Plant Biology Commons^™

Pengaruh Sitokinin Dan Paklobutrazol Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Benih Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) G2 Kultivar Granola Dengan Sistem Nutrient Film Technique, M. Ibrahim, Anne Nuraini, Dedi Widayat

Jurnal Kultivasi

Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sitokinin dan paklobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil benih kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) G2 kultivar Granola dengan menggunakan sistem Nutrient Film Technique. Percobaan dilakukan di rumah plastik CV. Alam Pasundan, Cibiru, Bandung dari bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2014 dengan ketinggian lokasi penelitian ± 700 m dpl. Rancangan perco-baan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enambelas perlakuan dan masing-masing terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah: A (kontrol), B (25 ppm sitokinin), C (50 ppm sitokinin), D (75 ppm sitokinin), E (50 ppm paklobutrazol), F (100 ppm paklobutrazol), G (150 ppm paklobutrazol), H …

Transgenic Soybean Plants Expressing Asoybean Homolog Of Glycine-Rich Protein 7 (Grp7) And Exhibiting Improved Innate Immunity, James R. Alfano, Anna Joe, Thomas E. Clemente, Zhengqing Fu, Ming Guo, Byeong-Ryool Jeong, Thomas Elthon

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

This disclosure provides for transgenic Soybean plants expressing a soybean homolog of glycine-rich protein 7 (GRP7) and exhibiting improved innate immunity and meth ods of making Such plants.

Mechanosensitive Channel Msl8 Regulates Osmotic Forces During Pollen Hydration And Germination, Eric S. Hamilton, Gregory S. Jensen, Grigory Maksaev, Andrew Katims, Ashley M. Sherp, Elizabeth S. Haswell

Biology Faculty Research

Pollen grains undergo dramatic changes in cellular water potential as they deliver the male germ line to female gametes, and it has been proposed that mechanosensitive ion channels may sense the resulting mechanical stress. Here, we identify and characterize MscS-like 8 (MSL8), a pollen-specific, membrane tension–gated ion channel required for pollen to survive the hypoosmotic shock of rehydration and for full male fertility. MSL8 negatively regulates pollen germination but is required for cellular integrity during germination and tube growth. MSL8 thus senses and responds to changes in membrane tension associated with pollen hydration and germination. These data further suggest that …

Community Seed Banks: Origins, Evolution, And Prospects, Charles A. Francis

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

As a survey of contemporary community-level seed banks, this is an excellent compilation and instructive guide. The first section provides an overview of how seed banks originated, their varied goals and activities, several contrasting forms of management, and how they organize and perform to meet these goals. An intriguing claim in the book is that the concept of “seed banks is only some three decades old,” while in fact the practice of saving, preserving, and exchanging seed within a community is probably as old as human communities themselves.

Organized seed banks often serve specific functions: preserving seeds, providing seed access …

Adding Genetically Distant Individuals To Training Populations Reduces Genomic Prediction Accuracy In Barley, Aaron Lorenz, Kevin P. Smith

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

One of the most important factors affecting genomic prediction accuracy appears to be training population (TP) composition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of genomic relationship on genomic prediction accuracy and determine if adding increasingly unrelated individuals to a TP can reduce prediction accuracy. To accomplish this, a population of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) lines from the University of Minnesota (lines denoted as MN) and North Dakota State University (lines denoted as ND) breeding programs were used for model training. Predictions were validated using two independent sets of progenies derived from MN  MN crosses …

Switchgrass Germplasm Resources, Michael D. Casler, Kenneth P. Vogel, Melanie Harrison

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important native grass and dominant member of the tallgrass prairie ecosystem. It is used for conservation, restoration, livestock feed production, and bioenergy feedstock production. The purpose of this review is to describe the biological and geographical basis for switchgrass germplasm diversity and to provide a resource for scientists and outreach personnel to find switchgrass germplasm to meet their needs. Upland and lowland ecotypes represent the most important polymorphism in switchgrass, with distinct but overlapping geographic distributions. Variation in ploidy exists within both ecotypes, with 2n = 4x = 36 the dominant ploidy …

The Khmer Software Package: Enabling Efficient Nucleotide Sequence Analysis, Michael R. Crusoe, Hussien F. Alameldin, Sherine Awad, Elmar Boucher, Adam Caldwell, Reed Cartwright, Amanda Charbonneau, Bede Constantinides, Greg Edvenson, Scott Fay, Jacob Fenton, Thomas Fenzl, Jordan Fish, Leonor Garcia-Gutierrez, Phillip Garland, Jonathan Gluck, Iván González, Sarah Guermond, Jiarong Guo, Aditi Gupta, Joshua R. Herr, Adina Howe, Alex Hyer, Andreas Härpfer, Luiz Irber, Rhys Kidd, David Lin, Justin Lippi, Tamer Mansour, Pamela Mca'nulty, Eric Mcdonald, Jessica Mizzi, Kevin D. Murray, Joshua R. Nahum, Kaben Nanlohy, Alexander Johan Nederbragt, Humberto Ortiz-Zuazaga, Jeramia Ory, Jason Pell, Charles Pepe-Ranney, Zachary N. Russ, Camille Scott, Josiah Seaman, Scott Sievert 38, Jared Simpson, Connor T. Skennerton, James Spencer, Ramakrishnan Srinivasan, Daniel Standage, James A. Stapleton, Susan R. Steinman, Joe Stein, Benjamin Taylor, Will Trimble, Heather L. Wiencko, Michael Wright, Brian Wyss, Qingpeng Zhang, En Zyme, C. Titus Brown, Erich Schwarz

