Organic Chemicals Commons^™

Antituberculosis Potential Of Borrelidin Derivatives: An In Silico Molecular Docking And Molecular Dynamic Approach, Teni Ernawati, Donny Ramadhan, Faris Hermawan, Sasmito Wulyoadi, Bambang Marwoto, Ahmad Wibisana, Bambang Srijanto

The Thai Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Background: The present tuberculosis (TB) treatment requires a significant time commitment, often lasting from 6 months to 2 years, with strict daily adherence. Non-compliance leads to drug resistance and suboptimal outcomes. Present research indicates that borrelidin shows potential activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including strains that are resistant to first-line medications. Borrelidin has shown remarkable activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 3.12 μg/mL. Therefore, investigating the inhibition activity of borrelidin derivatives was essential for finding new anti-TB candidates. Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of 31 borrelidin derivative compounds …

A Case Of Turmeric-Induced Hepatotoxicity With Hyperferritinemia, Nina R. Spitofsky, Albert A. Huang, Aria Jalalian, Stefanie Gallagher, Scott Fink

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Introduction: We present the first published case of turmeric-associated drug-induced liver injury (DILI) accompanied by significant ferritin elevation. Case Presentation: Our patient, a 59-year-old female with DILI caused by long-term ingestion of oral turmeric supplements, presented with painless jaundice on an annual exam. The patient’s liver function tests exhibited a hepatocellular pattern and hyperferritinemia (>2,000 ng/dL). Additional testing was negative except for heterozygosity for the H63D allele associated with hemochromatosis. A liver biopsy indicated acute hepatitis without fibrosis or stainable iron. Conclusion: Upon discontinuation of the supplement, liver enzymes normalized within a month. This case highlights the potential for …

Synthesis Of Medicinally Privileged Spiro-Β-Lactams, Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Reinaldo Mendes, Subhash C. Chauhan

Research Symposium

Background: Four-membered cyclic amide, commonly known as β-lactam, has been playing a crucial role in drug discovery research since its discovery by Alexander Fleming in 1928 from Penicillium notatum. The β-lactam antibiotics are broadly effective against several bacterial infections through acylating the transpeptidase involved in cross-linking peptides to form peptidoglycan or periplasmic murein, which is a fundamental constituent of the bacterial cell wall for both the gram-positive (ten or more layers) and gram-negative (one or two layers) bacteria. Although for more than eight decades, β-lactams have been recognized as antibiotics, later, other medicinal activities of β-lactam derivatives have been …

Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction After Benzathine Penicillin G Treatment In Adults With Early Syphilis: Secondary Analysis Of A Randomized Clinical Trial., Jodie A. Dionne, Chunming Zhu, Jorge Mejia-Galvis, Kimberly Workowski, Teresa A. Batteiger, Julia C. Dombrowski, Kenneth H. Mayer, Candice J. Mcneil, Arlene C. Seña, Stephanie Taylor, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, Matthew M. Hamill, Charlotte Perlowski, Edward W. Hook Iii

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Key Points: Question: What proportion of patients with early syphilis have symptoms of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) after treatment with benzathine penicillin G, and what are the associated characteristics? Findings: This prespecified secondary analysis of a multisite US randomized clinical trial found that, among 249 adults with early syphilis, JHR symptoms occurred after benzathine penicillin G treatment in 59 participants (23.7%). Onset of JHR was within 12 hours of treatment for 86.0% of participants, and JHR was associated with successful treatment response, secondary syphilis, and absence of HIV. Meaning: This study suggests that patients treated with benzathine penicillin G for …

Fluorine-Containing Isosteres Enable A Structure-Activity Relationship Study Of Gingerol Derivatives, Shelby Cooper, Diarta Kabashi, Marlin Yacoub, Jessica Molen, Osman Farhan, Christina Farley, Samantha Yencha, Michelle Figueiredo, Nidheesh Phadnis, Wynter Henry, Julian Harris, Frank Wilkinson, John Milligan

College of Life Sciences Faculty Papers

A series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated [6]-gingerol, [6]-paradol, [6]-shogaol and ferulate derivatives were synthesized. Testing these analogs in anti-proliferation assays with MCF-7, A549, HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines provided insight into the structural features that contribute to the anti-proliferative activity of naturally occurring ginger constituents. In particular, the use of both vinyl and alkyl trifluoromethyl isosteres allowed us to evaluate the structure-activity impact of the enone motif found in shogaols. Our results indicate that enone-containing derivatives have a higher potency, suggesting the conjugated enone motif characteristic of shogaols may be primarily responsible for the anti-cancer activity of the broader natural …

