In Situ Degradation Of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars Of Normal And Brown Midrib Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids,
2025
University of Illinois
In Situ Degradation Of Cell Wall Neutral Sugars Of Normal And Brown Midrib Sorghum X Sudangrass Hybrids, K J. Moore, J O. Fritz, E H. Jaster
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nutritive value of forage for ruminants is limited by the digestibility of the complex polysaccharides cellulose and hemicellulose by rumen microbes. In grasses, the polysaccharide fraction of the cell wall is composed largely of polymers of neutral sugars and to a lesser extent uronic acids. Cellulose is a high molecular weight linear polymer of B-1 ➔ 4) linked Dgluco-pyranose units. Hemicellulose is a complex mixture of linear and branched-chain heteropolymers containing xylose, arabmose, mannose, galactose, glucose, and uronic acids (Van Soest, 1982). Lignification of the cell wall is a primary factor limiting the digestion of cell wall polysaccharides. Close …
Feed Evaluation Using Mobile Dacron Bags And Influences Of The Diet Composition,
2025
Oklahoma State University
Feed Evaluation Using Mobile Dacron Bags And Influences Of The Diet Composition, H Anzola, F N. Owens
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The Mobile Nylon Bag (MNB) technique has been used successfully in protein nutrition studies with swine (Sauer et al., 1983) to determine amino acid availability from protein in specific feedstuffs. Canadian researchers also have tested this technique to predict site of digestion in ruminants (Kirkpatrick and Kennelly, 1987). Differences in small intestinal digestion may explain why animal responses differ to dietary protein sources which have similar ruminal escape values (Owens, 1986). The MNB holds promise to appraise the intestinal availability of undegraded dietary protein though further developmel).t and testing are needed. The objective of this experiment was to examine the …
Prediction Of Digestibility And Protein From Growing Degree-Days For Crested And Western Wheatgrass,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Prediction Of Digestibility And Protein From Growing Degree-Days For Crested And Western Wheatgrass, A` B. Franck, J F. Karn
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Morphological development of crops, including cool-season forage grasses, is mainly a function of air temperature. Morphological development of plants has been predicted from thermal units expressed as growing degree-days (GDD) (Franck, 1985 ; Wang, 1960). The use of thermal units also provides a predictive measure for managing forages based on growth stages rather than dates. However, forage digestibility ��nd crude protein (CP) content generally decrease as morphological development and time increase (Kamstra, 1973 ; Kilcher and Troelsen, 1973). The relationship between thermal units and forage digestibility and CP has not been defined for crested and western wheatgrasses. The primary purpose …
Forage Quality Of Coast Cross 1 Bermudagrass On Intestinal Digestion Of Dietary Amino Acids,
2025
lnstituto de Ciencia Animal
Forage Quality Of Coast Cross 1 Bermudagrass On Intestinal Digestion Of Dietary Amino Acids, G Coto, Hanna Meier, Patrica Malgarez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The aim of this work was to study the digestibility of dietary amino acids found in the fibrous material, considering the quality of the forage offered as the sole feeding source.
Sites Of Digestion Of Nitrogen Of Hays Made With The Tropical Legume Neonotonia Wightii,
2025
CIAT
Sites Of Digestion Of Nitrogen Of Hays Made With The Tropical Legume Neonotonia Wightii, R R. Vera, E A. Pizarro, A Toscano, N M. Rodriguez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Tropical pasture species are of well-known lower quality than temperate species and there is evidence that some tropical legumes may contain antiquality factors that reduce further their nutritive value. Nonetheless, the nutritive value of Neonotonia wightii is generally moderate to high (Pizarro et al., 1983 ; Ribeiro et al., 1980), although there is little information on the factors that affect its quality, and none on the rate and sites of digestion within the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. The aim of the work reported here was to examine the effect of age on the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and sites of …
Kinetic Study Of The Rumen Microbial Degradation Of Lucerne And Italian Ryegrass Observed By Scanning Electron Microscopy, E Grenet, J Jamot
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For the same digestibility cell wall contents of legumes and grasses differ ; their histological structure is not the same and this may account for the differences in rumen degradation. We studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the histological structure of these plants with regard to stages of maturity, and their kinetic degradation in the rumen.