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

The khmer package is a freely available software library for working efficiently with fixed length DNA words, or k-mers. khmer provides implementations of a probabilistic k-mer counting data structure, a compressible De Bruijn graph representation, De Bruijn graph partitioning, and digital normalization. khmer is implemented in C++ and Python, and is freely available under the BSD license at https://github.com/dib-lab/khmer.

When An Invasive Plant Fails To Invade, Stephen L. Young

West Central Research and Extension Center, North Platte

In 2012, much of the US Midwest was gripped in one of the most severe droughts on record. While conducting experimental fieldwork at a site in Nebraska during June of that year, I noticed a single musk thistle (Carduus nutans; Figure 1) that appeared to be in the bolt or early flowering stage, which is typical for the species at that time. Here, however, two things were unusual: this plant was less than 1 meter tall (with adequate moisture and light, musk thistle typically grows to heights of 1–2.5 meters before flowering), and was only 3 months old (the bolt …

There's Much Left To Learn: Clethra's Chromosomes, W. John Hayden

Biology Faculty Publications

Many would argue that chromosomes, genes, and DNA form the ineluctable essence of modern biology. Not only do these fundamental components of living cells provide moment-to-moment instructions by which cells carry out basic life processes, they also control inheritance of characteristics from one generation to the next. These essential functions of DNA stem from its repetitive structure. Hugely long DNA molecules are built from just four components, referenced by their singleletter abbreviations, A, C, G, and T. It is the specific sequence of these As, Cs, Gs, and Ts that constitutes the coded information of DNA. Moreover, molecular biologists have …

Evaluation Of Concrete Grinding Residue (Cgr) Slurry Application On Vegetation And Soil Responses Along Nebraska State Highway 31, Martha Mamo, Dennis L. Mccallister, Walter H. Schacht

Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports

No abstract provided.

A Unique 5' Translation Element Discovered In Triticum Mosaic Virus, Robyn Roberts, Jincan Zhang, Laura K. Mayberry, Satyanarayana Tatineni, Karen S. Browning, Aurelie M. Rakotondrafara

Department of Plant Pathology: Faculty Publications

Several plant viruses encode elements at the 5' end of their RNAs, which, unlike most cellular mRNAs, can initiate translation in the absence of a 5' m7GpppG cap. Here, we describe an exceptionally long (739-nucleotide [nt]) leader sequence in triticum mosaic virus (TriMV), a recently emerged wheat pathogen that belongs to the Potyviridae family of positive-strand RNA viruses. We demonstrate that the TriMV 5' leader drives strong cap-independent translation in both wheat germ extract and oat protoplasts through a novel, noncanonical translation mechanism. Translation preferentially initiates at the 13th start codon within the leader sequence independently of eIF4E but involves …

Thermodynamic Analysis Of Phenylpropanoid Pathway In Arabidopsis Thanliana, Patrick J. Ioerger, Rohit Jaini, John A. Morgan

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Biofuels represent a renewable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. As dependence on fossil fuels rise so does the importance of improving the production of alternative fuels. Lignin poses one obstacle in the development of such alternative fuels. Its presence strengthens cell walls and hinders degradation of polysaccharides into monosaccharides, increasing cost and time while decreasing efficiency of the process. Lignin is composed of three monolignols, each of which is produced through the Phenylpropanoid pathway; a series of chemical reactions. This work aims to determine which reactions in the pathway are least thermodynamically favorable and thus most limiting. From metabolic mapping …

Detecting Genomic Regions Responsible For Resistance In Arabidopsis, Valeria Cancino, Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi, Rucha Karve

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne plant root colonizing pathogen and the casual agent of bacterial wilt (BW) disease. BW leads to severe yield loss in a wide variety of agricultural commodity crops, such as tomato, banana, and pepper. In this study, we look at the plant-pathogen interaction between Ralstonia solanacearum and various ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana with the goal of finding resistant ecotypes. To identify resistant ecotypes, seeds are first sterilized and left to soak in the dark. Then the seeds are plated on agar media, transferred to a growth chamber, and allowed to grow for 5 days. On day …

Chlorophyll Synthase Under Epigenetic Surveillance Is Critical For Vitamin E Synthesis, And Altered Expression Affects Tocopherol Levels In Arabidopsis, Chunyu Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guodong Ren, Denli Li, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Ming Chen, Yongming Zhou, Bin Yu, Edgar B. Cahoon