Palovarotene In Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: Review And Perspective, Vincent Verheij, Robert Diecidue, Esmée Botman, Joseph Harrington, Nobuhiko Haga, Alberto Hidalgo-Bravo, Patricia Delai, Vrisha Madhuri, Mona Al Mukaddam, Keqin Zhang, Tae-Joon Cho, Rolf Morhart, Richard Keen, Carmen De Cunto, Clive Friedman, Zvi Grunwald, Michael Zasloff, J. Coen Netelenbos, Edward Hsiao, Frederick Kaplan, Robert Pignolo, Christiaan Scott, Elisabeth Marelise Eekhoff

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Faculty Papers

INTRODUCTION: Palovarotene is a retinoic acid receptor gamma agonist that was studied in phase-2 and phase-3 clinical trials for the inhibition of new heterotopic ossification (HO) in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). Despite numerous setbacks and regulatory delays, palovarotene is now the first approved FOP treatment in the U.S.A., Canada and Australia but remains unapproved in Europe where concerns surrounding the drug and its path to regional market authorization persist.

AREAS COVERED: The developmental history of palovarotene and an overview of the clinical trials and the regulatory approval journey are discussed by global FOP experts.

EXPERT OPINION: While post hoc analyses …

Nitroglycerine For Retained Placenta: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Alessandro Petrecca, Gabriele Saccone, Vincenzo Berghella

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nitroglycerine on placenta delivery after retained placenta.

DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis.

DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PROSPERO, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, Sciencedirect, the Cochrane Library, Scielo were searched from their inception until February 2024.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: We included all randomized clinical trials comparing use of nitroglycerine (i.e. intervention group) with placebo or with no treatment (i.e. control group) given for retained placenta after vaginal delivery.

DATA SYNTHESIS: The primary outcome was rate of manual removal of the placenta. The summary measures were reported as relative risk (RR) or as mean difference (MD) with …

Nutritional, Phytochemical, And Antimicrobial Properties Of Carica Papaya Leaves: Implications For Health Benefits And Food Applications, Rajni Choudhary, Ravinder Kaushik, Ansab Akhtar, Suvendu Manna, Jyoti Sharma, Aarti Bains

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Papaya leaves (PLs) are known for their therapeutic benefits and traditional use in treating inflammation, infections, and various health conditions. Rich in bioactive compounds, PLs are studied for their potential applications in functional foods. This study analyzed their nutritional, phytochemical, structural, thermal, and antimicrobial properties to evaluate their role as a health-promoting ingredient. METHODS: Phytochemicals were quantified spectrophotometrically and identified via GC-MS. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Mineral content was determined using ICP-OES. Structural and thermal properties were evaluated using FTIR, XRD, and calorimetry, and antimicrobial activity was tested via the agar well diffusion method. …

Retreatability Of Endosequence® Bcs™ Hiflow Utilizing Both Chloroform And An Aqueous Solution, Dijana Elmejdoubi, Thomas E. Lallier, Masyn Cameron, Albert F. Mcmullen Iii

School of Dentistry Faculty Publications

Purpose: When RCT fails, retreatment of the case usually requires removal of the previous root canal fill (RCF). The aim of our research was to evaluate the retreatability of a root canal initially filled with gutta percha and EndoSequence® BCS™ HiFlow utilizing chloroform followed by 18% HCl, 18% HCl alone, chloroform alone or saline solution. Methods: 40 extracted single canal teeth were decoronated and obturated utilizing a single cone gutta percha technique and Endosequence BCS, stored one week in an incubator, and then we attempted to remove the previous RCF. Teeth were divided in 4 different groups (n=10). Canals were …

Exploring Microrna Pathways And Metformin's Anti-Inflammatory Potential In Osteoarthritis, Quang D La, Benjamin Tangkamolsuk, David F Lo

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

No abstract provided.

