The Application Of Edp Programmes For Calculating The Fertilization Of Grassland,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften
The Application Of Edp Programmes For Calculating The Fertilization Of Grassland, Hermann Ansorge, Hans Gorlitz, Werner Bergmann, Bodo Witter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
EDP programmes have been developed and used widely in the GDR to give an optimum nutrient supply by working out recommendations for fertilization with macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg), micro-nutrients (B, Mn, Cu, Mo, Zn), and organic manures. Recommendations are given for specific locations regarding the quantity, subdivision, form, period and method of fertilization. All the important factors influencing the effect of fertilization are taken into consideration when working out the recommendations. This is performed according to the optimization procedure in the case of N fertilization and by balancing in the case of P, K, and Mg fertilization, with …
Intensification Of For Age Crop Production 1n The Gdr By Sprinkler Irrigation And Fertilization,
2026
Humboldt-University Berlin
Intensification Of For Age Crop Production 1n The Gdr By Sprinkler Irrigation And Fertilization, Willi Breunig, Wolfgang Henkel, Rudolf Jauert, Dieter Roth
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Since the sixties, sprinkler irrigation experiments and production trials have been performed with different forage crops and in selected locations to reach the necessary scientific advance for the long-term irrigation programme of the GDR. The combining effect and efficiency was studied of varying doses of supplemental ·water and nitrogen fertilizer on the level and stability of fresh matter, dry matter, crude protein ,md energy yields, and on forage quality. Supplemental sprinkling of 150-200 inm (and nitrogen fertilization in case. of nonleguminous crops) applied to multi-cut forage crops gave a 30% dry matter yield increment on a long-term average, 12 t …
Results Of Pasture Management 1n The Medium-Altitude Mountains Of The Gdr,
2026
Bezirksstelle fiir betriebswirtschaftliche Beratung und Futterwirtschaft des Bezirkes Karl-Marx-Stadt, GDR
Results Of Pasture Management 1n The Medium-Altitude Mountains Of The Gdr, Henrich Olschewski
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture management in the County of KarlMarx-Stadt, which is considered representative of the medium-altitude mountain areas in the German Democratic Republic, is used as an example to demonstrate the results that were obtained when using the method for grazing efficiency determination as proposed by FALKE in 1927. Long-term and large-scale determination of grazing efficiency has contributed to the intensification of pasture managernc·nt. The increasing division of labour between crop production farms and those of animal production is a characteristic feature of industry-like production in agriculture. This requires exact commodity-and-money relations for pasture farming as well. New principles of pasture management …
Experience In Grazing Large Young-Cattle Herds In The "Lewitz" State Farm,
2026
VEG (Z) Farsenproduktion "Lewitz"
Experience In Grazing Large Young-Cattle Herds In The "Lewitz" State Farm, Ulrich Scharfenorth
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Lewitz, a region with a large share of grassland, an efficient centre of heifer raising with an annual output of 5,000 head was established with the help of our socialist State. Heifer production in the "Lewitz" State farm is being expanded on account of the positive experience gained. Industrialized heifer raising allows grazing and makes it economically advisable. The advantages of grazing can be adequately linked with the requirements of intensive young-cattle raising. Grazing herds of 200 to 500 head of young cattle puts higher demands on the herdsmen than indoor keeping in summer. This kind of grazing …
Young-Cattle Rearing Along Industrial Lines And Pasturing In The Gdr,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, GDR
Young-Cattle Rearing Along Industrial Lines And Pasturing In The Gdr, H Kleiber, F Morchen, F Lemme
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Young-cattle rearing along ind us trial lines involves a general increase ofrearing standards. When pasturing large herds of young cattle it is difficult to achieve high live weight gain. Factory-like milk production requires not only optimal live weight development of the heifers but also an excellent state of health of the animals' legs. The latter is achieved more easily through pasturing than by way of indoor rearing of the youngstock. The intensification of young-cattle rearing includes the intensification of pasture rearing as well. Young-cattle rearing along industrial lines brings up new problems to be solved by technological research workers.