Fermentation Characteristics Of Temperate Forage Stems Digested In Vitro,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Fermentation Characteristics Of Temperate Forage Stems Digested In Vitro, D R. Buxton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Digestion of herbage by ruminants is limited primarily by concentration of neutral-detergent fiber (NDF) in herbage and degradability of this cell-wall material. Because mature stems usually contain more NDF than immature stems or leaves the proportion of stems approaching maturity is normally' the dominant morphological factor that determines digestibility of herbage (Buxton and Hornstein, 1986). On the basis of digestibility, NDF can be divided into two fractions: potentially digestible NDF (PDNDF) and indigestible NDF (IDNDF; Mertens and Ely, 1982), which is not digested regardless of length of fermentation. Digestion of NDF can be characterized by a two-stage process involving a …
Nitrogen And Organic Matter Disappearance In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Three Winter Foggages,
2025
University of Pretoria
Nitrogen And Organic Matter Disappearance In The Digestive Tract Of Sheep Grazing Three Winter Foggages, W A. Van Niekerk, H H. Meissner, E B. Spreeth, I S. Conradie
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal production in the tropics and subtropics is limited by poor intake. This results because of high cell wall content and poor digestibility of tropical forages (Minson & McLeod, 1970). During the dormant (winter) season these negative effects were exaggerated. Also, N declines resulting in a further reduction in intake. The questions addressed here were whether winter foggage of improved subtropical pastures could be beneficial and secondly, how three species adapted to the drier areas of South Africa, compare in this regard.
Nutritive Value Of Perennial Ryegrass Swards Grazed By Sheep In Autumn In The Uk,
2025
Macaulay Land Use Research Institute
Nutritive Value Of Perennial Ryegrass Swards Grazed By Sheep In Autumn In The Uk, J A. Milne, H Dove, A M. Sibbald
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A knowledge of the nutrient supply from grazed herbage for ewes in the autumn in N. Europe is required to predict the consequences for their subsequent reproductive performance. Herbage intake has been found to be positively related to sward height over this period at low sward heights but there is no information over a wider range of heights, on the amounts of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) available for absorption in the small intestine nor on the digestion of organic matter in the rumen. Experiments on frozen or artificially dried herbage harvested in the autumn have given variable results for the amounts …
Influence Due Niveau De Fertilization Azotee Sur La Degradabilite De L'Azote De La Fetuque Elevee Recoltee En Vert, P Le Goffe, R Verite, G Lemaire
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Il est connu que la fertilisation azotee ameliore non seulement la biomasse produite mais aussi la teneur en azote de la plante; cependant certains auteurs la soup9onnent de reduire le flux d'azote duodenal (Armstrong, 1974). Cette diminution de la valeur azotee reelle pourrait s'expliquer par la baisse des syntheses de proteines microbiennes et/ou !'augmentation de la degradation ruminale des proteines de l'herbe. Dans ce travail, l'effet de 2 niveaux de fertilisation azotee, appliques sur 4 cycles successifs d'une fetuque, sur la degradabilite de l'azote de la plante verte a ete etudie par 3 methodes differentes ; de plus l'incidence du …
Estimation Of The Extent Of Bacterial Contamination In Bag Residues And Its Influence On In Sacco Measurements Of Forage Nitrogen Degradation In Rumen, Brigitte Michalet-Doreau, M Y. Ould-Bah
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The nylon bag technique has been used for many years to explain variations in intake and/or digestibility between forages (Van Keuren and Heinemann, 1962; Demarquilly and Chenost, 1969). More recently, this technique has appeared a relatively simple method to estimate the extent and rate of feeds (particularly protein) degradation in the rumen (Mehrez and Orskov, 1977; Madsen and Hvelplund, 1985). In all these studies, it is implicitely accepted that the nitrogen remaining in bags after a stay of variable duration in the rumen corresponds to non degraded feed nitrogen. However, in recent years, several authors (Mathers and Aitchison, 1981 with …
Effect Of Forage Conservation Methods On In Sacco Nitrogen Degradability In The Rumen,
2025
INRA
Effect Of Forage Conservation Methods On In Sacco Nitrogen Degradability In The Rumen, M Y. Ould Bah, Brigitte Michalet-Doreau
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Harvest and conservation of forages cause physico-chemical changes in plant proteins which have variable effects on their digestion in the rumen (Thomson and Beever, 1980). Studies of in sacco degradation have been made on fresh forages (Le Goffe, 1988), hays (Alvir et al., 1988) and silages (Madsen and Hvelplund, 1985; Nocek and Grant, 1987). However, no trial has concerned both fresh· forage and the corresponding conserved forms. It therefore appeared of interest to study modifications in nitrogen degradation resulting from different conservation methods.
Ruminal Disappearance Of Detergent - Fiber Nitrogen In Alfalfa Stems,
2025
Texas A&M
Ruminal Disappearance Of Detergent - Fiber Nitrogen In Alfalfa Stems, M A. Sanderson, W F. Wedin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Accurate estimates of herbage nitrogen (N) that is rurninally degradable are essential to new systems for estimating ruminant protein requirements. It has been suggested (Van Soest and Sniffen, 1984) that partitioning herbage N into neutral (NDFN) and acid (ADFN) detergent soluble and insoluble portions may be used to estimate ruminally degradable and undegradable N. Our objective was to determine the in situ degradability of total N, NDFN, ADFN, and available fiber nitrogen (AFN) in alfalfa stems.