Exploring Cost-Effective And Asymmetric Alternatives To 9-Bbn, Annaliese Franklin

ASPIRE 2025

Catechol borane, pinacol borane, and 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, 9-BBN, are versatile cyclic borane (CB) hydroboration agents.1,2 The borinates/boronates obtained from their reactions with alkenes and alkynes are good candidates for various Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions–a very important reaction that has been used in the synthesis of multiple drugs. However, CBs do have a few drawbacks, such as the high cost of 9-BBN, and are relatively unreactive compared to their dialkylborane analogs. Furthermore, none of these boranes provides the chiral environment required for asymmetric induction by themselves.3,4 A quick survey of natural products revealed many terpene dienes such as limonene, ɑ-phellandrene, and valencene that …

Synthesis Of Tu100 Analogs And Biological Assays, Feyisope Tonye Oladapo

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

TU100 (14-methyl-5H-5,12-epiminobenzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]naphthalene-6,11,13(12H)-trione) exhibits exceptional chemotherapeutic properties. It operates via a distinct mechanism that triggers cell death to create cytotoxic effects while concurrently inhibiting topoisomerase I and II. Its efficacy rivals that of well-known chemotherapeutic drugs like Daunorubicin. The distinctive characteristics of TU100 have led to initiatives aimed at creating structurally similar compounds to discover even more effective bioactive alternatives.

The analog synthesis incorporated quinoxaline or its derivatives (diphenyl quinoxaline, dipyridinyl quinoxaline, and dibenzophenazine-10,13-dione) that have been shown to have promising chemotherapeutic effects. Synthesizing the hetero naphthoquinones required a multi-step synthetic process, so quinoxaline/ derivatives intermediates are first prepared, then the …

Medical-Grade Honey And Standard Dressings In Burn Wound Care: Evaluating Effectiveness, Cost, And Patient Outcomes, Chloe Shin, Andrew Golonka

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Background: Burn injuries burden the healthcare system globally as silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is the standard treatment even though it delays healing and is highly costly. Medical-grade honey (MGH) demonstrates superior antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, however, there are still evidence gaps when comparing effectiveness, cost efficiency, and patient centered outcomes. Purpose: This study aims to compare MGH and SSD amongst these gaps to inform evidence based burn care. Methods: A randomized controlled trial will enroll 100 people between 25-50 years of age with first and second degree burns, < 20% total body surface area within two hospital burn units. Participants will be assigned to either MGH or SSD treatment. The study will be a single blind design where dermatologists evaluating the wound photographs will not know the treatment given. Primary outcomes include wound healing time, infection rates, and patient reported pain scores. Secondary outcomes will focus on cost effectiveness analyses and patient quality of life. Standardized protocols will be implemented for data collection, wound assessment, and safety monitoring. Results: We anticipate that MGH will have lower infection rates, promote faster wound healing, improved outcomes from patient reports, and better cost effectiveness through shorter hospital stays and reduced medical treatments compared to SSD. Conclusion: This study will provide evidence comparing MGH and SSD across economic, clinical, and patient centered outcomes. If our hypothesis aligns with the results, MGH could be a new evidence based standard in burn care as it offers many advantages over SSD in patient comfort, healing efficiency, and medical costs. The findings will provide areas for future research, especially long term outcome and a bigger patient population.

Medical-Grade Honey And Standard Dressings In Burn Wound Care: Evaluating Effectiveness, Cost, And Patient Outcomes, Andrew Golonka, Chloe Shin

Nursing | Senior Theses

Background: Burn injuries burden the healthcare system globally as silver sulfadiazine (SSD) is the standard treatment even though it delays healing and is highly costly. Medical-grade honey (MGH) demonstrates superior antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, however, there are still evidence gaps when comparing effectiveness, cost efficiency, and patient centered outcomes. Purpose: This study aims to compare MGH and SSD amongst these gaps to inform evidence based burn care. Methods:A randomized controlled trial will enroll 100 people between 25-50 years of age with first and second degree burns, < 20% total body surface area within two hospital burn units. Participants will be assigned to either MGH or SSD treatment. The study will be a single blind design where dermatologists evaluating the wound photographs will not know the treatment given. Primary outcomes include wound healing time, infection rates, and patient reported pain scores. Secondary outcomes will focus on cost effectiveness analyses and patient quality of life. Standardized protocols will be implemented for data collection, wound assessment, and safety monitoring. Results: We anticipate that MGH will have lower infection rates, promote faster wound …

Antihypertensive Potential Of Euphorbia Hirta And Leptadenia Hastata In Adrenaline-Induced Wistar Rats, Fagbohun Oyenike Bushirat, Emmanuel Ogar Ochonung, Messiah Innocent Atapia, Hassan Abdulsalam Adewuyi, Sakariyau Aido Waheed, Adebimpe Oluwatoyin Hameedah, Chizoba Victory Obunadike, Adeleye Adegboyega Edema, Samad Hussein, Abiola Mohammed Usman, Tolulope Olukayode Jaiyeola

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Background: Hypertension is a major public health concern worldwide, contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The use of plant-based therapies, such as Euphorbia hirta and Leptadenia hastata, has gained attention for their potential antioxidant, anti-hyperlipidemic, and organ-protective effects.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the phytotherapeutic approach to hypertension using E. hirta and L. hastata extracts in adrenaline-induced hypertensive Wistar rats

Methods: Utilizing an adrenaline-induced hypertensive rat model, we assessed the effects of E. hirta and L. hastata leaf extracts (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on systolic blood pressure, renal function, lipid metabolism, and hematological parameters.