Studies Regarding The Influence Of Weather Conditions On The Performance Of Grazing Cattle,
2026
MartinLuther-Universitat Halle-Wittenberg,
Studies Regarding The Influence Of Weather Conditions On The Performance Of Grazing Cattle, W Rotschke, W Lampeter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In a pasture trial with cattle youngstock the influence of weather conditions on the live weight gain was studied. Comparisons between the weekly average in global radiation and the weight gain showed that for each 100 cal/ cm2 • d -1 the daily live weight gain increased by 80 g per animal, and under extreme weather conditions the increase in live weight gain even amounted to 219 g per animal and day. On a pasture farm of 590 cows an average weekly increase in global radiation by 100 cal/ cm2 • d -1 resulted in a rise in milk performance …
Behaviour And Efficiency Of Animals On Intensively And Extensively Managed Pastures,
2026
Vyskumnf Ostav Luk a Pasienkov, Banska Bystrica, Czechoslovakia
Behaviour And Efficiency Of Animals On Intensively And Extensively Managed Pastures, Jan Sinkovic, Frantisek Bures
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Results of investigations conducted from 1971 to 1973 have shown that the cattle in the mountainous regions of Czechoslovakia graze mainly from between 4.00 and 5.00 to between 9.00 and 10.00 a.m. and from between 5.00 and 8.00 to 9.00 p.m. On intensive pastures the dairy cows gave 25. 95 % of their time to grazing in the same place and 5.5 % to grazing in walking. For this the young cattle needed 24.32 and 12.19 %, respectively. On extensive pastures the respective values were 16.1 and 15. 5 % for dairy cows and 19.56 and 23.74 % for young …
Comparison Between Free Grazing With Artificial Shade And Controlled Grazing With Natural Shade On Milk Production,
2026
lnstituto de Ciencia Animal, San Jose de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba
Comparison Between Free Grazing With Artificial Shade And Controlled Grazing With Natural Shade On Milk Production, J Ugarte, I Dominguez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
One hundred sixty crossbred Holstein cows were used in the middle of their lactation during the hot season. A completely randomized design was employed to compare: (A) free grazing with artificial shade ( open stables with concrete floors), and (B) controlled grazing with natural shade (trees). Pangola grass (Digitaria decumbens Stent.) was fertilized with 120 and 35 kg/ha of N and P2O5 , respectively. Stocking rate was 5 cows/ha without additional supplementation. There were no significant differences in pasture availability or live weight changes. Milk production was higher with controlled grazing (6.0 vs. 5.2 kg/day) and number of cows in …
The Herding Efficiency Of Electric Fences In Cattle Pastures As Influenced By The Operating Principle,
2026
Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, GDR
The Herding Efficiency Of Electric Fences In Cattle Pastures As Influenced By The Operating Principle, Erhard Geithner, Wolfgang Lange
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
An interdisciplinary team studied the herding efficiency of electric fences as influenced by the operating principle. As a result of this work, an electric fence implement with direct discharge of capacitors was developed. This implement supplies fence wires, up to 40 km in length, with adequate current impulses. The demands on the herding efficiency of electric fences are increasing with the concentration of both crop production and animal production. As a result of the transition to industry-like methods of production, successfully accomplished by way of cooperation, in our socialist agriculture grazing herds consist of about 250 to 300 cows or …
Intensive Pasture Management With Large Herds Of Dairy Cows,
2026
LPG ,,Freundschaft" Neustadt/Dosse, GDR
Intensive Pasture Management With Large Herds Of Dairy Cows, Joachim Fritz
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
At a concentration of 1,000 dairy cows in one farm, pasture management is done with herds of 200 to 300 cows each, with 60 to 90 ha of pasture ground being available· for each of these herds. Each two herds are milked and handled in one pasture centre. Under the given conditions, over several years a mean green matter yield of 39 t/ha has been reached at a cost of 19.60 M/t. In the pasture centre which is equipped with a herringbone milking parlour, 0.95 man-hours were needed to produce 100 kg of milk. The concentration of 400 to 600 …
Effectiveness Of Irrigated Pastures,
2026
Timiryazev Academy of Agriculture, Moscow, Soviet Union
Effectiveness Of Irrigated Pastures, Nikolai Gavrilovich Andreev
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Irrigated pastures are of greatest relevance to stabilizing the general fodder situation, for reasons of the high yield and low cost of pasture forage. If irrigation and fertilization are provided, best yields may be expected from forage plant mixtures which consist of five species: three grasses and two legumes. Fertilizer application must be quantified, depending on the soil nutrient status and in conformity with agrochemical test results and soil maps. The use of slurry obtained from livestock farms is useful not only for higher pasture forage yields but also for better protection of ground water and surface water. Irrigated pastures …