Set Up On Nirs Calibration Populations For Predicting Protein And Net Energy Content In Forage Grasses And Legumes,
2025
Institute of Grassland and Forage Research, Federal Research Center of Agriculture, Braunschweig
Set Up On Nirs Calibration Populations For Predicting Protein And Net Energy Content In Forage Grasses And Legumes, C Paul
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The performance of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) depends critically on the sample set used in the calibration process (e.g. Hruschka and Norris, 1987; Paul, 1988). In forage quality testing a particular problem exists in that narrow based sample sets comprising only single botanical species may give equations of limited value under practical conditions. Broad based sample sets may, however, lead to equations with reduced analytical precision as compared to the former. The present work aims at a spectroscopic interpretation and a statistical validation of NIRS equations for protein and energy concentration developed from broad based and narrow based sets …
Comparative Study And Validation Of Three Methods To Estimate Apparent Digestibility Of Forages,
2025
Universidad de Chile
Comparative Study And Validation Of Three Methods To Estimate Apparent Digestibility Of Forages, A D. Cerda, B H. Manterola, A L. Sirhan
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Laboratory methods for predicting in vivo digestibility are affected by a diversity of factors, giving a high variation in results. It is important that each laboratory standardizes and validates the different methods in order to have confidence in their predictive capacity. The main objective of this study is to quantify the most important factors affecting the methods, to obtain the best predicting equations and to set the ranges where those methods fit better.
Nir Spectroscopy For Forage Analysis,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Nir Spectroscopy For Forage Analysis, F E. Barton Ii
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Near Infrared Reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) has been used to measure the composition of forages for over 10 years (Norris et al., 1976). The National NIRS Agricultural Research Network has published their ARS Handbook# 643 Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Forage Analysis to summarize the research findings (Marten et al., 1985). This document has become the definitive source for information on how to use NIRS to measure forage quality. With these as a starting point there were two areas which needed major research efforts. The first was certification of NIRS as an Official Method by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists …
Comparison Of Laboratory Methods For Estimating Herbage Digestibility,
2025
lnstitut Technique des Cereales et des Fourrages, Station de La Jailliere
Comparison Of Laboratory Methods For Estimating Herbage Digestibility, Francoise Riviere, P Maupetit, G Blanchard
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forages are an important source of nutrients for ruminants and recently interest has been shown in using forages for a greater proportion of the nutrients in ruminant production. The feeding value of forages mainly depends on their digestible organic matter contents. Feeding of forages to animals is the most accurate method of evaluation but such trials are expensive and very slow. Many laboratory procedures have been developped for estimating forage nutritive value. Recently, near infrared reflectance has been developped to provide a fast and reliable alternative method. The aim of the study is to compare laboratory methods of forage evaluation …
Determination Of Forage In Vivo Digestibility By Nirs,
2025
University of Kentucky
Determination Of Forage In Vivo Digestibility By Nirs, R Biston, P Dardenne, C Demarquilly
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The forage energetic value determination has always been and remains a important issue. It consists in predicting the Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD). Measuring In Vivo OMD on animals is time and money consuming. To predict OMD in laboratory, different chemical, microbiological and enzymatic methods are used. The articles published on the use of Near InfraRed Spectrometry (NIRS) indicate that this method can improve OMD determination efficiently (Norris, 1983; Shenk, 1977; Biston, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1988). The research work carried out in the Station de Haute Belgique in collaboration with INRA in Theix, has defined the efficiency of these technics for …
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy For Estimation Of Digestible Organic Matter Intake And Body Weight Gain,
2025
USDA, Agricultural Research Service
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy For Estimation Of Digestible Organic Matter Intake And Body Weight Gain, H Lippke, F E. Barton Ii, W R. Ocumpaugh
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
High correlations have been reported between data from near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) and the protein and fiber contents, as well as the intake and digestibility, of forages (Norris et al., 1976). The finding in some studies that sample sets for calibration and unknown samples should be restricted to relatively narrow populations (Marten et al., 1983) has limited the usefulness of NIRS. However, in experiments with legumes, correlations with NIRS data were almost as good across species as among species (Marten et al., 1984). The experiment reported here was conducted to discover quantitative relationships between NIRS spectra and chemical composition, …
Enzymatic Solubility And Other Analytic Parameters Predicting Digestibility In Grasses Of Middling Food Value,
2025
IADIZA-CONICET
Enzymatic Solubility And Other Analytic Parameters Predicting Digestibility In Grasses Of Middling Food Value, J Silva Colomer, M Zarate, J C. Guevara, C Fransinelli
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
For a long time, laboratories techniques have been applied to predict "in vivo" digestibility. Among the biological methods, those basing on rumen fluid are the most used in the nutrition laboratories (Osbourn and Siddons, 1980). These techniques, however, present difficulties as the necessity of maintaining rumen-fistulated donor animals, variations in ruminal activity and high cost. For these reasons, the capacity of enzymatic solubility to predict digestibility has been studied in the last few years in different forages : hays, cereal straws, silages and pellets (Aerts et al., 1977 ; Rivero Yeas, 1985), agricultural byproducts (Aerts, 1977; Aguilera and Molina, 1986) …