Results: Antioxidant activity: …

Modified N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysts For Polyurethane Synthesis, Charise D. Young

Pomona Senior Theses

Polyurethanes are widely used polymers synthesized from diisocyanate and diol molecules. They are ubiquitous polymeric materials with important industrial applications. Their increasing market value prompts the need for selective and efficient production which can be achieved through N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysis. N-heterocyclic carbenes are heterocyclic molecules containing a carbene atom and at least one nitrogen adjacent to the carbene center. The nitrogen substituents on the adjacent nitrogen play an important role in influencing their steric and electronic properties and resultant reactivity.^1,2 There is a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the steric and electronic properties of NHCs and how …

Towards Developing Glut2 Specific Probes For Biochemical And Biomedical Applications, Abdelrahman Ismail

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Facilitated Glucose transporters (GLUTs) are membrane proteins responsible for the uptake of simple sugars and other structurally similar metabolites in all mammalian cells. One of the hallmarks of cancer is dysfunctional sugar metabolism, known as the Warburg effect, and one of the manifestations of that effect is abnormal GLUT expression. There are 14 known GLUT proteins with different expression patterns in different tissues, and tumors tend to express certain GLUTs that are not present in surrounding healthy tissue. Therefore, selective targeting of GLUTs presents a potentially powerful tool for diagnostics and treatment of cancer and other diseases. This has been …

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, And Antibacterial Properties Of Partition Fractions Of Adansonia Digitata And Annona Muricata Extracts Using Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate, Ethanol, And Aqueous Solvent Systems, Fagbohun Oyenike Bushirat, Hassan Abdusalam Adewuyi, Sakariyau Adio Waheed, Maryam Nana Musa, Timothy God-Giveth Olusegun, Ayomide Babatunde Ishola, Agumage Idoko, Adeola Victor Kolawole, Adesanmi Adefunmilayo Oluwatuyi, Sarah Ngozi Agwasim

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Adansonia digitata and Annona muricata are traditionally used medicinal plants with reported pharmacological properties. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the phytochemical composition, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial properties of partition fractions of Adansonia digitata and Annona muricata extracts obtained using chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous solvent systems. The plant extracts were successively partitioned using chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous solvent systems. Phytochemical analysis was performed using standard methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays. Antibacterial activity was assessed using agar well diffusion and MIC determination. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids (10.2-15.6%), flavonoids …

Method Development Of [3 + 2] Cycloadditions Using Tertiary Amine N-Oxides And Efforts Towards The First Total Synthesis Of Chrysosporazine D, Alexander Cocolas

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Nitrogen-containing heterocycles are ubiquitous in bioactive molecules, pharmaceutical drugs, and natural products. For this reason, finding new and efficient ways to make such compounds remains a high priority for the organic and medicinal community. Our current endeavors build upon previously established work by our group, where we generated 1,2-diamines by coupling commercially available aldehydes with trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in two steps. This route proved to be effective in generating 20+ novel 1,2-diamines and imidazolidines with a demonstrated ability to undergo transformations. Using this chemistry, we have developed a diastereoselective synthesis of 50+ novel 7-azanorbornanes using tertiary amine N-oxides …

Design And Investigation Of Small Molecule Drugs For Potential Treatment Of Cns Disorders, Flaviviral Infections, And Cancers, Viktoriya Mashinson

Theses & Dissertations

Chapter 1 discusses the development of antagonists against the dopamine 4 receptor (D4R) that is expressed in the motor, associative, and limbic subdivisions of the basal ganglia network and is involved in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Levodopa is the firstline drug for the management of PD symptoms but its long-term use often leads to development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). D4R antagonists have been shown to decrease the abnormal involuntary movement scores in mouse models of LID. Chapter 1 outlines the development and optimization of selective D4R antagonists for potential treatment of LID. During the investigation of our D4R antagonists we discovered …