Aspects Of Efficient Grassland Utilization By Concentrated Sheep Flocks,
2026
Wissenschaftlich-Technisches Zentrum fiir Schafproduktion Klockow, GDR
Aspects Of Efficient Grassland Utilization By Concentrated Sheep Flocks, Hans-Joachim Gutsche
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture utilization by sheep and its adaptation to crop production along industrial lines is a main point of sheep farming and implies the concentration of sheep flocks. Electric fencing is increasingly employed in grassland utilization. Whole-day ration grazing with daily rotation is finding general acceptance. Avoiding unproductive driftways and utilizing natural activity periods for feed intake are major features that make this procedure so effective. Working-time expenditure of 0.19 man-minutes per sheep at a flock size of 1500 head was found to be the optimum value. Combination of three flocks provides the conditions necessary for work in groups and for …
Intensive Use Of Pasture By Sheep In Southland, New Zealand,
2026
Grassland Division, NZ
Intensive Use Of Pasture By Sheep In Southland, New Zealand, A J. Harris, M J. Hickey
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Production from pastures containing white clover is described for the southern region of New Zealand. An outline is given of a selfcontained grazing experiment in which district practice at a high ewe stocking rate is compared with a moderate rate with an induced high lambing percentage. Yields of animal products and pasture utilisation patterns are presented and these demonstrate advantages of fitting animal requirements as closely as possible to pasture production. Yield increases are possible from improved plant varieties and it is suggested that the incorporation of these into efficient animal systems will lead to further productivity increases.
Lamb Production From Temperate Grassland - A Systems Approach,
2026
Grassland Research Institute
Lamb Production From Temperate Grassland - A Systems Approach, N E. Young, J E. Newton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Centres of industrial-scale production of young cattle have been, and are being, systematically developed by way of the specialization, concentration, and regional distribution of productive forces in order to make the most effective use of absolute permanent grassland areas in foothill and medium-altitude mountain areas. Optimization calculations carried out in a number of locations allow to determine the demands on the size and quality of grassland used for cattle grazing, on land improvement, use, grazing management, the proportion of grassland suitable for mechanized farming, the share of grassland in the available farmland, the grazing area available for one head of …
Efficient Use Of Absolute Permanent Grassland In Foothill And Medium-Altitude Mountain Areas Through The Develop Ment Of Young-Cattle Raising Centres,
2026
Ingenieurbiiro fiir Investitionsvorbereitung und Rationalisierung beim Rat des Bezirkes Erfurt
Efficient Use Of Absolute Permanent Grassland In Foothill And Medium-Altitude Mountain Areas Through The Develop Ment Of Young-Cattle Raising Centres, Joachim Ilgner, Waldemar Endter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Centres of industrial-scale production of young cattle have been, and are being, systematically developed by way of the specialization, concentration, and regional distribution of productive forces in order to make the most effective use of absolute permanent grassland areas in foothill and medium-altitude mountain areas. Optimization calculations carried out in a number of locations allow to determine the demands on the size and quality of grassland used for cattle grazing, on land improvement, use, grazing management, the proportion of grassland suitable for mechanized farming, the share of grassland in the available farmland, the grazing area available for one head of …
Interrelationships Of Pasture Production, Pasture UtilizaTion And Animal Production From Grazed Pastures On Kangaroo Island, South Australia,
2026
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries
Interrelationships Of Pasture Production, Pasture UtilizaTion And Animal Production From Grazed Pastures On Kangaroo Island, South Australia, P R. Gibson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Pasture dry matter production, crude utilization and availability data are presented for two treatments (annual- and perennial-based pasture) in a larger stocking rate experiment carried out on the Kangaroo Island Research Centre, South Australia. There was no significant effect of stocking rate on mean annual pasture production for the four-year experimental period although some within-season correlations (both positive and negative) were observed. The mean efficiency of wool production in relation to pasture production and rainfall increased with stocking rate up to 17 sheep/ ha highlighting the biological efficiency of high stocking rates on these pastures.