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Chlorophyll synthase catalyzes the final step in chlorophyll biosynthesis: the esterification of chlorophyllide with either geranylgeranyl diphosphate or phytyl diphosphate (PDP). Recent studies have pointed to the involvement of chlorophyll-linked reduction of geranylgeranyl by geranylgeranyl reductase as a major pathway for the synthesis of the PDP precursor of tocopherols. This indirect pathway of PDP synthesis suggests a key role of chlorophyll synthase in tocopherol production to generate the geranylgeranyl-chlorophyll substrate for geranylgeranyl reductase. In this study, contributions of chlorophyll synthase to tocopherol formation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were explored by disrupting and altering expression of the corresponding gene …

Once Again, My Epiphyllum: Hope, Joy And Excitement, Wenling Ma

Librarian Publications

Wenling Ma describes the second flowering of her Epiphyllum in August 2015.

Transport Regimes And Spread Of The Common Reed, Phramites Australis, In The Saco River, Me, Usa, Michelle A. Slater

All Theses And Dissertations

Allee effects are important to species invasions because population growth may be limited by low outcrossing potential in newly founded populations leading to depressed levels of fitness. Non-native Phragmites australis (common reed) has been present in the United States for over 200 years, but has been slow to reach some areas, possibly owing to the Allee phenomenon, whereby young or isolated Phragmites patches with initially low genotypic richness are slow to recruit viable seedlings due to inbreeding, which limits the rate of patch expansion. In order to explore the importance of the Allee effect in a recently invaded system, the …

Removal Of Heavy Metal Ions From Aqueous Solution Using Rice Husks-Based Adsorbents, Fanuel J Ligate, James E.G Mdoe

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study reports on the preparation and characterization of rice husks-based adsorbents and their application in the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. Three different adsorbents were developed: rice husks ash (RHA), rice husks ash-derived silica (RHS) and triaminopropyl-silica hybrid (TSH-R). The prepared materials were characterized by acid titration, Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy and nitrogen physisorption analysis. Results from the ATR-FTIR analysis indicated that pure silica was obtained from RHA and that after surface modification the triaminopropyl group was successfully attached onto the silica framework with a …

Agro-Waste As Source Of Fine And Industrial Chemicals: Synthesis Of 2-Formyl-6-Hydroxybenzoic Acid And 4-Methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-Dione From Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, Lydia Kisula, Stephen J.M. Mdachi, Charles De Koning, Quintino A. Mgani

Tanzania Journal of Science

This paper reports on the synthesis of 2-formyl-6-hydroxybenzoic acid (8) and 4-methoxyisobenzofuran-1,3-dione (10) from a renewable natural material Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) achieved in five and seven steps, respectively. Anacardic acid was isolated from CNSL, dimethoxylated into (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-8-enyl)benzoate which was subsequently hydrogenated into methyl 2-methoxy-6-pentadecylbenzoate. Benzylic bromination of the methoxyester, and dehydrobromination afforded (E)-methyl 2-methoxy-6-(pentadec-1-enyl)benzoate which upon ozonolysis gave methyl 2-formyl-6-methoxybenzoate. Oxidation and dehydration of 8 formed methoxyphthalic anhydride (10). The work reported in this paper has further demonstrated the resourcefulness of cashew nut shell liquid as a renewable natural resource for synthesis of fine and industrial chemicals.

Occurrence Of An Herbicide-Resistant Plant Trait In Agricultural Field Margins, Karla L. Gag, David J. Gibson, Bryan G. Young, Julie M. Young, Joseph L. Matthews, Stephen C. Weller, Robert G. Wilson

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Agricultural environments allow study of evolutionary change in plants. An example of evolution within agroecological systems is the selection for resistance to the herbicide glyphosate within the weed, Conyza canadensis. Changes in survivorship and reproduction associated with the development of glyphosate resistance (GR) may impact fitness and influence the frequency of occurrence of the GR trait. We hypothesized that site characteristics and history would affect the occurrence of GR C. canadensis in field margins. We surveyed GR occurrence in field margins and asked whether there were correlations between GR occurrence and location, crop rotation, GR crop trait rotation, crop type, …

Osmotic Stress Induces Phosphorylation Of Histone H3 At Threonine 3 In Pericentromeric Regions Of Arabidopsis Thaliana, Zhen Wang, Juan Armando Casas-Mollano, Jianping Xu, Jean-Jack M. Riethoven, Chi Zhang, Heriberto Cerutti

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Histone phosphorylation plays key roles in stress-induced transcriptional reprogramming in metazoans but its function(s) in land plants has remained relatively unexplored. Here we report that an Arabidopsis mutant defective in At3g03940 and At5g18190, encoding closely related Ser/Thr protein kinases, shows pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism and hypersensitivity to osmotic/salt stress. The double mutant has reduced global levels of phosphorylated histone H3 threonine 3 (H3T3ph), which are not enhanced, unlike the response in the wild type, by drought-like treatments. Genome-wide analyses revealed increased H3T3ph, slight enhancement in trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3), and a modest decrease in histone H3 occupancy …