives are particularly potent against the high-risk bacteria vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. However, the antibacterial potency of these derivatives has not been tested systematically leading to the possibility of discovering more potent …

Antidepressant Effects On Rem Sleep, Mitchel Adams

Biology and Microbiology Graduate Students Plan B Research Projects

Individuals who deal with depression are typically prescribed antidepressants in order to alleviate the depressive symptoms that they may be having. Polysomnographic sleep research has revealed that depression is associated with altered sleep architecture and distorted REM sleep quality.² Specifically, increased REM sleep duration and density have proved to be markers that predict recurrence and relapse for depressed individuals. REM sleep serves to stimulate regions of the brain that are important with learning and memory consolidation. However, an increased duration of REM sleep in depressed individuals proves to be unfavorable. Antidepressants drugs aim to weaken sleep quality, which is …