Stocking Rate And The Ecosystem: Some Soil-Plant-Animal Interrelationships On Annual Pastures In South Australia,
2026
University of Adelaide
Stocking Rate And The Ecosystem: Some Soil-Plant-Animal Interrelationships On Annual Pastures In South Australia, Edward D. Carter
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Merino wethers were grazed continuously for five years on an annual pasture at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in the Mediterranean environment of South Australia to assess the soil, plant and animal responses to, and financial returns from, five stocking rate treatments ranging from 7.4 to 22.2 sheep per hectare. The experiment highlighted the biological and economic inefficiency of low stocking rates. Not only was pasture production increased by increasing the stocking rate but production of wool per head of sheep was not significantly affected except at the highest stocking rate. Wool production and wool value increased almost linearly with …
Possibilities Of Raising Grassland Yields And Sheep Production By Means Of Intensive Nitrogen Fertilization,
2026
Vyskumny Ustav Luk a Pasienkov
Possibilities Of Raising Grassland Yields And Sheep Production By Means Of Intensive Nitrogen Fertilization, Jozef Kvietok
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Application, after every grazing cycle, of 40 and 80 kg of nitrogen per hectare of sheep pasture, respectively, raised pasture yields to several times the level achieved in the unfertilized control. The fertilized herbage contained larger quantities of nitrogen compounds, with a trend to further increase in the following years. In variant A (40 kg N/ha) conversion of fertilizer nitrogen into plant matter was more efficient. In variant B (80 kg N/ha) we found a better balance of herbage regrowth over the whole grazing season. The amount of animal products produced in the individual variants correlated with the quantity and …
Dynamics Of Botanical And Chemical Compositions Of Plants In Pasture Mixture,
2026
University of Kentucky
Dynamics Of Botanical And Chemical Compositions Of Plants In Pasture Mixture, Y A. Yakimova, N Petrovski, R Stoilova
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Studies were conducted over five years into the dynamics relating to the botanical and chemical composition of the plant stand on an irrigated pasture run by the Institut po furazite, Pleven. The seed mixture consisted of20 % white clover, 60 % cocksfoot, and 20 % perennial rye grass and received annual phosphorus-potassium fertilization. The pasture was located on a plain 130 m a.s.l. and based on slightly leached chernozem of pH 7 .2. The climate is continental, with an annual mean temperature of 11. 7 °C and a long-term annual precipitation rate of 591 mm. The site was irrigated, which …
Cutting Riverside Meadows Under High-Intensity Management,
2026
All-Union Williams Forage Research Institute
Cutting Riverside Meadows Under High-Intensity Management, Klavdiya Terekhova, Viktor Pavlov, Petr Komakhin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The cutting regime applied to a natural grass stand is of great impact upon productivity and persistence as well as upon composition by groups and species. The date of cutting has effects on the ratio of age groups within populations of species as well as on generative and vegetative renewal, plant vitality, and morphogenesis. The following yields may be obtained from a three-cut or four-cut regime of natural stands accompanied by application of 180 kg N + 60kgP + 60kgK/ha or240kgN + 60kgP + 60 kg K/ha: 6-10 tons of air-dry matter per hectare and 1-2 tons of crude protein …
